Finalised - DBAB205391 22 / © Wärtsilä

INTERNAL USE ONLY

IWW/BK, May 30, 2013 1

“Greening” of Inland shipping is a must. Various options to do so are available of which LNG propulsion is the only option today, that not only offers very much reduced emissions, but also has a pay-back.

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Finalised - DBAB205391 22 / © Wärtsilä

INTERNAL USE ONLY

LNG powered Inland vessels today, who is next ?

2012 “Argonon”

2x CAT DF conversion

2013 “Greenstream” & “Greenrhine”

“Scania” – Gas-Electric

2014 “Eiger” - Refit

Wärtsilä 2x 6L20DF -FPP

2014 “Sirocco”

Wärtsilä 1 x 8L20DF -FPP

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Finalised - DBAB205391 22 / © Wärtsilä

INTERNAL USE ONLY

Ways to reduce missions

FPP

GE

AR

OPTIMAL HYDRODYNAMICS

•Proper match of propeller to engine & operating profile

•Hydrodynamic integration of nozzle & rudders into hull

ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES

•Miller timing

•Variable valve timing

AFTER TREATMENT

•SCR

•Scrubbers

•Soot filters

“FUEL” TECHNOLOGIES

•H2 injection

•air humidification

•water in fuel emulsion

• LNG

SAIL SMART!

Reduce fuel consumption

Reduce emissions!

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Finalised - DBAB205391 22 / © Wärtsilä

INTERNAL USE ONLY

LNG as main fuel – options

• 95/ 5% Designed Duel Fuel Engines

– Pro : Dedicated DF design, reliable, durable, safe (double wall)

– Con: Initial costs (but savings in redundancy and Machinery room)

• 80/ 20% Converted Diesel Engines / after treatment

– Pro: Suitable for retrofit

– Con: After treatment needed to meet (expected) emission limits

• 100% LNG (HS) Engines in LNG/ Electric configurations

– Pro : Flexible, allows for alternative propulsors

– Con: High initial costs, Electric losses

• Electric Hybrid Solutions, Gas Engine or Dual-Fuel based

– Pro : Flexible, allows for alternative vessel arrangements

– Con: High initial costs, Electric losses

Advanced Technology Conference 2013 – Inland Navigation Koen Vonk/ Bram Kruyt / 07-11-2013 Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Finalised - DBAB205391 22 / © Wärtsilä

INTERNAL USE ONLY

Typical pay-back times for LNG powered vessels

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Ave

rage

use

d P

ow

er [k

W]

Running Hours [h]

1x10^3 MWh

2x10^3 MWh

4x10^3 MWh

8x10^3 MWh

16x10^3 MWh

Push Boats

135 m Rhine & ARA

110 m Rhine & ARA

< 80m Rhine & ARA

Koppelverband

FOR DIRECT DUAL-FUEL PROPULSION

5

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Doc.ID: Revision: Status: © Wärtsilä 8 /

Gas Liquid fuel

10-15%

Liquid fuel

SOx (relative)

100%

~0% Gas

NOx (relative) 100%

Gas Liquid fuel

Particulates (relative)

100%

0-5%

Theoretical 20-25%

lower CO2 compared

to diesel fuel (not in

practice)

Gas Liquid fuel

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

as CO2 equivalents

100% Engine specific

contribution from

increased CO2

and methane slip

LNG Engines – Typical reduction of emissions

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Doc.ID: Revision: Status: © Wärtsilä 8 /

Typical operation area for modern Lean Burn

medium speed gas engines

High engine power

Low NOx

Low diesel-to-gas ratio (micropilot) => low CO2

Low fuel consumption => low CO2

Slightly increased methane slip

Low GWP as CO2 Equivalents as a result of high

thermal efficiency and low diesel-to-gas ratio

Air - fuel ratio

Th

erm

al e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

NO

x (

g/k

Wh

)

1

En

gin

e p

ow

er

(kW

)

Engin

e m

isfiring

Lean Burn

Typical operation areas for high speed gas engines

Often converted from ”old” diesel engines

Low engine power

High NOx

High diesel-to-gas ratio => high CO2

High fuel consumption => high CO2

Some methane slip

High GWP as CO2 Equivalents as a result of low

thermal efficiency and high diesel-to-gas ratio

Me

than

e s

lip

(g

/kW

h)

GW

P a

s C

O2 E

qu

iva

len

ts (

g/k

Wh

)

~1,6 > 2

Engine Knocking

LNG Engines – Typical mix of emissions

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK

Finalised - DBAB205391 22 / © Wärtsilä

Experience : Dual-Fuel applications – References

6 segments >1000 Engines > 10’000’000 running hours

Power

Plants

DF Power Plant

57 installations

225 engines

Online

since1997

Merchant

LNGC

• 121 vessels

• 481 engines

Conversion

• 1 Chem. Tanker

• 2 engines conv.

• Complete gas

train

• Complete

design

Offshore

PSVs/FPSOs

• 20 vessels

• 93 engines

• Online from

1994

New orders:

• Harvey Gulf;

the first 5 LNG-

PSV to be

operated in the

Gulf of Mexico!

Cruise

and Ferry

LNG ferries

• 1 vessels

• 4 engines per

vessel

• Complete gas

train

• 2800

passengers

• In service early

2013

Navy

Coastal Patrol

• DF-propulsion

• DF main and

auxiliary

engines

Others

IWW

• 2 vessel

• 3 engines (6

and 8L20DF)

• 1 pusher option

(4x6L20DF)

TUG

• 2 vessel

• 2 engines each

• Mechanical

drive

Specific W20 Experience:

> 80 engines delivered

> 570 cylinders delivered

> 50 000 running hours in the field

Workshop Basel, May 21 2015/ BK