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Page 1: Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence · Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence ... Bazaar – For looking for ... • Internal and

16-Dec-09

1

Intermediaries for Open Innovation and

Technology Intelligence

Dr Letizia Mortara

[email protected]

13 November 2009

OECD, Paris

Talk overview

• The context

– Open Innovation

– Technology Intelligence

• The problem

– Who are they?

• An example of how they could be helpful

– Kodak European Research

Page 2: Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence · Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence ... Bazaar – For looking for ... • Internal and

16-Dec-09

2

Docherty, M. (2006), Primer on ‘Open Innovation’: Principles and Practice, pdma (Product Development and Management Association) Vision (April 2006),

pp.13-17.

Chesbrough, H. (2003), Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting From Technology, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Technology Intelligence is the ‘eyes’ and ‘ears’

needed for Open Innovation

Research Development Commercialisation

Core Market Focus

Company Boundaries

Products in-sourced (e.g. Co-branding)

IP in-licensing

IP out-licensing

Technology Spin-outs

Ideas & Technologies

There are 4 perspectives

Applied Research

& Development

Corporate

Ventures

Procurement

Legal

department

Technology

intelligence &

scouting

Blue sky

Research

Marketing

Finance

Intermediaries: working to

support companies OI

Science parks

University and

Government

programmes Consultancies

HR

OPEN: perspective change

OPEN: services established to

support the OI approachOPEN: always

been open

VCs/Angels etc.

Business Units

Corporate

Science parks

& incubators

Mortara et. al, 2009

Page 3: Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence · Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence ... Bazaar – For looking for ... • Internal and

16-Dec-09

3

Report

Downloadable from:

http://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/service/books/form_oi09.html

How would we build a Technology

Intelligence system?

Kerr et al., (2006)

Page 4: Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence · Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence ... Bazaar – For looking for ... • Internal and

16-Dec-09

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Intelligence is sourced through social networks

• Published information:

Pros:

– depth of information

Cons:

– difficult to search (information has to be structured),

– ‘old’ information,

– source reliability issue.

• Information from direct contact:

Pros:

– ‘newer’ information,

– easier evaluation of source’s quality,

– information is digested to accommodate the audience’s needs – Tacit.

Cons:

– maintaining and creating networks is expensive,

– it is difficult to justify the value of networks,

– it is difficult to make networks explicit (i.e. it seems all down to individuals initiatives and personal contacts).

TI networks: intermediaries, a key element

A company can

increase the number of

contacts whilst

maintaining and

increasing selectivity.

1) direct the information

towards the company

2) diffuse the company’s

requirements into their

networks.

COMPANY

Company 2

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up A

Start-up

Start-up Start-up

Start-up

University

University

University

University

University

R&D Centre

Company

3

Company

4

Company 5

Intermediary 1

Intermediary 2Intermediary 3

Intermediary 4

Connection to

information source

obtained through

intermediary

Direct connection

to information

source

Representation of TI external networks

COMPANY

Company 2

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up

Start-up A

Start-up

Start-up Start-up

Start-up

University

University

University

University

University

R&D Centre

Company

3

Company

4

Company 5

Intermediary 1

Intermediary 2Intermediary 3

Intermediary 4

Connection to

information source

obtained through

intermediary

Direct connection

to information

source

COMPANY

Company 2Company 2

Start-up Start-up

Start-up Start-up

Start-up Start-up

Start-up Start-up

Start-up Start-up

Start-up AStart-up A

Start-up Start-up

Start-up Start-up Start-up Start-up

Start-up Start-up

University University

University University

University University

University University

University University

R&D Centre R&D Centre

Company

3

Company

3

Company

4

Company

4

Company 5 Company 5

Intermediary 1 Intermediary 1

Intermediary 2Intermediary 2Intermediary 3 Intermediary 3

Intermediary 4Intermediary 4

Connection to

information source

obtained through

intermediary

Direct connection

to information

source

Connection to

information source

obtained through

intermediary

Direct connection

to information

source

Representation of TI external networks

Mortara et al, 2009

Page 5: Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence · Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence ... Bazaar – For looking for ... • Internal and

16-Dec-09

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Literature 1/2 - Different terms

– Agents• Technology transfer agents (Matkin, 1990)

