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Interiorizor: Reassembling EverydayObjects into an Interior
Hironao MorishigeKeio UniversityEndou 5322, Fujisawa,Kanagawa, [email protected]
Masaki OgawaKeio UniversityEndou 5322, Fujisawa,Kanagawa, [email protected]
Suguru YamadaKeio UniversityEndou 5322, Fujisawa,Kanagawa, [email protected]
Takuro YonezawaKeio UniversityEndou 5322, Fujisawa,Kanagawa, [email protected]
Hiroki NozakiKeio UniversityEndou 5322, Fujisawa,Kanagawa, [email protected]
Hideyuki TokudaKeio UniversityEndou 5322, Fujisawa,Kanagawa, [email protected]
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AbstractNowadays, due to the conventional mass-production mass-consumption society, people have been flooding with phys-ical Objects. However, it is hard to manage surroundingobjects to make a tidy lucid space. In this paper, we pro-pose a prototype system that reassembles everyday objectsto an interior to make a neat space. The Interiorizor calcu-lates the optimized positional relationship among objects,and generates joint objects to bond the objects together inorder to achieve a certain shape.
Author KeywordsComputational Design, Algorithmic Modeling, ComputerGraphics, Digital Fabrication, Bricolage, 3D printing
ACM Classification KeywordsD.2.2 [SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Design Tools and Tech-niques]: Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
IntroductionPeople have been possessing things as never before dueto the conventional mass-prodcution mass-consumption so-ciety these days.Many untidy things in a space makes thespace?s impression as dirty. This sometimes occurs trou-bles among family or roommate who lives together.Normally,we take action like storing to a different place, or trashing toa bin, but there are approaches to utilize them in order to
keeping it in the original space.One possible solution for theproblem is to support users not to forget to clean unusedthings into appropriate storage. However, cleaning up is stillburden and uninteresting task for some people.
To solve the problem, our purpose is to add a new motiva-tion for users to cleaning up things enabling users to makeinterior things by unused surrounding objects easily. Fromthe past, an idea of bricolage is inherited, spontaneouslymaking a work of art using surrounding objects such asa boat with PET-bottles or a Sofa with Shoes(see Figure1).Almost objects in our room is unused.If we can changethose objects to cute, warmful or beautiful interior, it mustbe new motivation for users to cleaning up the untidy ob-jects. However, combining surrounding objects need highexpertise which restricts the potential of design for the en-dusers. For example, it usually requires much try-and-errorprocess to decide how to place and connect the everydayobjects to make target shape.
In this paper, we propose Interiorizor, a computational de-sign tool which supports users to fabricate interior objectsby combining unused surrounding objects. To support thefabrication like bricolage with surorunding objects, Interi-orizor automatically calculate positions of unused objectsto be combined, and generates joints to physically connectthe objects. We designed and implemented a prototype ofthe Interiorizer, and demonstrate it?s usefulness throughmaking several interiors with actual objects.
Figure 1: Examples of ReusingSurrounging Objects
Figure 2: Prototype Output Image
Registration phase
Positioning phase Connecting pahse
Surrounding Object Target Object
Interiorizor
Positioning Joint
Output
Figure 3: Process Flow ofInteriorizor
InteriorizorProcess of InteriorizorInteriorizor consists of three steps as it is shown below, withrelated works and the research challenge for each step.The process flow of Interiorizor is shown in Figure 3.
Registration phase: First of all material should be registered
in order to be calculated. To compute optimal position of ev-eryday objects and joints, 3D data of the material should beconverted before construction. Recently, open source of 3Ddata is prospering including Thingiverse[1] , which is mak-ing acquisition of 3D data easy. In addition, 3D scanningtechnology has also advanced, like inexpensive scannerand making smart phones a scanner. These technologyhas been practically used in personal fabrication. Com-plex Construction has been designed easily when makingchairs and paper planes are reinforced by the support ofCPU[2][3].
Positioning phase: After registering the element(hereafterelement), we need to optimize the element to the suitableposition to achieve the function of the target(hereafter tar-get). An algorithm which automatically generates a 3D col-lage in CG space is developed by Ran[4], but since it isfocused on creating a collage in CG space, it is permittingthe data to be resized and overlapped which does not ac-count the physical limitations of space. Another algorithmdeveloped by Zhe[5] automatically generates a complex3D collage by constructing pre-designed materials, but itis difficult to apply with variety of objects in the surround-ings because the elements they are using are consciouslydesigned for construction.
Connecting phase: Connecting phase in Interiorizor re-quires to connect many everyday objects easily. In addition,the connected objects should be also disconnected easilyfor reusing them in another purposes. In order to obtain thestructure after optimization, elements should be connectedtogether and be statically solid. AutoConnect, developed byYuki[6] arranges a joint which connects two surrounded ob-jects automatically. However since it is assuming to connectonly two objects, the algorithm in generating multiple jointsare restricted.
As it is shown above, our research is focused on the phaseof Positioning and Connecting. The technical requirementsin these phases partially fulfilled with related works, how-ever, there are still problems to be solved for realizing In-teriorizor concept such as how can we place and connectmultiple âAŸreal’ everyday objects in real space.
Module DesignPositioning elements to express the shape of the target:We define the target is well expressed when the packingratio of the element is maximized. We adopted the bin-packing algorithm developed by Crainic [7] and newly-devised their module to a more accurate one. In detail,we will extract the bounding box of each element and packthem into the bounding box of the target data. After the pro-cess, interacted ratio of each element and the target wouldbe calculated, and according to the fixed threshold, unnec-essary element will be sifted.
