International Conference on Smart, Sustainable and Sensuous Settlements Transformation

(3SSettlements) Proceeding

7th - 8th March 2018

Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany

Program chair:

Prof. Dr.-Ing./Univ.Tokio Thomas Bock, (Technical University of Munich)

Program co-chair:

Prof. Akira Mita (Keio University)

Program Committee:

Prof. Dr.-Ing./Univ.Tokio Thomas Bock, (TUM, Germany)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. hab. Alexej Bulgakow, (Southwest State University of Kursk, Russia)

Prof. Akira Mita, (Keio University, Japan)

Prof. Helena Coch Roura, (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona,Spain)

Prof. Giuliana Iannaccone, (Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy)

Prof. Zoubeir Lafhaj, (École Centrale de Lille, Lille, France)

Author Index

Almazan, Jorge 7

Azarov, Artem 90

Baba, Teppei 41

Bakayeva, Natalya 83

Bolchini, Cristiana 216

Braun, Anna Theresa 55

Bulgakov, Alexey 77

Chen, Tzu-Ying 207

Dergunova, Anna 125

Dvortesky, Alexander 212

Eichner, Michael 223

Gordon, Vladimir 63

Grau, Antoni 193

Hu, Rongbo 95

Imperadori, Marco 169

Iannaccone, Giuliana 133

Kobayashi, Hiroto 144

Kolchunov, Vitaliy 109

Komotori, Hirokazu 14

Kontovourkis, Odysseas 176

Krivykh, Elena 113

Lafhaj, Zoubeir 199

Linner, Thomas 21

Martini, Francesco 70

Masera, Gabriele 184

Mitsukura, Yasue 25

Moshkevich, Maria 128

Ogawa, Ami 35

Ono, Mari 29

Pawlitza, Katja 48

Ptichnikova, Galina 121

Radović, Darko 102

Ruttico, Pierpaolo 138

Schlandt, Marcel 156

Shima, Yunosuke 1

Shimoda, Tomoyuki 150

Shubenkov, Mikhail 117

Torres-Quezada, Jefferson 163

Table of Contents

Demographic challenges & robotic assisted environment

A study on living space in infill of intelligent for elderly person

Yunosuke Shima (page: 1-6)

Between social action, research and learning: architectural build projects by university laboratories in

Japan

Jorge Almazan (page: 7-13)

Proposal of Home Robot with an Affinity to Live Together in a Residential House

Hirokazu Komotori (page: 14-20)

Cross-domain integration for the development of technology based detection-analytics-intervention

chains in the project REACH

Thomas Linner (page: 21-24)

Simple Stress Quantitative Evaluation for Healthcare using Daily KANSEI Detection with EEG Device ~

Relation between stress and healthcare

Yasue Mitsukura (page: 25-28)

Relationship between perceived indoor temperature and contributory factors of frailty

Mari Ono (page: 29-34)

Performance of a Sensor Agent Robot in a Real Living Environment for Monitoring in Houses

Ami Ogawa (page: 35-40)

Effects of Booth-space Shape on Information-processing Activity of individuals

Teppei Baba (page: 41-47)

Design of a Multifunctional and Modular Hospital Bed System with High-Technology Elements

Katja Pawlitza (page: 48-54)

MAK – Modular Assisted Kitchen for Dementia Sufferers

Anna Theresa Braun (page: 55-62)

Correlation-regression model of the ecological-demographic situation of an urbanized area

Vladimir Gordon (page: 63-69)

3D Movement – Assistive System for People with Reduced Mobility

Francesco Martini & Carlo Guernier (page: 70-76)

Sustainability in urban design and future work

Algal cultivation in residential construction

Alexey Bulgakov (page: 77-82)

Principles of Urban Area Redevelopment for Safe and Comfortable Living conditions

Natalya Bakayeva (page: 83-89)

Sustainability in urban design and future work

About methodology of soil-environmental profiling for increasing environmental safety of construction

Artem Azarov (page: 90-94)

Operating Manual for Robot City: a Framework for Sustainable and Rapid Urban Transformation

Rongbo Hu (page: 95-101)

Towards Redefinition of Quality of Urban Life - the subversive pleasures of encounters with water

Darko Radović (page: 102-108)

Tomorrow of biospheric compatibility of cities - the subject of education today

Vitaliy Kolchunov (page: 109-112)

New Forms of Public Space: Urban Planning and Hi-Hume Technologies

Elena Krivykh (page: 113-116)

