Interministerial Training Center for the Fight Against Drug · Interministerial Training Center for the ... Precursors are chemicals or reagents needed to produce illicit drugs and

CourseCatalogue

Interministerial Training Center for the Fight Against Drug

AVANT-PROPOS

The Interministerial Training Centre for the Fight Against Drugs (CiFAD) was created on 30 September 1992 in Fort-de-France, Martinique, to combat drug trafficking in the French West Indies/French Guiana and the Caribbean, to assist in reducing drugs supply and to prevent addictive behaviour.

CiFAD is an operator of the Interdepartmental Mission for the Fight Against Drugs and Drug Addiction (MiLDT), tasked with training and cooperation.

Every year, the CiFAD organises around 70 anti-drug and addictive-behaviour prevention initiatives for the French Departments of the Americas and the governments of Caribbean and Latin American States, particu-larly those located along the cocaine route to France and Europe. Its objective is to reinforce skills and interna-tional cooperation in the fight against drugs by facilitating expertise swapping. CiFAD works in close collabo-ration with the French embassies and the network of Police Attachés and Customs Attachés posted in the area.

CiFAD is funded by France via the MiLDT but for some of its activities, it receives additional financial contribu-tions from host governments and international bodies. This financial partnership allows CiFAD to strenghthen and diversify its activities and training programs.

This non-exhaustive catalogue offers an overview of CiFAD's training courses. They can be fully adapted to meets partners' expectations in terms of duration, primary focus area (new courses, courses combining seve-ral primary focus areas, use of outside experts) and format (course, conference, seminar, delegation briefing). CiFAD also offers "drug detection dog techniques" consultancy.

The catalogue and attached descriptions also specify the prerequisites for implementation, such as minimum numbers, participant profiles and organisational constraints. They altogether guarantee the success and bene-fits of the training sessions.

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MODES OFTRANSPORT

FIGHT AGAINST LARGE-SCALE TRAFFICKING

PREVENTION

INVESTIGATIONRESOURCES

CRIMINALIINVESTIGATION

Thematic scope ofTraining Programmes

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Air targeting and checks -passengers & cargo

Targeting & checks of shipping containers

Selecting and searching merchant vessels

Selecting and searching recreational vessels

Checking means of land transport

Air transport is a fast and flexible way for criminal organisations to send drugs anywhere on the planet. The quantities transported can vary from a few kilos on travellers to a few hundred kilos in air cargo.Air targeting focuses checks on passengers and cargo that present the highest risk.

Criminal organisations frequently choose this mode of transport, a symbol of globalisation.It represents a major portion of drug seizures at the international level. It is popular because it allows large quantities to be shipped, offers multimodality and low transport costs and is difficult to check.Analysis and targeting techniques offer a response to the significant costs involved by ratio-nalising checks and optimising resources.

Merchant vessel checks involve special requirements and restrictions that need to be prepared for. These include having a sound knowledge of the port and the maritime environ-ment and adequate techniques to perform work at heights, in confined spaces, and immersed in sometimes perilous safety conditions.

Recreational vessels in the Caribbean and the Atlantic remain one of criminal organisations' favourite means of smuggling cocaine from producer areas to consumer countries, via transit areas. A discerning selection therefore involves gathering and managing information and collecting suspicious items. Security, boarding, searching and methodology are all indispensable assets for successful checks.

This form of daily checks usually takes place in sensitive border zones or further inland. It involves all forces in charge of the fight against drugs. Checking private and commercial vehicles in an efficient way is directly linked to compliance with safety regulations and profi-ciency in selection, interception, analysis and search techniques.

MODES

OF

TRANSPORT

Crime analysis

GSM-IP

Forensic services

CRIMINAL

INVESTIGATIONS

Analysing and using itemised phone bills and means of communication used by drug traffic-kers are essential tools for investigation services.By cross-referencing this data with items found during investigations, the targeted criminal organisation can be precisely mapped out: perpetrators and accomplices, links, residences, vehicles, means of communication, bank accounts, etc.

The use of new technology by criminal organisations presents a new challenge for anti-drug forces.The success of a criminal investigation now relies on the expertise acquired in such fields as investigation techniques, knowledge of protocols used, and tools for accessing GSM data, IP addresses and satellite telecommunications.

Scientific progress has made it possible for judicial enquiries to identify individuals involved in criminal activities.Using these tools, however, requires strict prior management of crime scenes and absolute respect for protocols governing collection and preservation of evidence, clues and samples.

