Interior Architecture Ohio University College of Fine Arts

School of Art + Design

ART 3620, Interior Architecture Studio II

Professional Design Development and Construction Documents Studio Spring 2014

Tuesday & Thursday: 12:55 -4:50

 

Matthew Ziff, Associate Professor, Interior Architecture Chair

Office: W 325 Grover Center

Office Hours: M,W: 12:55 - 4:00

Telephone: 740. 593. 2869

E-mail: ziff@ohio.edu 

Leadership In Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes and neighborhoods.

• Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED is intended to help building owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently.

• Started in 1998, LEED standards have been applied to more than 7,000 projects in the United States and 30 countries, covering more than 1.5 billion square feet of development area.

• Initially, many U.S. federal agencies and state and local governments incentivized or required the use of LEED certification.

• LEED was most recently updated in 2009, to LEED version 3.

• It encompasses nine rating systems for the design, construction and operation of buildings, homes and neighborhoods.

• Five overarching categories correspond to the specialties available under the LEED Accredited Professional program.

• That suite currently consists of:

• Green Building Design & Construction• LEED for New Construction• LEED for Core & Shell• LEED for Schools• LEED for Retail: New Construction and Major

Renovations• LEED for Healthcare

• Green Interior Design & Construction• LEED for Commercial Interiors• LEED for Retail: Commercial Interiors

• Green Building Operations & Maintenance• LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance

• Green Neighborhood Development• LEED for Neighborhood Development

• Green Home Design and Construction• LEED for Homes (The LEED for Homes rating system is

different from LEED version 3, with different point categories and thresholds that reward efficient residential design.

• Under LEED 2009, there are 100 possible base points distributed across six credit categories:

• Sustainable Sites • Water Efficiency • Energy and Atmosphere • Materials and Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Innovation in Design

• Four additional points may be received for Regional Priority Credits,

and six additional points for Innovation in Design.

• Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification:• Certified: 40–49 points• Silver: 50–59 points• Gold: 60–79 points• Platinum: 80 points and above

Goal of the credit system

• The LEED 2009 performance credit system aims to allocate points "based on the potential environmental impacts and human benefits of each credit."

• To participate in LEED 2009, a building must comply with environmental laws and regulations, occupancy scenarios, building permanence and pre-rating completion, site boundaries and area-to-site ratios.

• Its owner must share data on the building's energy and

water use for five years after occupancy (for new construction) or date of certification (for existing buildings).

Process

• LEED certification is granted by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI), which handles the third-party verification of a project's compliance with the LEED requirements.

• The certification process for design teams is made up of two consecutive applications: one including design credits, and one including construction credits.

• All of the LEED credits in each rating system are assigned to either the design application or the construction application.

• The design credits include those that are the purview of the architect and the engineer, and are documented in the official construction drawings.

• The construction credits include those that are predominantly under the purview of the contractor, and are documented during the construction and commissioning of the building.

• A fee is required to register the building, and to submit the design and construction applications.

• Total fees are assessed based on building area.

Energy performance research

• On average, LEED-certified buildings use the same source energy and produce equal greenhouse gas emissions as non-LEED-certified buildings.

• Typically they use between 11 and 39% less site energy than non-LEED buildings on average, although 28-35% use more energy.

• In a study of 12 green and 12 conventional buildings, done by G. Newsham, et al, responses were positive in the areas of:

• environmental satisfaction, satisfaction with thermal conditions, satisfaction with view from the outside, aesthetic appearance, less disturbance from heating, ventilation and air-conditioning noise, workplace image, night-time sleep quality, mood, physical symptoms, and reduced number of airborne particulates.

• The results showed green buildings exhibited superior performance compared with similar conventional buildings.

Professional Accreditation

• The Green Building Certification Institute describes Professional Accreditation as follows:

• "LEED Professional Credentials demonstrate current knowledge of green building technologies, best practices, and the rapidly evolving LEED Rating Systems.

• They show differentiation in a growing and competitive industry, and they allow for varied levels of specialization.

Professional Accreditation

• A LEED Professional Credential provides employers, policymakers, and other stakeholders with assurances of an individual's level of competence and is the mark of the most qualified, educated, and influential green building professionals in the marketplace.”

• Credentials include the LEED Green Associate and the various types of specialized LEED Accredited Professionals (AP).

Benefits and Disadvantages

• LEED certified buildings are intended to use resources more efficiently when compared to conventional buildings simply built to code.

• However, analysis of energy and water use data from

New York City shows that LEED certification does not necessarily make a building more energy or water efficient

Benefits and Disadvantages

• Often, when a LEED rating is pursued, the cost of initial design and construction rises.

• There may be a lack of abundant availability of manufactured building components that meet LEED specifications.

• Pursuing LEED certification for a project is an added cost in itself as well.

• This added cost comes in the form of USGBC correspondence, LEED design-aide consultants, and the hiring of the required Commissioning Authority —all of which would not necessarily be included in an environmentally responsible project, unless it also sought a LEED rating

Benefits and Disadvantages

• However, these higher initial costs can be effectively mitigated by the savings incurred over time due to the lower-than-industry-standard operational costs typical of a LEED certified building.

• Additional economic payback may come in the form of employee productivity gains incurred as a result of working in a healthier environment.

• Studies have suggested that an initial up-front investment of 2% extra will yield over ten times the initial investment over the life cycle of the building.

Incentive Programs

• Many federal, state, and local governments and school districts have adopted various types of LEED initiatives and incentives.

• A full listing of government and school LEED initiatives can be found online and is updated regularly.

• Some areas have implemented or are considering incentives for LEED-certified buildings.

• The city of Cincinnati, Ohio adopted a measure providing an automatic 100% real property tax exemption of the assessed property value for newly constructed or rehabilitated commercial or residential properties that earn a minimum of LEED Certified.

Incentive Programs

• In the state of Nevada construction materials for a qualifying LEED building are exempt from local taxes.

• The state of Maryland passed its High Performance Buildings Act in 2008, requiring all new public construction and renovation of buildings greater than 7,500 square feet to meet at least the LEED Silver standard.

Incentive Programs

• The state of Michigan is considering tax-based incentives for LEED buildings.

Leadership In Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

• The United States Green Building Council (USGBC)

• History of the USGBC

• Short History of LEED a good, short summary of LEED

• Longer History of LEED a good, longer, summary of LEED