Urban system and their role in ensuring sustainable social development

Mikhail Shubenkov (page: 117-120)

Problems of sustainable urban development considering the negative impact of hydropower projects on

biosphere resources of the territory

Galina Ptichnikova (page: 121-124)

Assessment of economic and social effect of increase in energy efficiency of buildings and constructions

Anna Piksaykina (page: 125-127)

The formation of economic and mathematical model for managing urban development that is based on

urban potentials

Leonid Yulianovich (page: 128-132)

Advanced construction and Robotics

Off-site construction for the large scale energy retrofit of the existing building stock: an innovative

external insulation system

Giuliana Iannaccone (page: 133-137)

Automated tape laying system for composite structures and building components

Pierpaolo Ruttico (page: 138-143)

Empathic Design using Agile Technology

Hiroto Kobayashi (page: 144-149)

Seismic Performance Evaluation of Wood Frame House using Capacity Spectrum for Safer Living

Environment

Tomoyuki Shimoda (page: 150-155)

Automated Refurbishment of Façades with External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS)

Marcel Schlandt (page: 156-162)

Advanced construction and Robotics

Predominant factors on Multi-housing overheating interior conditions and body temperature: a field

study in Japan Jefferson Torres- Quezada (page: 163-168)

The Sense of Sensors

Federica Brunone (page: 169-175)

Dual-user interaction in virtual environment towards robotic construction of masonry systems

Odysseas Kontovourkis (page: 176-183)

Applications of 3D printing in architecture and construction: potential and limitations

Gabriele Masera (page: 184-192)

Aerial Robotics in Building Inspection and Maintenance Antoni Grau (page: 193-198)

3D printing in Construction: application framework for a robotic arm based on the extrusion technique

Zoubeir Lafhaj (page: 199-206)

The Selfsandingbot

Chen, Tzu-Ying (page: 207-211)

Net zero energy building and settlement

Passive solar architecture in mixed climate of southern Russia

Alexander Dvortesky (page: 212-215)

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Smart Communities: a multidisciplinary methodological framework for

monitoring and data analysis

Cristiana Bolchini (page: 216-222)

Climate saving building construction for biosphere compatible and human urban environments

Zinaida Ivanova (page: 223-229)

169

6. FDMA, “Emergency transport status due to heat-stroke in 2016”, 2016.

7. Fabbri, K. and L. Tronchin, “Indoor environmental quality in low energy buildings,” Energy Procedia, Vol. 78, pp. 2778–2783, 2015.

8. Duran, Ö., S. Taylor, and K. Lomas, “The impact of refurbishment on thermal comfort in post-war office buildings”, Energy Procedia, Vol. 78(0), pp. 877–882, 2015.

9. Derbez, M., B. Berthineau, V. Cochet, C. Pignon, J. Ribéron, G. Wyart, C. Mandin, and S. Kirchner, “A 3-year follow-up of indoor air quality and comfort in two energy-efficient houses”, Building and Environment, Vol. 82, pp. 288–299, 2014.

10. Zalejska-Jonsson, A., “Evaluation of low-energy and conventional residential buildings from occupants’ perspective”, Building and Environment, Vol. 58, pp. 135–144, 2012.

11. JMA, “Tables of Climatological Normals (1981-2010)”. Retrieved from: http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/en/nor-mal/normal.html. [Accessed: 07-Jan-2018].

12. EnergyPlus, “Weather Data”. Retrieved from: https://energyplus.net/weather. [Accessed: 07-Jan-2018].

13. TamacityHall, “Tamacity”. Retrieved from: http://www.city.tama.lg.jp. [Accessed: 07-Jan-2018].

14. Auliciems, A. and S. Szokolay, “Thermal comfort”, PLEA Int., pp. 66, 2007.

The Sense of Sensors Marco Imperadori1, Graziano Salvalai1*, Federica Brunone1, Marica Angela Fumagalli2

and Rossano Scoccia2

1 Department of Architecture, Built environment, Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

2 Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Italy * Corresponding author (graziano.salvalai@polimi.it)