Money laundering & seizure of criminal assets

Drug trafficking generates a large amount of cash, which criminal organisation then launder and re-feed through legal economic and financial channels before they can use it, often building up substantial wealth.Services need to be able to identify mechanisms used for laundering and establish the crimi-nal origin of these assets before seizing them, thereby depriving criminals of the proceeds of their illicit activities.

The traditional methods of surveillance, tracking and questioning form the basis of any criminal investigation.These operational activities cannot be approximated and require consideration of security regulations, teamwork skills on the field and a good knowledge of all intervention techniques.

Questioning and searching are two key aspects of investigation in regards to developing an enquiry, obtaining evidence, detailing the crimes, and confounding suspects. The two investigation techniques are highly regulated by law and must be meticulously prepared, implemented and carried out with perspicacity and professionalism.

Surveillance and tracking techniques

Questioning and search techniques

Drugs at high sea

Precursors and their uses

FIGHT

AGAINST

TRAFFICKING

The French maritime affairs agency implements an original and innovative method to combat drugs. It brings together all state maritime players, resources and skills in order to intercept modes of sea transport used for drug smuggling in national and international maritime areas.

The fight against precursor trafficking is both a counter-drug strategy and a public health imperative.Precursors are chemicals or reagents needed to produce illicit drugs and psychoactive substances. A detailed knowledge of the various products, how they are used, their packa-ging, their origins, how they are circulated and their classifications is an invaluable asset in the fight against drugs.

PREVENTION Addictive-behaviour prevention

Awareness of drug trafficking for sea users

Introduction to drugs, geostrategyThe first step to fight drugs and drug addiction is a sound knowledge of the various types of drugs available: description, packaging, identification, effects and consequences of use.A specific presentation of the geostrategy, trafficking players, means of transport and concealment methods completes this approach.

Initiatives to prevent addictive behaviour aim at informing all participating governments and social stakeholders. They are also intended for a wider audience confronted with this problem: students, potential or active users, parents, etc.Prevention can be adapted to meet all needs and is part of a dynamic, innovative approach.

The Caribbean, located on the drug route to Europe, is a very sensitive area.Both professional and amateur sailors are exposed to the entire gambit of drug-related risks: consumption, risks at ports of call, intrusion, natural hiding places on ships' exterior, etc. Awareness raising using suitable information helps the general public in identifying and preventing threats.

Air targeting & checks,passengers & cargo

ObjectivesUnderstand the airport environment and the geopolitics of smuggling at a local level. Identify high-risk passengers by document selection and/or targeting, identify high-risk shipping parcels (commercial cargo) without slowing down commercial traffic flows.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 15 to 20 participants; - personnel responsible for checking passengers and cargo in airports; - personnel responsible for airline security.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - classroom; - overhead projector, screens and sound system (PC speakers). 2) Specific requirements for the practical on-site exercise: - a maximum of 15 participants; - possible extension of the course;

- accreditation and/or pass to access restricted airport areas; - access to airline computers: manager present and database access codes.

Each mode of transport – freight & passenger – may be treated individually.

Course content 1) Theory:

- geostrategy for drugs in the host country; - precursors (primary focus area may be treated in more detail depending on requirements); - traveller selection using risk criteria adapted to the host country and flows (import/export); - targeted air passenger checks; - concealment techniques and hiding places; - air cargo targeting and checks: airport environment, study and analysis of manifests, parcel selection and checks; - for low-traffic airports, the course is completed by a unit on "general aviation checks": aircraft targeting, aircraft document checks and physical aircraft checks.

2) Practical in-class exercises: - passenger profiling and selection; - passenger targeting: role play, document studies and traveller selection; - cargo targeting: role play, document studies and selection.

3) Practical on-site exercises: - use of airline IT systems to target passengers in real-life conditions.

Targeting & checksof shipping containers

ObjectivesDevelop a sufficient understanding of shipping containers and associated smuggling techniques to organise checks safely and effectively.Establish relevant targeting criteria independently depending on the specific features of the area, and implement them appropriately.

Duration4 to 4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants; - personnel responsible for selecting and/or checking shipping containers in ports. - personnel working with targeting teams, or who may find monitoring and checking containers beneficial.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - fully equipped classroom; (video projector, projection screen, sound system, whiteboard, Internet).

