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RopesIntermediate
SFFMA Objectives: 28-02.01 – 28-02.036Hrs received
SFFMA Objectives 28-02.01 Trainee, given the proper rope, shall demonstrate the bight, loop, round
turn, and half hitch as used in tying knots and hitches. 28-02.03 Trainee shall demonstrate the technique of inspection, cleaning,
maintaining, storage, safety procedures, and reasons for placing a rope out of service. 28-02.02 Trainee, using an approved knot, shall hoist any selected forcible entry tool,
ground ladder, or appliance to a height of at least 20': A. a 1½ inch or 1¾ inch dry hose with nozzle attached B. a 2½ inch or 3 inch dry hose with nozzle attached C. a 1½ inch or 1¾ inch charged hose D. an axe E. a 6' or 8' pike pole F. a single 14' or 16' (wall) ladder G. a 10' collapsible ladder H. a 14' combination ladder I. working as a member of a team, a 24' extension ladder J. a 15 lb. CO2 fire extinguisher K. a 20 lb. dry chemical fire extinguisher L. an electric smoke ejector M. a pair of bolt cutters
Firefighter I
Knot CharacteristicsTo be suitable for rescue, must be easy to tie
and untie, be secure under load, reduce rope’s strength minimally
Rope’s strength reduced whenever bentBight, loop, round turn — Bends in ropeKnots, hitches formed by combining bending
elements
7–3
Firefighter I
Knot ElementsBight — Formed by bending rope back on
itself while keeping sides parallel
7–4
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Knot ElementsLoop — Made by crossing side of bight over
standing part
7–5
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Knot ElementsRound turn — Consists of further bending
one side of loop
7–6
Firefighter I
Commonly Used KnotsHalf-hitch
Particularly useful in stabilizing tall objects being hoisted; always used with another knot or hitch
Formed by making round turn around objectSeveral can be applied in succession if
required
7–7
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Removing Life-Safety Rope From ServiceLife-safety rope that fails to pass inspection
or has been impact loaded should be destroyed immediately
Destroy = Altered in such a manner that it cannot be mistaken for life-safety rope
7–8
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Removing Life-Safety Rope From ServiceRope subjected to impact loading must
have entry made in log because there is no way to determine by inspection if it has been impact loaded
7–9
Firefighter I
General Rope Maintenance GuidelinesInspect all types after each useUnused should be inspected at least annuallyInspect visually and by touchInspect for foreign objects; if found, take out
of serviceAll inspections documented in log
7–10
Firefighter I
Types of Rope — MaintenanceKernmantle ropeLaid ropeBraided ropeBraid-on-braid rope
7–11
Firefighter I
Maintaining Rope LogWhen rescue rope
is purchased, it must be permanently identified
Record must be started and kept throughout rope’s working life
7–12
Firefighter I
Cleaning RopeMethods vary by
manufacturer; contact for specific instructions
Natural fibersSynthetic fibers
7–13
Firefighter I
General Rope Storage ConsiderationsCan be stored in coils or rope bagsShould be stored in clean, dry spaces with
adequate ventilationNot exposed to chemical contaminantsNot stored in same space with gasoline-
powered tools, spare fuel
7–14
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Bagging RopeBest method for life-safety rope is to place in
storage bagBag makes rope easy to transport, protects
rope from contaminationAdvantage of storing synthetic rope in bag is
that rope can be deployed quickly
7–15
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Bagging RopeWeight of the rope
inside bag carries it toward target and rope pays out as bag travels through air
Bag may have drawstring and shoulder straps for ease in carrying
7–16
Firefighter I
Coiling/Uncoiling RopeCoiling necessary so rope may be placed into
service with minimum delay important in fire service
Improperly coiled rope may become tangled and fail to uncoil
7–17
Firefighter I
Using Rope for HoistingOne of most common uses
of rope in fire service — Raise or lower tools and pieces of equipment from one elevation to another
7–18
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Using Rope for HoistingThorough knowledge of knots, hitches makes
this a safe, efficient practiceAnything with closed-type D-ring handle can
be raised, lowered with bowline or figure-eight bend
Hoisting pressurized cylinders not recommended
7–19
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Using Rope for HoistingUsing proper knots, securing procedures
helps prevent dropping of equipmentSeparate guideline may be tied to any of
these pieces of equipment; objects may also be tied in center of rope
7–20
Firefighter I
Hoisting Safety — GeneralHave solid footing, make
necessary preparations beforehand
Use hand-over-hand methodUse edge roller or paddingWork in teams
7–21
(Continued)
Firefighter I
Hoisting Safety — GeneralLook to ensure all personnel clear of hoisting
areaAvoid hoisting operations near electrical
hazardsSecure nozzles of charged hoselinesUse guideline to help control object being
hoisted
7–22
Firefighter I
Hoisting SafetyHoisting
AxePike poleLadderHoselinesPortable fansPower saw
7–23
Practical ExerciseInstructor will choose separate items for each firefighterFirefighter using an approved knot, shall hoist any
selected forcible entry tool, ground ladder, or appliance to a height of at least 20': a 1½ inch or 1¾ inch dry hose with nozzle attached a 2½ inch or 3 inch dry hose with nozzle attached a 1½ inch or 1¾ inch charged hose an axe a 6' or 8' pike pole a single 14' or 16' (wall) ladder a 15 lb. CO2 fire extinguisher a pair of bolt cutters