Sensors are nowadays more and more common in buildings because they are becoming everyday cheaper, reliable and long lasting. Applications inside, outside and in between the built layers are more and more common and therefor the possibility to collect a big amount of data. However, the question is: does it make any Sense? Huge amount of data does not mean that the building is nicer and works better. Sometime the excess of technology and the presence of these devices ends up in a lack of responsibility by the user and, in some cases, the building does not work better than one without all these invisible measurements. Thinking and adapting the purpose of the sensors and educate users, on contrary, allow us to have a more interactive building and the possibility to check it very quickly with an app and run it from remote. Thus it is very important to set up what kind of sensors we need and how we collect the data and how we interpret them in a correct and fast way, being data so many and being the user not necessarily an Engineer. Some experiences will be shown seeing the effect of users and also actual benchmark technologies that allow us to live in an Active House and check it live, than\ks to an app that shows several sensors outputs. The paper will also show an experimental case study at Politecnico di Milano, VELUXlab, where sensors have been in-stalled for different purposes, since some years, and where the building behaviour has been checked with and without occupants. Big Data are around us, but sometimes it seems that we forget the basics and the world surrounding us when too much technology seems to substitute our senses. Finally, the goal is to show that technology and remote sensing is efficient and produces a better living environment only if it does not cancel our singular responsibility and our capability to trust in our senses and in a clever use of our architectures.

Keywords: sensors, big data, sustainable design, active house, interactive buildings

INTRODUCTION Buildings account for 40% of overall energy consump-tion in the European Union. Increase the energy effi-ciency in this sector means to contribute significantly in reaching the EU climate and energy targets as well as reducing EU dependency on imported gas and oil, thereby limiting the need for higher electricity produc-tion. According to the EPBD Directive 2010/31/EU [1] by the end of the 2020, all the new buildings must be very energy efficient with an annual balance between produced and absorbed energy close to zero [2]. Ac-tually there are no a global definition of nearly zero energy building [3, 4, 5] since each member states must define they own detailed calculation method. The available calculation methods, defined by the standard, focuses currently only on energy demand during operation but a new view that consider a wide environmental efficiency must be introduced in the near future [6, 7] There are a number of long-term advantages of mov-ing toward ZEBs, including lower environmental im-pacts, lower operating and maintenance costs, better resiliency to natural disasters, and improved energy security. The following paper shows a case study of nearly zero energy building located in northern Italy

with focus on the real operation by means the integra-tion of sensors in the building component for real time tuning. METHOD In the current construction practice, there is com-monly a big gap between the predicted and the real energy consumption. This paper aims to show the sensors-based upgrade approach on a high-efficiency and smart building. The final target was to prove and validate the retrofit strategies that has been previously studied trough several simulation tools, and applied to a specific case study, VELUXlab in Politecnico di Mi-lano, Bovisa Campus. According to these purposes, in a first phase of the study, several different sensors and sensored devices has been installed, and interconnected via a wireless network. Thus, all the data has been collected and stored, in order to be analysed through a big data min-ing process. This study focuses on specific physical quantities, which provide real time conditions about internal com-fort, energy consumption, energy production and their interrelation. Therefore, the selected and installed sensors are able to measure:

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Temperature [°C]: on the envelope as super-ficial and indoor air-temperature, with ther-mos-resistor sensors; on systems, as work-ing temperatures;

Humidity levels [%]; Heat production; Electrical production; Electrical consumption; CO2 concentration.

Thus, the mined and patterned data could detect both the real functionality and high efficiency of the building, from the “as-built” status, to its usage phase, with the interaction of tenants. The second step of this work involves the transposi-tion of all the investigated data and the derived infor-mation about the building on a shared platform of aug-mented reality. This phase has the target to let the en-gineering knowledge of the project and the quantita-tive data become visualized qualitative information, more readable and comprehensible also for the com-mon final users of the building. This aim heads to ed-ucate occupants to a correct use of a high perfor-mance object, in order to maintain and get the maxi-mum from it. Besides, the informed-object that repre-sents the building in a virtual reality could be easily updated, to record and show the improvements of the building features and the changes about its perfor-mances during time. Moreover, thanks to a BIM de-sign approach, the availability of data and information in one unique environment facilitates the manage-ment of the building and future interventions. CASE STUDY: VELUXLAB BUILDING VELUXlab is the first Italian Nearly Zero Energy Build-ing, which is located inside a University campus [8] (Fig. 1). Its design process started in 2011, when VE-LUX decided to convert the demo-house Atika, into an experimental laboratory of Politecnico di Milano: VE-LUXlab. The original building was already conceived in its shape and features to be a model home for Med-iterranean climate. The scientific supervision of the design team of Politecnico di Milano upgraded the construction into an active prototype and, thus, a real case study for future sustainable buildings. The retrofit process of the building involved both the improvement of the envelope’s layering with new and high performances materials that increased the tech-nical performances of the building case (U-values up to 0,124 W/m2K), and the implementation of systems. Static and dynamic simulations helped to calibrate the design choices to lead through the minimisation of en-ergy needs [8]. They proved the feasibility of high in-ternal comfort levels, high energy efficiency and low environmental impact. The integration of those three

principles managed the development of all the modi-fications that has been introduced during the transfor-mation phase.

