International ConferenceLow-cost, electricity generating heat

engines for rural areas

Dr. Teodoro SanchezEnergy technology Advisor

Field research into the cooking habits in rural areas of

Nepal and Uganda

Purpose:To understand the cooking and lighting habits, the energy sources involved and the people’s perception regarding benefits, constrains and challenges, in order to set the social requirements for the design of a successful SCORE stove

Methodology: Survey research

Filed research

General background

Common features•Landlocked countries•Poor•Majority of their populations are rural•Diverse geographical conditions

Common features•Landlocked countries•Poor•Majority of their populations are rural•Diverse geographical conditions

Sample survey

Uganda sample•471 interviews

•South •Central•North•West •East

Nepal sample •360 interviews

•Mountains•Hill

•Terai

Information gathered

•Household demographics, education, housing and living conditions, asset ownership, •access to water and sanitation,•agricultural production,•income and expenditures,•sources of energy mostly for cooking and lighting, •type of biomass using as a source of energy, •type of cooking stove, type of pot used, •need and interest of people for modern energy services (electricity, high efficiency and clean cooking)•others

Findings

Nepal Uganda

1) Family size (number of members)

Housing

Nepal Uganda

• Number of rooms in each house (1-9)

• But 72% of the houses have 2 or 3

rooms

• In the mountain region families tend to

have smaller house with fewer rooms

(27 % had a single room and 39 % had

two rooms.

• In the other two regions only about 5%

had a house with 1 room.

• Number of rooms per family varies

from to 2 to 7

• The west region had the larger

number of rooms (average 4.8), the

central region the lower average of

2.8

Lighting

Energy sources for lighting Nepal Uganda

electricity 62.80% 8%

kerosene

30% 58%

average weekly consumption, 0.4 litre per family

average weekly consumption, 3 litre per family

other – candles and batteries 7.20% 12% (10% using candles)

biomass 0 22%

hours of lighting average 2.5 per day average 2.75 per day

Cooking

Nepal Uganda Type of fuels•47% of respondents use wood for all their cooking needs•25% use wood for 2/3 of their cooking needs•28% use a combination of agricultural residues, leaves, twigs, etc.Quantity15 kg per person per weekNumber of meals3 or 4 Time spent on collection of wood About 10.5 hours per week

Number of pots used for cooking

Nepal Uganda

• For breakfast 80% use one pot

respondents, 18% use 2% use 2

or 3 pots

• For lunch and dinner about

50% use 2 pots and the other

50% use 3 pots

• For breakfast most people use 1

or 2 pots

• For lunch and dinner most

people use 2 pots or 3 pots

Fuel size

Nepal Uganda

• 58% use firewood 3-6cm thick

• about 31% use wood bigger than

6 cm thick.

• 10% did not know

• 24% use firewood less than 3cm

thick,

• 29% per cent used wood 3 to 6 cm

thick

• 35% per cent used wood thicker than

6cm

• 12% did not know

Type of pots

Nepal Uganda 97% use cylindrical shape pots 3% use non-cylindrical shape pots

Typical pot used in Nepal

• 65% use non-cylindrical pots• And 35% use cylindrical shape

commercial pots

Opinion of the interviewees about priority characteristics of good stove

Features of stove Priority in Nepal Priority in Uganda

Saves fuel 1 3

Cooks quickly 3 1

Smokeless 2 4

Many pots N/A 2

Low cost 5 5

Warms house 4 8

Portable N/A 6

Small N/A 7

Set of requirements according for a good stove

Attribute Requirements

Efficiency High efficiency Smoke reduction Use of chimney Number of pots ThreeSize of firewood To accommodate a range wood sizes, up to 8cm in diameter

Cooking position Preferably seatedCost Not determined

Size of the stove Small Provision of hot

waterConvenient in some case but not very important

Provision of space heating

It is important for cold places (Nepali Mountains)

Simplicity and safety Simple to use, simple to adjust or repair and safety is required.

Design Robust, stable on their position

Spare parts Availability of spare parts and ease of maintenanceInformation Operating instructions available in local languages

Thank you for your attention