International Committee of the Red Cross July 2011 News and Notes

8/6/2019 International Committee of the Red Cross July 2011 News and Notes

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International Committee of the Red CrossRegional Delegation for the United States and Canada

In This Issue:

ICRC Policy on Torture:Interview with EdouardDelaplaceICRC Washington's Work onDetentionConfidentiality - A CrucialApproach for the ICRCICRC News from

Around the Globe

AfghanistanBrazilGeorgiaHaitiIraqKuwaitLibyaPakistanPeruSomaliaSouth SudanSudanSyria

Yemen

Zimbabwe

NEW ICRCPhoto Gallery :Improving Living Conditions forInmates in Haiti

In this photo gallery, we share with

you a recent detention success story.Working closely together withHaiti 'sprison administration, the ICRC has

just completed major repair andrefurbishing work on the "Titanic"wing of Port-au-Prince prison, thelargest place of confinement in thecountry with a capacity of over 2,000people. The completion of this projectprovides improved living conditionsfor hundreds of detainees.

News and NotesJuly 2011

This month we focus on the issue ofdetention. As part of itsmandate to ensure humanitarian protection and assistance forvictims of armed conflict and other situations of violence, theICRCvisits both prisoners of war and civilians interned duringarmed conflict. The objective of its visits is to ensure respect

for the life and dignity of the detainees. Detention-relatedactivities are a central of the ICRC's work. In 2010, ICRCdelegates visited 500,928 detainees held in 1,783 places ofdetention in 71 countries and in 5 different international courts.First we present you with aninterviewwith Edouard Delaplace, whoadvises the ICRC's Geneva-based Unit for Persons Deprived ofLiberty. Last month, we shared the ICRC's new policy on torture.Here, Mr. Delaplace provides additional details on what the policymeans for the detainees. We also take this opportunity to direct yourattention to the results of asurvey conducted by the American RedCross this April on the views of Americans on torture.Moving from global to local, we take a look at thework of ICRCWashington on U.S. detention related to armed conflict.RalphWehbe, Guantanamo Team leader from 2009 to 2011, shares hisexperiences in coordinating visits to the island.Lastly, we highlight a key facet of the ICRC's work on detention, whichforms a cornerstone of the organization's approach to carrying out itsmandate: confidentiality. Our emphasis on bilateral dialogue enablesus to engage substantively and directly with those who detain.Confidentiality, however, is often misunderstood. We take thisopportunity to explain why the ICRC has chosen this method toachieve concrete results.

As always, pleasewrite uswith your thoughts and feedback.
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2/7

In this picture, an ICRC engineerexplains the new water system toprison guards.

For more pictures of this project, clickhere.

UPDATED ICRCPublication:Restoring Links BetweenDispersed Family Members

This newleafletsummarizes the

problems faced by families who havebeen separated by conflict. It includesa description of the methods used torestore family links, reunite separatedfamilies and ascertain the status ofdetainees and missing persons.

NEW ICRCFilm: Broken FamilyTies

Underinternational humanitarian law,detainees held in an armed conflictmust be treated humanely andallowed contact with their families. InJune 2007, Israeli authoritiessuspended family visits for detainees

ICRC Policy on Torture: An Interview with EdouardDelaplaceLast month, tocommemorateInternational Day inSupport of Victims ofTorture, we sharedwith you the ICRC'snew operationalpolicyon torture and cruel,

inhuman or degradingtreatment inflicted onpersons deprived ofliberty. With theadoption of this policy,the ICRC reaffirmedits strong commitmentto the fight against thispractice, all toowidespread in

detention facilities. In thisinterview, Edouard Delaplace, whoadvises the organization's Geneva-based Unit for PersonsDeprived of Liberty, explains what the ICRC's approach aims

to achieve for detainees.First, could you summarize the ICRC's position ontorture?The ICRC's position is very clear:tortureconstitutes anintolerable outrage upon the victims themselves and uponhuman dignity. It is and must be prohibited absolutely. Tortureconstitutes a flagrant violation ofinternational humanitarian lawand the international human rights law. However, it is not onlya reflection of the law - it is first and foremost our profoundconviction based on ethical considerations and a sense ofhumanity. No grounds, be they political, economic, cultural orreligious, can justify torture or other forms of ill-treatment. Norcan torture be justified on the grounds of national security.