2) Practical exercises: - computer room (near classroom if possible) with at least one Windows PC with Internet access for every four participants. Alternatively, participants may bring their own laptops; - access to trade documents; - checking materials, where appropriate.


- introduction to the fight against drugs (overview of the projects and the geography of trafficking);- the port environment;- presentation of the shipping container & accompanying documents; - basics of risk analysis and selection criteria implementation; - targeting using the manifest and bill of lading (B/L);- techniques, implementation and security checks.

2) Practical exercises: - smuggling methods and techniques;- smuggling prevention and response methods; - document exercises.

3) Depending on availability (*): - guided tour of port facilities and restricted areas by the local authorities;- implementation of a check.

(*): field exercises require a certain number of prerequisites to be filled in terms of check laws, security, accreditations, motivations, etc. These obstacles may limit the educational value. They are therefore only scheduled on a case-by-case basis.

Selecting & searchingmerchant vessels

ObjectivesUnderstand the port environment and the geopolitics of smuggling. Manage a boarding team. Master security check and search techniques. Learn about drugs by identifying and preserving all useful items for the investi-gation.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants; - personnel responsible for checking ships at sea or in ports.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - classroom; - overhead projector, screens and sound system (PC speakers).

2) Specific requirements for the practical exercise: - a maximum of 20 participants;- accreditation and/or pass to access restricted port areas;- access to cargo.


- maritime geostrategy for drugs adapted to the host country; - the port and maritime environment; ships and men; - selection and intelligence;- methodology: preparation, securing and search techniques;- hiding place mechanisms and structures.

2) Practical onboard exercises: - security and methods;- boarding and search;- preserving evidence and clues after a drug discovery.

Selecting & searchingrecreational vessels

ObjectivesUnderstand the port environment and the geopolitics of smuggling. Manage a boarding team. Master security check and search techniques. Learn about drugs by identifying and preserving all useful items for the investigation.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants; - personnel responsible for checking ships at sea or in ports.


2) Specific requirements for the practical exercise: - a maximum of 20 participants;- accreditation and/or pass to access restricted port areas;- availability of a cruising sailboat and a motorboat.


- maritime geostrategy for drugs adapted to the host country; - the port and maritime environment; ships and men; - selection and intelligence;- methodology: preparation, securing and search techniques; - hiding place mechanisms and structures.

2) Practical onboard exercises: - security and methods;- boarding and search;- preserving evidence and clues after a drug discovery.

Selecting & checkingmeans of land transport

ObjectivesMaster methods of securing checks of means of trans-port and the various steps in searching for drugs using land transport:selection, vehicle interception, situation analysis and searches.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants; - personnel responsible for roadside checks and carriage of goods by land.


2) Practical on-site exercises: - a tourist vehicle and a van or truck;

- a courtyard or other secure outdoor area; - equipment used for checking procedures.

3) Roadside check in real-life conditions: - a checkpoint that is up to standards or fulfils all security prerequisites; - armed participants; - check and radio equipment.


- preparation: environment, human resources and equipment, check safety;- selection and interception of tourist and commercial vehicles: objectives and methods, appearance of means of transport and outside components;- vehicle checks: document checks, driver checks;- tourist and commercial vehicle searches: decision to continue checks, search method, existing and purpose-made hiding places.

2) Practical exercises: - examples of reports and original hiding places; - preparation for a roadside check;- execution of a roadside check.

Crime analysis(ANAOPS)

ObjectivesMaster the tools and techniques of phone call analysis.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants; - anyone interested in the primary focus area;- personnel working with telecommunications for their investigations;- a relevant qualification or mastery of the Analyst's Notebook software is not required.

Organisation and materials 1) General:

- classroom with proper space to move around each row of seats, for frequent individual monitoring of participants; - overhead projector and screen; - one computer for each participant (desktop or laptop) with a CD-ROM drive and at least one USB port. Notebooks are not suitable (screen too small); - a mouse is essential (touch pad not suitable).

2) Specific requirements: - administrator rights for the computers' CD-ROMs and USB ports;- Excel 2007 or later version;- free permanent Internet access for the instructors and for participants' computers on the Thursday.


- overview of crime analysis;- presentation of telecommunications and its use in investigations; - presentation of the spreadsheet (Excel);- standardisation of itemised phone bills sent by the various operators;- cross-referencing and use of data.

2) Practical exercises: - methodology learnt by playing out concrete example and practical exercises (2 days).