Connecting the shape in real space by using joints: Jointsare aimed to minimize the coverage of the element andmeet the minimum requirement of grip power, which is topreserve the shape and to repel gravity. In order to hold theelements in the positioned place in the real space, we gen-erate two component to connect elements together. Firstlythe system creates a holder to grip each element and sec-ondly places a snap to connect each holder. Both holderand snap is placed dynamically according to the positionalrelations of the element and united by the software and willbe finally printed by 3D printer.
VeVT / < D
Ve/ > D
Element Object
Get Bouding Box
...
Packing Target Boundinfg Box
with Element Bounding Box.
Target Object
∩e
VT∩e
VT∩e
Figure 4: Element PositioningAlgorithm
ImplementationInteriorizor is developed along with the phase written above.When the user inputs several surrounding objects, the sys-tem outputs simulated position data and connectable jointsto fulfill previously registered shape. We will describe thedesign and implementation of each module of Interiorizor.
Element placement module: Using an algorithmic modelingplugin Grasshopper with CAD software rhinoceros[8][9], thesystem packs the element using a bin-packing algorithm[7].As it is shown in Figure 4, we first pack the element into thebounding box of the target using the bin-packing algorithmdeveloped by Crainic [7]. This considers the space to gen-erate joints, so there is a certain margin created betweenthe objects. After packing the joints, elements intersectedwith the target is once again evaluated and sieved by theratio of the volume intersected. the threshold of the ratio isset to 0.4 for the test output.
Joint generation module: In order to connect the elementstogether, we first developed a lookup module which createsa dictionary of the positional relation as shown in Figure 5 ).The lookup module stretches a line to 6 directions along thex-y-z axis and see whether it intersects with another ele-ment. It entries the id of the element which is adjacent, andthe direction is also archived. After getting hold of the wholerelationship , from the center point of the element, preregis-tered snaps will be placed in each holder. Snaps are placedat the intersected point of the search line and the boundingbox of the element. If there is a certain distance from theactual element, the software automatically generates a rodto hold the snap from the element body.
Future ImpactThe concept of Interiorizer has following possibilities forfuture impact.
Extending the concept in outdoor environmentThe essential concept of the interiorizer is making new ob-jects by combining 3D printing technique with surroundingobjects. By extending this concept in outdoor environment,various objects such as stone, branch or even garbage canbe components of new objects. This must be useful for fab-
rication where resources are limited such as developingcountry or other planets.
Hybrid fabricationIn the prototype system, we have focused on reassemblingeveryday objects and we used the 3D printed parts as ajoint. However, we are aiming to mix the two fabricationstyle so of course there could be a way to cover the 3Dprinted data with everyday objects to shorten the printingtime. For this idea few more coding is required such as fix-ing module for the 3D printable data.
G:Center of gravity
x
y
z
Element0
x+ : 1y+ : Nonez+ : Nonex- : Noney- : Nonez- : None
...
Dictionary
Element1
x+ : Noney+ : Nonez+ : Nonex- : 0y- : Nonez- : None
Element2
G
x+ : 3y+ : 7z+ : Nonex- : 1y- : Nonez- : None
Figure 5: Joint GeneratingAlgorithm and Joints generated inreal space
Enhancing people’s sense of beauty and "Mottainai"Interiorizor has possibility to make everything as interior.This means that people will have more opportunities toface the kind of fabrication works with reused objects. This,in turn, can enhance people’s sense of beauty and "Mot-tainai". We believe that not only object’s functionality, butalso sense of design or beauty will be more important in oursociety in the near future. In addition, Mottainai[10] is one ofunique senses for Japanese. Spreading Mottainai sense ismore and more important for preventing future environmen-tal issues.
ConclusionIn this paper, we have presented a fabrication cocept ofbricolage aiming to manage untidy space. in order to ap-proach the problem, we implemented interiorizor, a designtool using algorithmic modeling to gather up everyday ob-jects and form to different functional shape. this paper has
seeked the potential of a new way to interact with the flood-ing everyday objects.
References[1] Makerbot. Thingiverse. "https://www.thingiverse.com"[2] Saul, Greg, et al. "SketchChair: an all-in-one chair
design system for end users." Proceedings of thefifth international conference on Tangible, embedded,and embodied interaction. ACM, 2011.
[3] Umetani, Nobuyuki, et al. "Pteromys: interactive de-sign and optimization of free-formed free-flight modelairplanes." ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)33.4 (2014): 65.
[4] Gal, Ran, et al. "3D collage: expressive non-realisticmodeling." Proceedings of the 5th international sym-posium on Non-photorealistic animation and render-ing. ACM, 2007.
[5] Huang, Zhe, et al. "Structured Mechanical Collage."IEEE Transactions on Visualization and ComputerGraphics 7.20 (2014): 1076-1082.
[6] Koyama, Yuki, et al. "AutoConnect: computationaldesign of 3D-printable connectors." ACM Transac-tions on Graphics (TOG) 34.6 (2015): 231.
[7] Crainic, Teodor Gabriel, Guido Perboli, and RobertoTadei. "Extreme point-based heuristics for three-dimensional bin packing." Informs Journal on com-puting 20.3 (2008): 368-384.
[8] Rhinocerous. "http://www.rhino3d.co.jp/"[9] Grasshopper. "http://www.grasshopper3d.co.jp/"
[10] Mottainai. " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mottainai"
