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Intercultural Communication
Lecture 5Ideologies in Discourse
Ideology
ASSUMPTIONS behind practices and rules
About
What is good/bad (values)
Normal/abnormal (norms)
What an appropriate person is like
What an appropriate society is like
What the natural world is like
What communication (discourse) is for
Tasks
Alligator River
What are the assumptions that affect your choices?
Task
The ideology of a comic book
The Ideology of University English Classes
C-B-S Style
Clarity—Brevity—SincerityOriginalityDeductive (vs. inductive)
Assumptions
What is the purpose of writing?What is the appropriate person (writer) like?What is the status of the written word/ ideas?
More about SpaceThe lecture panopticon
Assumptions
About teachers/teachingAbout learners/learning
The Utilitarian Discourse System
‘Enlightenment’ or ‘Age of Reason’ (18th century)Sir Isaac Newton– The universe is logical, rational
John Locke– Society should follow (logical) ‘natural law’, tabula rasa
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations– capitalism
Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws– Rule of law
Immuanuel Kant, ‘The Science of Right’Intellectual property
Utilitarian Discourse System
John Bentham and John Stuart Mill– ‘Utilitarianism’
‘Good’ = greatest happiness to greatest numberGoal of society = ‘Progress’Basis of society = ‘free’ and ‘equal’ individualHumans = rational, economic entitiesValues technology as source of wealthValues ‘creative’ and ‘inventive’ individualsQuantitative measure determine value
Inside-Outside
FreedomEqualityDemocracyFOR MEMBERSBut for non-members…
Confucian Discourse System
The five moral rules and five human relationshipsAffection and piety (ci/xiao) should mark the relations between father and sonjustice and righteousness should mark the relations between sovereign and subjectdistinction (zun/bei) should mark the relations between husband and wifeorder (ti) should mark the relations between elder and younger brothersTrust (zhong) should mark the relations among friends
Confucian Discourse System
Four Virtues– Menicus (‘Four Fundamental Principles)
benevolence (ren)Righteousness (yi)Propriety (li)knowledge (zhi) Four Cardinal Virtues (si wei)
– Li, Yi, Lian (frugality), Chi (shame)
Sincerity (xin) and Filial Piety (xiao)
Hierarchal Relationships‘Golden Age’
San Zi Jing
San Zi Jing
Confucian Discourse System
‘Good’ = ?Goal of society = ?Basis of society = ?Humans = ?Values ?
Confucian Discourse System
‘Good’ = ?Goal of society = ?Basis of society = ?Humans = ?Values ?
Discourses of Revolution and Reform (Gu 1996)
Names
Polarizing
Polarizing
Many ideologies work through polarizingHow does UDS polarize?
Multiple Ideologies
Which ideologies do you promote or participate in? UtilitarianConfucianRevolutionaryReformistOther? (eg. Christian) How can people ‘believe’ different ideologies at the same time?