GSM-IP

ObjectivesMaster investigation techniques using new technology:GSM, Internet and satellite communications.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 15 participants;- personnel in charge of working in telecommunica-tions as part of investigations and having to deal with new technology, or working in a specialist department;- informed personnel with a strong interest in new technology.

Organisation and materials 1) General:

- classroom with proper space to move around each row of seats, for frequent individual monitoring of participants; - overhead projector and screen; - one computer for each participant (desktop or laptop) with a CD-ROM drive and at least one USB port.Notebooks are not suitable (screen too small) - a mouse is essential (touch pad not suitable).

2) Specific requirements: - availability of Nokia telephones with mini or micro USBs - adminis-trator rights for all computers;- free permanent Internet access for all computers for the entire week of the training.


- structure of GSM networks;- cellular network terminology;- plotting telecoms operators' antenna towers for a given geogra-phic location (to determine where the commission of the offence took place);- Identification of a mobile phone model using its IMEI as part of investigations and seizures;- satellite communications: operators, coverage, data to request from operators and how to use it;- IP addresses;- identification of IP addresses;- identification of a computer from an anonymous or fraudulent email.

2) Practical exercises: - concrete examples and practical exercises incorporated into each stage of the training.

Forensic science

ObjectivesLearn how to manage a crime scene:protecting the crime scene, searching for evidence, preserving clues and samples

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 16 to 20 participants;- personnel in operational units: first responders to crime scenes, forensic services personnel;- participants' level of knowledge must be determined in advance. The course content will be adapted accordingly: basic or advanced crime scene management.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - classroom;

- overhead projector and screen; - one computer for each participant for the practical, software-assisted "fingerprint work" exercise.

2) Specific requirements: - fingerprint powder (standard and magnetic);- nitrile gloves;- moving evidence: tape and media.


- managing a crime scene;- evidence and clues;- uncovering and moving evidence; - fingerprints;- working with blood samples.

2) Practical exercises: - role play: securing a crime scene;- matching and identifying digital fingerprints.

Money laundering &seizure of criminal assets

ObjectivesRaise departments' awareness about the importance and benefits of financial investigations in the fight against drugs: money laundering rings, screening, iden-tification and seizure of proceeds of crime.

Duration4 days (may be adjusted).

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants (may be adjusted) - personnel responsible for anti-drug and financial investigations.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - conference room; - overhead projector and screen;

2) Specific requirements: - for courses taught abroad, participation of local experts, specia-lists and stakeholders involved in anti-money laundering.


- general overview of money laundering (definition and history); - money laundering in relation to drug trafficking and unreported income;- anti-money laundering measures in place (services, detection);- features and techniques of financial investigations;- seizure of criminal assets: prerequisites, implementation and objectives; - presentation of the JIRS specialised interregional courts and the Warsmann act;- presentation of the Tracfin financial unit, the PIAC criminal asset identification platform, the AGRASC agency for managing and recovering seized and confiscated assets, and the OCRGDF central office for combatting serious fraud.

2) Practical exercises: - tutorial on concrete examples.

Discreet Surveillance,tracking & questioning

techniques

Objectives- Master traditional investigation methods by learning surveillance, tracking and questioning basics and techniques;- act and perform these techniques safely; - understand the importance of teamwork in field work.

Duration5 to 6 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - a maximum of 15 participants;- personnel working in operational anti-drug units.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - classroom; - video projector and screen; - restrictive class and exercise times

2) Specific requirements: - 1 vehicle for every 2 or 3 participants;- personal radios;- handcuffs;- service pistol;- access to a shooting range;- 100 cartridges;- a suitable location (building, company, etc.) for the exercise on entering into enclosed areas.


- organising and implementing a surveillance system:- aims, principles, definition of resources and a protocol, and preparation; - shadowing (on foot) and tailing (in a car) techniques in urban and rural settings; - adapting surveillance to specific features of the location, site and means of transport;- techniques for checking and questioning pedestrians and vehicles;- techniques for tactical entry into enclosed areas;- police shooting techniques.

2) Practical exercises: - backbone of the week with role plays: participants will be asked to use the various techniques they have learnt using intelligence linked to a drug-trafficking network;- "questioning pedestrians" role play;- "stopping vehicles and questioning drivers and passengers" role play;- exercise on entering into enclosed areas;- police shooting session.