Yet, torture is very widespread. There is no country, no society todaythat is entirely immune from this phenomenon in one form or another.In some cases, we may be talking about a single, isolated act in apolice station or a prison, and in others a systematic, institutionalizedpractice.After more than a century of visits to detainees, the ICRC possessesa large body of knowledge on the subject of torture. In recent years,over 500,000 people have been visited by the ICRC in some 80countries. Every day we see the distress and dehumanization ofthousands of people who have been physically and mentallydamaged, sometimes beyond repair. It is this firsthand contact withtorture victims that has forged our conviction and strengthened our willto actively fight against this scourge.Practically speaking, what does the ICRC do to helptorture victims?The ICRC's work is based on thevisitsit makes to peopledeprived of their liberty to assess the conditions in which theyare held and the way they are being treated. Of course, ourpresence alone is not always enough to stop or prevent ill-treatment, but people in detention often tell us that these visitsprovide them with a welcome respite.For men and women detainees who have been tortured, a visitby an ICRC delegate provides reassurance that someonerecognizes their existence and their suffering. Helping thosepeople recover a sense of their dignity by speaking to them,giving them time and attention, is the first thing an ICRCdelegate does when he meets someone who is in prison.These visits are sometimes an opportunity for a man or woman

who has suffered ill-treatment to see a doctor. They also
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fromGaza. The decision was made ayear after Palestinian armed groupscaptured the Israeli soldierGiladShalit , who has been in captivitywithout family contact for over 5years. Family visits are an essentiallifeline to the outside world. See therecent ICRC press releasedemanding proof of life of Gilad Shalitand to allow family contact. Thisfilmportrays two cases of broken family

ties in Gaza and the importance offamily visits for detainees.

ICRC Detention Visits

The ICRC follows the same standardprocedures for all visits to personsdeprived of liberty, listed below. Formore information on the history,purpose and characteristics ofdetention visits, we encourage you toreadProtection of Detainees: ICRC

Action Behind Bars, by AlainAeschlimann's, former head of theICRC's Central Tracing Agency andProtection Division.- In confidential discussions with theauthorities before and after each visit,delegates raise concerns and makerecommendations where appropriate.- ICRC delegates must have accessto all cells where detainees are heldand other facilities used by detainees,such as kitchens, showers, infirmariesand punishment cells.

- ICRC delegates must be able tospeak privately with each and everydetainee of their choice.- The ICRC registers detainees fallingwithin its area of concern individually,so as to be able to monitor thesituation of each person as long as heor she remains in captivity.- The ICRC must be allowed to repeatits visits as frequently as it chooses.

Upcoming EventsHealth Emergencies in LargePopulations (H.E.L.P) Courses

A multicultural and multidisciplinarylearning experience created toenhance professionalism inhumanitarian assistance programmesconducted in emergency situations.July 11-29Baltimore/USAJuly 11-22Hawaii/USA5th Annual InternationalHumanitarian Law DialogsAugust 28-30Co-sponsored by and held at the

Robert H. Jackson Center at the

enable the ICRC to provide detainees with humanitarianservices, such as theopportunity to contact and exchangenews with loved ones through Red Cross Messages (RCMs).Outside places of detention, the ICRC aims to act moreconsistently and on a greater scale to offer victimsrehabilitation. It is increasingly working with organizations thatspecialize in this field. In addition, the organization also workswith national authorities to help them improve the practices oftheir officials with regard to detainees.Lastly, how can the ICRC help eradicate torture? Can yougive us a few examples?Torture is an extremely complex phenomenon. Its prevalence,or otherwise, may be influenced by a wide range of factorsinvolving individuals, the law, the mechanisms of governance,and ethical convictions. The ICRC takes a comprehensiveapproach, the primary aim of which is to provide victims withprotection, assistance and rehabilitation. At the same time,however, it works to create a legal, institutional and ethicalenvironment conducive to stopping these practices, and wheresuch an environment already exists, to bolster it.In terms of the legal environment, the ICRC tries to ensure thatthe prohibition on torture and other forms of ill-treatmentbecomes an integral part of national constitutions and thatthese rules are incorporated at the various levels concerned.