Fig. 1. A picture of the building after renovation and lo-calization at Politecnico di Milano, Bovisa Campus VELUXlab: the first Italian Nearly Zero Energy Building and Active House of a university campus The main feature of VELUXlab is that it has been con-ceived and further developed as a real smart and ac-tive building. The high performances reached by the construction has been verified by the achievement of the A+ value of the CENED protocol, in 2014, and the Active House label [9]. Thus, it soon represented the first Italian ActiveHouse building inside a university campus. At the end of 2017, indeed, it was officially awarded with the AH label through an external review process. It testify the achievement of high conditions on internal comfort, low energy consumptions and en-vironmental loads (Fig. 2 and Table 1).

Comfortindicators Value Category 1.1 Daylight 5,7% 1.0 1.2 Thermal Environ-ment

Better level 1.8

1.3 Indoor air quality <750ppm 2.0 Energy indicators 2.1 Energy demand 74,7 kWh/m2 2.7 2.2 Energy supply 79,7 kWh/m2 1.0 2.3 Primary energy 11,9 kWh/m2 2.8 Environment indicators

3.1 Environmental loads

Good level 2.3

3.2 Freshwater con-sumption

84% 1.0

3.3 Sustainable con-struction

Best level 2.1

Tab.1. Active House labelling results, performed by Ac-tive House verifier Arch. Eileen Meyer for Active House Alliance, 2017

171

Temperature [°C]: on the envelope as super-ficial and indoor air-temperature, with ther-mos-resistor sensors; on systems, as work-ing temperatures;

Humidity levels [%]; Heat production; Electrical production; Electrical consumption; CO2 concentration.

Thus, the mined and patterned data could detect both the real functionality and high efficiency of the building, from the “as-built” status, to its usage phase, with the interaction of tenants. The second step of this work involves the transposi-tion of all the investigated data and the derived infor-mation about the building on a shared platform of aug-mented reality. This phase has the target to let the en-gineering knowledge of the project and the quantita-tive data become visualized qualitative information, more readable and comprehensible also for the com-mon final users of the building. This aim heads to ed-ucate occupants to a correct use of a high perfor-mance object, in order to maintain and get the maxi-mum from it. Besides, the informed-object that repre-sents the building in a virtual reality could be easily updated, to record and show the improvements of the building features and the changes about its perfor-mances during time. Moreover, thanks to a BIM de-sign approach, the availability of data and information in one unique environment facilitates the manage-ment of the building and future interventions. CASE STUDY: VELUXLAB BUILDING VELUXlab is the first Italian Nearly Zero Energy Build-ing, which is located inside a University campus [8] (Fig. 1). Its design process started in 2011, when VE-LUX decided to convert the demo-house Atika, into an experimental laboratory of Politecnico di Milano: VE-LUXlab. The original building was already conceived in its shape and features to be a model home for Med-iterranean climate. The scientific supervision of the design team of Politecnico di Milano upgraded the construction into an active prototype and, thus, a real case study for future sustainable buildings. The retrofit process of the building involved both the improvement of the envelope’s layering with new and high performances materials that increased the tech-nical performances of the building case (U-values up to 0,124 W/m2K), and the implementation of systems. Static and dynamic simulations helped to calibrate the design choices to lead through the minimisation of en-ergy needs [8]. They proved the feasibility of high in-ternal comfort levels, high energy efficiency and low environmental impact. The integration of those three

principles managed the development of all the modi-fications that has been introduced during the transfor-mation phase.

Fig. 1. A picture of the building after renovation and lo-calization at Politecnico di Milano, Bovisa Campus VELUXlab: the first Italian Nearly Zero Energy Building and Active House of a university campus The main feature of VELUXlab is that it has been con-ceived and further developed as a real smart and ac-tive building. The high performances reached by the construction has been verified by the achievement of the A+ value of the CENED protocol, in 2014, and the Active House label [9]. Thus, it soon represented the first Italian ActiveHouse building inside a university campus. At the end of 2017, indeed, it was officially awarded with the AH label through an external review process. It testify the achievement of high conditions on internal comfort, low energy consumptions and en-vironmental loads (Fig. 2 and Table 1).

