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Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties. Chemistry Unit 6. Non-Polar Covalent Compounds. Examples : O 2 , CH 4 , CO 2 Types of particles: 2 or more non-metals IMF’s = Dispersion Physical state – can be s, l, or g – depends on molecular weight (MW) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Intermolecular Forces andIntermolecular Forces andPhysical PropertiesPhysical Properties
ChemistryChemistry
Unit 6Unit 6
Non-Polar Covalent CompoundsNon-Polar Covalent Compounds
ExamplesExamples:: O O22, CH, CH44, CO, CO22
Types of particles:Types of particles: 2 or more non-metals 2 or more non-metals
IMF’sIMF’s = Dispersion = Dispersion
Physical statePhysical state – can be s, l, or g – – can be s, l, or g – depends on molecular weight (MW)depends on molecular weight (MW)
Melting/Boiling PtsMelting/Boiling Pts. – very low to low. – very low to low
Solubility in waterSolubility in water – Not soluble – Not soluble
ConductivityConductivity – poor to non conducting. – poor to non conducting.
Polar Covalent CompoundsPolar Covalent CompoundsExamplesExamples: H: H22S, HCl, HS, HCl, H22OO
Types of particlesTypes of particles: usually 2 or more non-: usually 2 or more non-metalsmetals
IMF’sIMF’s = Dipole-Dipole and maybe hydrogen = Dipole-Dipole and maybe hydrogen bondsbonds
Physical statePhysical state – can be s, l, or g – depends on – can be s, l, or g – depends on molecular weight (MW)molecular weight (MW)
Melting/Boiling PtsMelting/Boiling Pts. – low to medium. – low to medium
Solubility in waterSolubility in water – most are soluble – most are soluble
ConductivityConductivity – Do not conduct. – Do not conduct.
Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
ExamplesExamples: NaCl, MgO: NaCl, MgOTypes of particlesTypes of particles: Metal and Non-metal: Metal and Non-metalIMF’sIMF’s = Ionic bonds = Ionic bondsPhysical statePhysical state – crystalline solids, brittle – crystalline solids, brittleMelting/Boiling Pts.Melting/Boiling Pts. – very high – very highSolubility in waterSolubility in water – most are soluble – most are solubleConductivityConductivity – conduct as liquids or when – conduct as liquids or when dissolved in water..dissolved in water..
MetallicMetallic
ExamplesExamples: Al, Cu, Fe: Al, Cu, Fe
Types of particlesTypes of particles: cations in sea of electrons: cations in sea of electrons
IMF’sIMF’s = metallic bonds = metallic bonds
Physical statePhysical state – all solids except Hg – all solids except Hg
Melting/Boiling Pts.Melting/Boiling Pts. – variable – depends on – variable – depends on charge and sizecharge and size
Solubility in waterSolubility in water – Not soluble – Not soluble
ConductivityConductivity – conduct as solids or liquids – conduct as solids or liquids
Covalent Network CompoundsCovalent Network CompoundsSome covalently bonded substances DO NOT form discrete molecules.
Diamond, a network of covalently bonded carbon atoms
Graphite, a network of covalently bonded carbon atoms
Network Covalent SolidsNetwork Covalent SolidsNetwork solidsNetwork solids – solids in which – solids in which all the atomsall the atoms are covalently are covalently bonded to bonded to each othereach otherNetwork solids melt at very high Network solids melt at very high temperatures, or not at all temperatures, or not at all (decomposes)(decomposes)
– Diamond does not really melt, but Diamond does not really melt, but vaporizes to a gas at 3500 vaporizes to a gas at 3500 ooC and C and beyondbeyond
– SiC, used in grinding, has a melting SiC, used in grinding, has a melting point of about 2700 point of about 2700 ooC C
Network CovalentNetwork Covalent
ExamplesExamples: Carbon, Silicon, SiO: Carbon, Silicon, SiO22, C, C6060
Types of particlesTypes of particles: usually single atoms: usually single atoms
IMF’sIMF’s = covalent bonds = covalent bonds
Physical statePhysical state – solids – solids
Melting/Boiling PtsMelting/Boiling Pts. – very high. – very high
Solubility in waterSolubility in water – Not soluble – Not soluble
Conductivity Conductivity – poor to non conducting.– poor to non conducting.
Diamond vs. GraphiteDiamond vs. GraphiteDifferent properties due to how it is bonded.Different properties due to how it is bonded.
Diamond – very hard, high mp- carbons 4 bonds Diamond – very hard, high mp- carbons 4 bonds eacheach
Graphite – soft solid –carbons have 3 bondsGraphite – soft solid –carbons have 3 bonds
BuckyBalls – CBuckyBalls – C6060
Allotropes of CarbonAllotropes of Carbon
Allotropes of carbon Link
Types of Molecular SolidsTypes of Molecular Solids
CovalentMolecular
(H2O)
CovalentNetwork
(SiO2 - quartz)
Amorphous(SiO2 - glass)