When it comes to the institutional environment, there needs tobe monitoring and disciplinary measures in place, and theseneed to be effective. The ICRC works with a variety of entitiesto strengthen these mechanisms.Bolstering the ethical environment is perhaps the biggestchallenge of all. Where certain values are not deeply rooted insociety, it is much more difficult to have an impact on thephenomenon of ill-treatment. For the ICRC, ethical argumentsshould therefore be at the forefront. It is vital to be able toinfluence the debate on torture if we are to have a chance ofmaking a real impact.

ICRC Washington's Work on DetentionThe ICRC has been visiting people captured in the context ofarmed conflict and the fight against terrorism who are beingheld at U.S. detention facilities in Afghanistan and inGuantanamo Bay since January 2002 and in Iraq since March2003. When ourWashington-based teamconducts its visits atGuantanamo Bay, it adheres to the same detention proceduresfollowed by the organization worldwide; for more informationon these, see the side bar at left.As of July 2011, the ICRC has carried out a total of 81 visits tothe detention facility at Guantanamo Bay. The 171 individualscurrently being held on the island originate from 24 differentcountries.To provide some insight into the work ofICRC Washington onU.S. conflict-related detention, we first share an interview withRalph Wehbe, ICRC Washington's Detention Coordinator from2009 until earlier this month.Interview with Ralph Wehbe, outgoing DetentionCoordinator for ICRC Washington
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4/7

Chautauqua Institution in New York,this event is a historic gathering ofrenowned international prosecutorsfrom Nuremberg through present dayand leading professionals in theinternational criminal law field. It willallow participants and the public toengage in meaningful dialogconcerning past and contemporarycrimes against humanity, and the roleof modern international criminal law.

Call for applications: 16th coursein IHL for humanitarianprofessionals and policy-makersSeptember 19-24TheICRCregional delegation forKenya, Djibouti and Tanzania calls forapplications for its 16th course ininternational humanitarian law (IHL)for humanitarian professionals andpolicy-makers. Held in Naivasha,Kenya.

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Photostream withphotos from Iraq.

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YouTubeICRC Mission

The ICRC is an impartial, neutral, andindependent organization whoseexclusively humanitarian mission is to

protect the lives and dignity of victimsof war and internal violence and toprovide them with assistance.

As Detention Coordinator forthe Protection (PROT) teamin Washington, RalphWehbe was in charge of ourvisits to Guantanamo Bayfor the last two and a halfyears.First, could you explainwhat the Protectiondepartment does inWashington?

The PROT departmentserves as the focal pointwith the U.S. Government

for matters related to U.S. detention in Guantanamo,Afghanistan and Iraq. It interacts with the relevant authoritieson protection matters of ICRC concern.The department focuses on visits to Guantanamo Bay, whichare carried out four times a year on average. Up to 20delegates, including Arabic, Pashto and Urdu interpreters, inaddition to physicians, legal advisors and specialists,participate in each visit. These visits can last up to threeweeks. They aim mostly at assessing the overall situation inthe facility and providing humanitarian services to theinternees, including maintaining contact between detaineesand their families.In addition, the team conducts ad-hoc visits. During mymission, I traveled to GTMO whenever needed, in case oftransfers or resettlements to third countries. That is when weconduct pre-departure interviews to offer the internee a chanceto express concerns, if any, about his safety, well-being orpersecution in the country where he will be repatriated to orresettled in. Whenever appropriate, we then share theseconcerns with the authorities.So, in that context, could you explain your work asDetention Coordinator over the past few years?

My main tasks as a "Co/Det," as I was known, in these visitscan be split into three phases: before; during; and after. It is acontinuous cycle. Preparations for the next visit startimmediately at the end of the previous one.Before the visit, my main task is to work on the administrativeaspects. It takes a lot of preparation to make one visit happen.For instance, we must first identify the delegates who will takepart in the visit. This is based on the languages and skill setsneeded. Then we have to get these people to Guantanamo, nosmall task since we are talking about 20 people who livearound the world.During the visit, I brief participating delegates. I then monitorand guide our daily activities by supervising and leading thedetention team. Throughout, I am the focal point for thedetaining authorities on the ground. All this is done in closecoordination with our management in Washington and Geneva.
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The mostimportant taskof any visit is,of course, tospeak with thedetainees.That meanslistening tothem andallowing themto benefit from

a the widerange ofhumanitarianservices we provide. Those include Red Cross Messages aswell as phone calls and video tele-conferences with theirfamilies. Ultimately, we end the visit with a clear understandingof the situation in the facility, including material conditions,treatment, health situation, and legal developments. Thisallows us to engage in a confidential dialogue with theauthorities and provide practical recommendations aimed atimproving the detainees' overall condition of detention. After avisit, the reporting and writing begin; and then it is already timeto start all over again.