Comfortindicators Value Category 1.1 Daylight 5,7% 1.0 1.2 Thermal Environ-ment

Better level 1.8

1.3 Indoor air quality <750ppm 2.0 Energy indicators 2.1 Energy demand 74,7 kWh/m2 2.7 2.2 Energy supply 79,7 kWh/m2 1.0 2.3 Primary energy 11,9 kWh/m2 2.8 Environment indicators

3.1 Environmental loads

Good level 2.3

3.2 Freshwater con-sumption

84% 1.0

3.3 Sustainable con-struction

Best level 2.1

Tab.1. Active House labelling results, performed by Ac-tive House verifier Arch. Eileen Meyer for Active House Alliance, 2017

Fig. 2 Active House Radar of VELUXlab, evaluated by Politecnico di Milano design team and verified by Active House Alliance, 2017 VELUXlab Augmented Reality As a real case study, during its construction and us-age phases VELUXlab has been the core of multiple scientific activities and experiments. They involve, as first, the implementation of the project to the aug-mented reality. The building 3D model, in its geomet-rical data and non-geometrical information (about ma-terial performances and features, e.g.) has been transferred into a virtual environment, freely available: the online platform LAYAR. Thanks, to the support of several file-sharing systems, such as Autodesk A360, the aim of this initiative is double: as a BIM-oriented approach, to have all the data and information directly available in one unique place, useful for the manage-ment of the building; on the other hand, to communi-cate with final users (Fig.3).

Fig. 3 Augmented reality platform used by Ing. Vanossi, the BIM manager of the project VELUXlab, the sensorized laboratory Beyond its definition in a virtual environment, VELUX-lab has been equipped by a wireless multiple sensors network. They are located both all across the enve-lope than on systems, in order to have a holist per-spective on the building behaviour. Superficial tem-

perature sensors are placed both on internal and ex-ternal surfaces of walls, roofs and windows of the west wing (Figg. 4 and 5), to investigate the summer per-formances of a dry layered construction. All the data provided from these devices, from 2012 till now, has been collected, storage, mined and ana-lysed. This part of the study could be considered as big-data experimental analysis, because the experi-ence deals with three of the 4Vs of big data [10]: (i) Volume, a considerable amount of collected data from 7 selected sensors over a year has been used in the first trial step of the process, with a total amount of 521.148 records from building sensors and 277.888 records from a local weather station; (ii) Velocity, all values are recorded every 30 seconds; (iii) Veracity, sensors may provide inconsistent values due to exter-nal unpredictable factors. The collected and already mined records have been uploaded on an IBM plat-form, to be queried by experts. The second step fo-cused on data-visualization problems: thanks to BIM-based environment, all the scientific results have been transported and integrated to the 3D informated object, already available on LAYAR. Thus, a more user-friendly interface could help the communication between AEC sector experts and users, and their ed-ucation to deal with a high energy efficiency building, without wasting its big potential (Fig. 6).

Fig. 4 Location of thermal sensors across the envelope of VELUXlab and their wireless network

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Fig. 5 Location of thermal sensors inside the technical solution of the envelope: wall and roof. The information about the geometrical and material global performances of the technological solution has been transferred on a BIM environment and are currently available on the augmented reality platform

Fig.6 Augmented reality and BIM model implemented with big data derived from sensors network Since April 2017, the sensor network has been ex-tended with several temperature sensors (Table 2), which measure the temperatures of the internal envi-ronment in different positions of the building, in order to study the trend of the internal conditions among dif-ferent seasons and to evaluate if the comfort condi-tions are homogeneously granted (Fig. 7).

Internal temperature sensors sample time 10 min accuracy ±0.35 °C from 0° to 50°C resolution 0.03°C at 25°C

Table 2 Technical features of the internal temperature sensors Beside this analysis, other several sensors (tempera-ture sensors, heat meters, electrical meters) have been installed on the heating and cooling system, composed of an air/water heat pump, AHU and pho-tovoltaic and solar heating panels.