Questioning and searchtechniques

ObjectivesMaster questioning techniques as part of an investiga-tion into drug trafficking.

Duration4.5 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 20 participants;- personnel working in operational anti-drug units.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - classroom; - video projector and screen.

2) Specific requirements: - a camcorder


- regulatory framework;- aims of questioning: get the facts about the offence, find out about the smuggling system, seek evidence;- preparing for questioning: premises, file, suspect and officers; - questioning methodology;- different questioning techniques;- psychological approaches;- searches: restrictions, preparation, trip, operation and finish.

2) Practical exercises: - role play and concrete examples.

Drugs at high-sea

ObjectivesMandatory course for newly appointed French Navy personnel.Understand issues specific to drugs at high sea and know the legal and international aspects as well as current operational standards.

DurationMay be adjusted

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 25 participants;- personnel in the justice system, the French Navy, Customs, the police, the Gendarmerie.

Organisation and materials 1) General: - conference room; - overhead projector, screens and sound system (PC speakers).


- geostrategy for drugs on the free-flowing seas;- the various stakeholders involved in drugs on the high seas: the French State's maritime affairs agency, French Navy, Customs, Central Office Against Illegal Drug Trafficking (OCRTIS), Gendar-merie; - maritime law and international conventions;- the various powers and the legal framework at work in maritime operations- initial measures: boarding, document checks and searches; - finding drugs: operational mode, preserving proof;- concealment;

2) Practical exercises: - practical in-class exercise on drafting procedural documents.

Precursors and their uses

ObjectivesLearn and understand how precursors are used, learn investigation techniques and the issues involved in the fight against precursor-chemical trafficking.

DurationMay be adjusted

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 25 participants;- any government personnel working in anti-drug trafficking.


Course content Theory:

- geostrategy in the area;- the fight against precursor trafficking: a counter-drug strategy;- presentation and classification of chemical products classed as drug precursors; description, packaging, classification;- synthetic drugs: description, classification, effects and dangers, legal framework;- international law, commercial law, product monitoring institutions and company obligations;- investigations: intelligence, targeting, checks, seizures and ques-tioning; - laboratories: manufacture methods and dismantling.

Introduction to drugs,addictive-behaviour prevention

and geostrategy

Objectives(1)Increase understanding of drugs, drug trafficking, geostrategy and area-related issues.(2)Increase awareness of the dangers and consequences of addictive behaviour.

Duration1/2 day to 3 days.

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - 30 participants (may be adjusted);- any government personnel working in anti-drug trafficking;- anyone for the "Addictive-behaviour prevention" component


Course content Theory:

- definition of addiction, dependence and drugs;- introduction to drugs:description, packaging, identification, consumption, effects and dangers;- (1)geostrategy for drugs:presentation of producer areas and networks;presentation of the manufacturing processes;social, economic and ecological consequences; presentation of flows from producer areas and changes to them; consumer coun-tries;- (2)identifying physiological indications of drug use;- (2)acting, reacting, helping and being helped;- (1)legal and regulatory framework/ (2) What the law says.An approach to checking precursor chemicals may be proposed, as it represents a counter-drug strategy.

(1) Topics for a professional audience only.(2) Topics more specifically dealing with preventing addictive behaviours.

Awareness of drug trafficking for sea users

ObjectivesLearn about risks encountered by professional and amateur sailors in drug trafficking areas.

Duration1/2 day (may be adjusted).

Target audience (numbers, profiles, positions) - number of participants may be adjusted;- company's crew, ship officers and shore-based personnel;- people undergoing maritime training or in asso-ciations, who sail through drug trafficking areas.

Organisation and materials - conference room; - overhead projector and screen; - access to the ship where appropriate.


crew, ship officers and shore-based personnel: - maritime geostrategy (drugs and drug trafficking) adapted to sailing conditions;- risks inherent in merchant navy careers.

Ship officers and shore-based personnel: - exchanges with supervisors;- vulnerability of crews and ships;- presentation of threats and suggested solutions.

Recreation: - maritime geostrategy in the Caribbean (drugs and drug trafficking);- advice to travellers (at sea, in ports of call, dealings with local authorities and culture);- presentation of threats and suggested solutions.

2) Practical exercises: - tour onboard a ship and risk analysis (professionals only).

Documents

Interministerial Training Center for the Fight Against Drug · Interministerial Training Center for the ... Precursors are chemicals or reagents needed to produce illicit drugs and