How do you look at Guantanamo after two and a half yearsspent working on this complex file?Over the years, there has been substantive dialogue betweenthe ICRC and the U.S. on the issue of detention related toarmed conflict and counter-terrorism operations. There havebeen differences of opinion, particularly regarding the legalframework applicable to persons detained in the fight againstterrorism. We welcomed the three detention-related ExecutiveOrders issued by President Obama on January 22, 2009 as anopportunity for a thorough review of the status of all detaineesand of the conditions and procedures governing theirinternment.We strongly believe that a detainee's welfare depends on his

ability to stay in contact with his family members. We dedicatesignificant resources restoring and maintaining family linksbetween detainees and their relatives. We have facilitated theexchange of thousands of Red Cross Messages betweendetainees and their families. We have set up a system thatenables detainees to regularly speak to their families bytelephone. This is facilitated by ICRC delegations and NationalRed Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world. Itwas implemented by U.S. authorities in April 2008. Over 1,300telephone calls have been made since we started thisprogram.From a legal perspective, we maintain that persons captured orarrested within the context of the fight against terrorism musttake place within a clear and appropriate framework. Noperson should be deprived of his freedom or interrogatedoutside a legal framework. For the ICRC, the detention ofpersons in connection with an international armed conflict isgoverned byinternational humanitarian law. In particular, therules set out in the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventionsshould be adhered to. The detention of people in connectionwith a non-international armed conflict is governed by Article 3common to the four Geneva Conventions, the rules ofcustomary international humanitarian law, Additional Protocol IIwhere ratified, and applicable provisions of international humanrights law and domestic law.Historically in the context of U.S. detention, we have adopted acase-by-case approach to determine whether situations arising
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from the fight against terrorism amount to armed conflict or not.Today in GTMO, and elsewhere, we believe that the status ofeach detainee should be determined on the basis of the rulesapplicable to the situation in which he was captured.As you look back, what are your best memories? Being allowed to photograph the internees so that they couldsend their portraits to their families was important. The firstvideo tele-conference between an internee in GTMO and hisfamily in Tunisia was also a significant accomplishment. Theseservices have an immensely positive impact.Where are you heading next?

I will join our team in Colombo. A main task will be to clarify thefate of persons who went missing throughout the conflict yearsin Sri Lanka. The protection department in Colombo also workson detention and I will be involved in that. It is difficult to leave friendsand colleagues in Washington, with whom I shared some very intensemoments in the course of our humanitarian work, but I also lookforward to this new mission.

Confidentiality - A Crucial Approach for the ICRC

Confidentialityis an essential tool thatenables the ICRC to helppeople affected byinsecurity, violence andarmed conflict. AsDominik Stillhart, ICRCDeputy Director ofOperations, explains,"the ICRC works in a lotof places and contextswhere outside scrutinyand criticism are oftenunwelcome.Confidentiality is the keythat enables the ICRC toopen doors that wouldotherwise remain shut,giving us access topeople in need and

places that many other organizations cannot reach."

Wherever the ICRC visits places of detention, it uses thisworking method to discuss findings and observations aboutconditions of detention and treatment of detainees directly withthe authorities in charge. ICRC visits to US detention facilitiesin Afghanistan, Iraq and Guantanamo Bay are no exception.

The purpose of the ICRC's policy ofconfidentialityis to ensurethat the organization obtains - and maintains - access todetainees around the world held in highly sensitive situations ofarmed conflict or other violence. The ICRC's lack of publiccomment on the conditions of detention and the treatment ofdetainees in the more than 70 countries where it visits placesof detention can not be interpreted to mean that theorganization has no concerns. Working outside the spotlight ofmedia attention often makes it easier for the ICRC and thedetaining authorities to achieve concrete progress in places ofdetention.

Furthermore, the ICRC fears that information divulged about its

findings in places of detention could easily be exploited for
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Documents

International Committee of the Red Cross July 2011 News and Notes