Fig 7 Average internal temperatures measured in differ-ent positions of the buildings, on a typical day of winter 2017-2018 In this way, it has been possible to characterize the efficiency of the single components and optimize the control of the system to guarantee the internal comfort and maximize the energetic performance. Some redundant sensors have been introduced, in or-der to improve the reliability of the monitoring data. Moreover, some of the instruments have an internal memory and are battery-powered, in order to assure

173

Fig. 5 Location of thermal sensors inside the technical solution of the envelope: wall and roof. The information about the geometrical and material global performances of the technological solution has been transferred on a BIM environment and are currently available on the augmented reality platform

Fig.6 Augmented reality and BIM model implemented with big data derived from sensors network Since April 2017, the sensor network has been ex-tended with several temperature sensors (Table 2), which measure the temperatures of the internal envi-ronment in different positions of the building, in order to study the trend of the internal conditions among dif-ferent seasons and to evaluate if the comfort condi-tions are homogeneously granted (Fig. 7).

Internal temperature sensors sample time 10 min accuracy ±0.35 °C from 0° to 50°C resolution 0.03°C at 25°C

Table 2 Technical features of the internal temperature sensors Beside this analysis, other several sensors (tempera-ture sensors, heat meters, electrical meters) have been installed on the heating and cooling system, composed of an air/water heat pump, AHU and pho-tovoltaic and solar heating panels.

Fig 7 Average internal temperatures measured in differ-ent positions of the buildings, on a typical day of winter 2017-2018 In this way, it has been possible to characterize the efficiency of the single components and optimize the control of the system to guarantee the internal comfort and maximize the energetic performance. Some redundant sensors have been introduced, in or-der to improve the reliability of the monitoring data. Moreover, some of the instruments have an internal memory and are battery-powered, in order to assure

the continuity of the data collection, even when the power supply is cut off (at least for short periods, as one day). The monitoring system is based on a database modular structure, which allows collecting simultaneously several signals coming from the all sensors, without a limitation on the number of input signals. The installation of the sensors network has been exe-cuted by a team of plumbers and electricians, while the set-up and the maintenance of the monitoring sys-tem is provided by a computer engineer, as it is cus-tomized and studied for research purposes. Anyway, we are studying an easier interface to improve the ac-cessibility to the monitoring data. Another collaboration between VELUX, Politecnico di Milano and Beghelli, the Italian leader of artificial light-ing, headed to the replacement of the existing lighting system with new sensored and dimmerable LED de-vices. These energy saving lights could read through single sensor ready-installed on each device the lux-value on working surfaces and then regulate its emis-sion power. They could be also remotely controlled by the central system, and all the data are collected in order to record the total amount of saving energy, compared to a traditional not-sensored/dimmered and LED lighting system (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8 The local control unit of LED devices power and energy savings recorder, placed inside VELUXlab and remote connected to Beghelli Headquarter, Bologna Furthermore, the integration of the natural light from the roof windows and the artificial light from electronic devices guarantees the internal visual comfort, all year long, and the maximum electrical consumption cut-off. At least, Beghelli provided VELUXlab with an-other small wearable and sensored device, the Sal-vavita Beghelli. This device fits the wrist of users and is able to record the their heartbeats and movements. Therefore, in case of a sudden illness, the control unit sends an alarm to the central management office, and calls directly the health emergency services. RESULTS

The quantitative results of all these experiences could be summarized per each step of the entire work of data analysis. As first, the investigation about the building behaviour as a dry layered construction set in a Mediterrean cli-mate give several interesting outcomes, both in terms of the methodology and its reliability and in terms of final results. Indeed, the analysis highlights how sometimes the provided data could be significantly in-consistent, because of technical problems on sensors functionality. The possible causes are both related strictly to the devices, and to unpredictable external factors. Due to these reasons, the performed analysis involved just seven temperature superficial sensors, in order to detect at first the consistency of data re-lated just to the envelope performances. The out-comes of the first data-mining process show how some sensors have to be frequently recalibrated, be-cause of the long lasting period of their use. Thus, an average of 65% records could be used to investigate the set problem. However, the validated data prove the achievement of high level of comfort values, inside the analysed space. This preliminary study confirm the capability of dried hyper-insulated wall to have a good behaviour not only during the colder seasons, but also in the hottest one, such as Italian summers. This qualitative evaluation, indeed, is supported by the records: comparing real values to the boundaries of ISO 7730 on inside comfort conditions, it is guaran-teed at 70% (Fig.9).