– Intermediaries• Innovation intermediaries (Howells, 1997; Chesbrough, 2006; Stewart, 2008)

• Consultants as sector intermediaries (Fincham et al., 2008)

• Technology Market Intermediary (Tiezke, 2008)

• Market intermediaries (Lucking-Reiley and Spulber, 2001)

– Brokers• Knowledge Brokers (Sousa, 2008; Ward, 2009) Specialist Knowledge

Providers (Tether et al.,2008); Virtual Knowledge Brokers (Verona, Prandelli, Sawhney, 2006)

• Innovation brokers (Klerks and Leeuwis, 2008)

• Technology brokers (Roman and Puett, 1983; Rosegger, 1986; Bryant and Reenstra-Bryant, 1998; Hargadon; 2003; Verona et al 2006)

– Knowledge/Technology Transfer• Knowledge Transfer Networks (Bond et al., 2004)

– Knowledge Intensive Business Services (Howells 2006)

– Bridger (Bessant and Rush, 1995; Burt 2004)

Literature 2/2 – Approaches and uses of

intermediaries

• Nambisan and Sawhney (2007). A Buyer’s Guide to the Innovation Bazaar

– For looking for inventions • Patent brokers, Licensing agents, Idea scouts, Invention capitalists, Internet marketplaces (also Chesbrough, 2006;

Lichtenthaler and Ernst, 2008)

– For looking for market-ready ideas• Innovation capitalists that invest in or nurture new ventures for increasing the readiness level.

– For looking for market-ready products• Internal and external business incubators

• Venture Capitalists

• Yusuf (2008) Intermediating knowledge exchange between universities and businesses

– Specialised intermediary e.g.,Technology Transfer Licensing Office

– Financial Intermediary. e.g., VC, Business angel, which also add some business knowledge

– Institutional intermediary which offers incentives and encourages knowledge transfer

• Tether (2008) Uses of intermediaries by types of sector – Private research organisations

– Public science-base

– Universities

– Government Research laboratories

Page 6: Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence · Intermediaries for Open Innovation and Technology Intelligence ... Bazaar – For looking for ... • Internal and

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A case study

Developing technology intelligence strategy at

Kodak European Research: scan & target.

(Forthcoming)

Research Technology Management

Scan Target

An approach from SCAN to TARGET

Collection

of basic

information

on a

country

Identify

intermediaries &

setup visitsVisits to the

targeted

country to

establish social

networks

12

3

Mortara et al. (forthcoming)

Follow-up

with

interesting

research

contacts4

Country Strengths/ Weaknesses Selection Intermediaries:

•National level

• Regional level

• Research centre level

• What technologies are

interesting?

•What is their readiness level?

•How does the research

centre appear?

Collaborations

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16-Dec-09

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Triangulation of intermediaries

Country

Landscape

Document

Speak with

country experts

Contact national

intermediary

Contact regional

intermediary

Contact selected

research groups

• Are there big differences across the country?

•If yes, which are the areas to prioritise?

•Does the conversation with the different country

experts coincide with the info in the country

document?

Ask for expert’s

personal contacts

Use international

networks

Contact local

technology

transfer networks

• What are the strengths of your region?

• What areas have highest concentration of

technology/innovation?

• What infrastructure is present regionally to

support technology transfer?

• We are interested in technology X and Y, which

research groups work in this field?

• What are the strengths of your country?

• What are the most important companies in your country?

• What areas have the highest concentration of

technology/innovation?

• What does your country do to support technology

transfer?

• We are interested in technology X and Y, which research

groups work in this field?

• What technologies does this centre do

which match our needs?

• What’s the cooperation policy of your

centre?

• What technologies are interesting?

•What is their readiness level?

•How does the research centre appear?Each intermediary has a subjective perspective Bias

Asking several intermediaries helps in achieving a more objective perspective

Mortara et al. (Forthcoming)

Our current project

Understand to structure and deploy their external networks:

– Role of networks in TI systems,

– Problems/solutions in setting up networks,

– How intermediaries help improve TI systems,

– Classifying intermediaries:

• What types of intermediary exist?

• How can they help?

• In what circumstances are they most helpful?

OUTPUTS: Practical guidelines for companies

– Criteria for companies on how to select intermediaries

– Guidance for intermediaries on how to improve their services and how to organise their business models