Fig. 9 BIG DATA analysis results, in summer period, which is the most critical for mediterrean climates. They are compared to the comfort categories defined by UNI 7730; *the i5 and i6 sensors show not enough con-sistency The other part of the study involves the survey and maintenance of systems, both electrical production, from March 2015 to December 2016, than heat/cool-ing productions, from April 2014 to December 2016. In particular, the sensors survey shows that the PV-energy profile of follows the normal seasonal trend, with high values in the summer, in which it reaches up to 35% of the monthly building requirement, and very

Not reliable data*

Not reliable data*

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low values in winter, due to the scarce solar radiation (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10 Monthly values of the total electricity consumption of the building and of the electricity produced by the PV panels At least, the outcomes about the LED sensored and dimmerable lights show the total amount of energy that has been saved since the installation of new de-vices. The integration of natural and artificial light al-low almost the 80% of energy consumption cut-off (Fig. 11)

Fig. 11 Online layout, freely and remotely available, of the quantitative data about the LED system; the numbers show: a) the total amount of using hours, b) the total amount of energy that would be consumed by the previ-ous traditional system, c) the currently consumed energy by the LED system, d) and e) the saved energy, in kWh and % DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Built environment is artificial. It is something that we create to live but sometimes it is totally anti-natural. In nature, we live by sensing: vision, touch, smell, taste hear and sometimes we feel well when a synaesthe-sia is present. Can we make our built environment more natural like? Can we have easy sensitive and responsive buildings, which will be, because of this, more sustainable and more comfortable? Active House is a possible strategy, beyond 2020, which is…tomorrow! Even if we think to other field of human industry – e.g. automotive, ships, aerospace –, the presence of sen-sors is increasing and creates more efficient, reliable

and safe objects. Would you imagine your car without fuel indicators? Without water pressure, oil levels in-dicators or others? Nowadays cars can stop by them-selves, have speed auto-limited controls, rear cam-eras view, etc. As this paper has shown, the same methodologies can be applied now into buildings, without being invasive. Thermal sensors, humidity, CO2, pollution particles, acoustics, fire meters could be controlled easily in multiple platform of data. This big-data are synthetized in graphical outputs, giving us the possibility to learn from our behaviour. Thus, the building could become adaptive, and, in general, active in a technical approach, to challenge quick changes, but also to control the general long-term strategies. Sensors help building to achieve and maintain high energy-efficiency standards, such as the almost 80% of electrical energy saving. In the meanwhile, an efficient data-visualization helps users to understand the functionality of the entire construc-tion and the impact of their attitude, educating them to live in this new generation of buildings. The grid of sensors incepts data in a big platform, “ad hoc” defined each time, and the BIM process guaran-tees us to have a quicker control of triple field of action, typical of an Active House: energy, comfort and envi-ronment. This is a great leap forward for building in-dustry and architecture. Volumes are no more “pas-sive”, mineral entities. They have an invisible technol-ogy inside – very reliable and every day cheaper –, which helps us to live better. References

1. The Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parlia-ment and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, Official Journal of the European Union, 53, 2010

2. Marszal, A.J., et al. (2011) Zero Energy Building—A Review of Definitions and Calculation Methodol-ogies. Energy and Buildings, 43, 971-979

3. Bell, J., “A Mixed-use Renaissance”, Mortgage Banking, Vol. 5(8), pp. 66, 2004.

4. Flynn, L., “Developing a Winning Combination”, Building Design and Construction, Vol. 44(3), pp. 26-32, 2003.

5. BPIE, Nearly zero energy buildings definitions across Europe, 2015.

6. M.M. Sesana, G. Salvalai, Overview on life cycle methodologies and economic feasibility for nZEBs, Building and Environment, 67 (2013), pp. 211-216

7. Active house standard. Available at: https://www.activehouse.info/

8. Imperadori, M., Sauchelli, M., Brambilla, A., Fal-cone, N., & Zanello, C. (2013). Comfort and En-ergy Assessment of the First Italian Nearly Zero Energy Building in a University Campus. In Sus-tainable Architecture for a Renewable Future.

9. Active House - The Specifications. Available at: www.activehouse.info

10. Analytics: The real-world use of big data. IBM In-stitute for Business Value in collaboration with

Total electrical consumption of the building

Electrical gain thanks to the PV system

175

low values in winter, due to the scarce solar radiation (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10 Monthly values of the total electricity consumption of the building and of the electricity produced by the PV panels At least, the outcomes about the LED sensored and dimmerable lights show the total amount of energy that has been saved since the installation of new de-vices. The integration of natural and artificial light al-low almost the 80% of energy consumption cut-off (Fig. 11)

Fig. 11 Online layout, freely and remotely available, of the quantitative data about the LED system; the numbers show: a) the total amount of using hours, b) the total amount of energy that would be consumed by the previ-ous traditional system, c) the currently consumed energy by the LED system, d) and e) the saved energy, in kWh and % DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Built environment is artificial. It is something that we create to live but sometimes it is totally anti-natural. In nature, we live by sensing: vision, touch, smell, taste hear and sometimes we feel well when a synaesthe-sia is present. Can we make our built environment more natural like? Can we have easy sensitive and responsive buildings, which will be, because of this, more sustainable and more comfortable? Active House is a possible strategy, beyond 2020, which is…tomorrow! Even if we think to other field of human industry – e.g. automotive, ships, aerospace –, the presence of sen-sors is increasing and creates more efficient, reliable

and safe objects. Would you imagine your car without fuel indicators? Without water pressure, oil levels in-dicators or others? Nowadays cars can stop by them-selves, have speed auto-limited controls, rear cam-eras view, etc. As this paper has shown, the same methodologies can be applied now into buildings, without being invasive. Thermal sensors, humidity, CO2, pollution particles, acoustics, fire meters could be controlled easily in multiple platform of data. This big-data are synthetized in graphical outputs, giving us the possibility to learn from our behaviour. Thus, the building could become adaptive, and, in general, active in a technical approach, to challenge quick changes, but also to control the general long-term strategies. Sensors help building to achieve and maintain high energy-efficiency standards, such as the almost 80% of electrical energy saving. In the meanwhile, an efficient data-visualization helps users to understand the functionality of the entire construc-tion and the impact of their attitude, educating them to live in this new generation of buildings. The grid of sensors incepts data in a big platform, “ad hoc” defined each time, and the BIM process guaran-tees us to have a quicker control of triple field of action, typical of an Active House: energy, comfort and envi-ronment. This is a great leap forward for building in-dustry and architecture. Volumes are no more “pas-sive”, mineral entities. They have an invisible technol-ogy inside – very reliable and every day cheaper –, which helps us to live better. References

1. The Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parlia-ment and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, Official Journal of the European Union, 53, 2010

2. Marszal, A.J., et al. (2011) Zero Energy Building—A Review of Definitions and Calculation Methodol-ogies. Energy and Buildings, 43, 971-979

3. Bell, J., “A Mixed-use Renaissance”, Mortgage Banking, Vol. 5(8), pp. 66, 2004.

4. Flynn, L., “Developing a Winning Combination”, Building Design and Construction, Vol. 44(3), pp. 26-32, 2003.

5. BPIE, Nearly zero energy buildings definitions across Europe, 2015.

6. M.M. Sesana, G. Salvalai, Overview on life cycle methodologies and economic feasibility for nZEBs, Building and Environment, 67 (2013), pp. 211-216

7. Active house standard. Available at: https://www.activehouse.info/

8. Imperadori, M., Sauchelli, M., Brambilla, A., Fal-cone, N., & Zanello, C. (2013). Comfort and En-ergy Assessment of the First Italian Nearly Zero Energy Building in a University Campus. In Sus-tainable Architecture for a Renewable Future.

9. Active House - The Specifications. Available at: www.activehouse.info

10. Analytics: The real-world use of big data. IBM In-stitute for Business Value in collaboration with

Total electrical consumption of the building

Electrical gain thanks to the PV system

Said Business School at the University of Oxford. 2012

Acknowledgements The authors of this paper would like to thank the AEC companies involved in the design process, as first the VELUX Group. Many thanks also to all the professio-nists, architects, engineers, experts, professors, re-searchers and students that took part in all the cited experiences: Lone Feifer, Marco Soravia, Erika Galdi, Serafino Ruperto, Manuela Grecchi, Mario Motta, Gianpaolo Cugola, Valentina Gallotti, Michele Sau-chelli, Arianna Brambilla, Matteo Zanchi, Alessandro Sivieri, Andrea Vanossi, Roberto Francieri, Pietro Ta-gliabue, Matteo Brasca, Ilenio Mordenti, Lorenzo Bal-dini, Massimiliano Grandi, Nicola Falcone, Davide Della Croce, Alessandra Di Maggio, Matteo Lazza-rotto, Andrea Nulli, Francesco Salvetti, Micheal Giu-stra, Giulia Zanardi, Matteo Giussani, Roberto Magoni, Ilaria Ponti, Nicholas Carissimi, Poalo Giana, Luigi Guzzoni and Daniele Occhiuto.