Reporters:Hanie Grace I. Reodava

Cleo D. EchegarayJoly-an Igup

Zandra PedrosoNiña Erika Tedios

Pinoy Henyo Group yourselves into two groups. Decide who will be acting the word. The least time who first answered correctly

will win the game. Maximum of 2 minutes only.

Human beings use thousands of language to communicate with one another.

Some are spoken in many countries, while others are used in the country, or region or in a single village.

Some languages expanded but others become extinct.

is an abstract system of word meaning and symbols for all aspects of culture

includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and gestures and expressions of non-verbal communication

is the most important aspect in the life of all beings.

use to express inner thoughts and emotions

make sense of complex and abstract thought

use to learn to communicate with others

can be spoken or written

Verbal Physical Biologically innate Basic form of Communication

usually defined as body language or kinesthetic

is the language of gestures, expressions and postures

used arms and hands to: say goodbye point count express excitement warn away threaten

used head to: say yes or no to smile, frown, and

wink

is not limited to spoken language communicate directly through:

facial expression body system gesture and tone of voice

communicate indirectly through systems of signs and symbols, such as: writing algebraic

expressions musical scores painting road signs

A language is a system of verbal and, in many cases, written symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey more complex meanings. It is impossible to overstate the importance of language in the development, elaboration, and transmission of culture. Language enables people to store meanings and experiences to pass this heritage on to new generations. Through language, we are able to learn about and from the experiences of others.

In addition, language enables us to transcend the here and now, preserving the past and imagining future. It also makes possible the formulation of complex plans and ideas (Calhoun, et al., 1994)

While language is cultural and universal, striking differences in the use of language are evident around the world. This is the case even when two countries use the same spoken language. Similarly, the meaning of non-verbal gestures vary from one culture to one another (Schaefer, 2003)

A man’s language is: a reflection of the kind of person he is the level of education he has attained an index to the behavior that may be

expected from him

is the key factor in the success of the human race in creating and preserving culture, for without language the ability to convey of ideas and traditions is impossible.

the study of language or the aspects of language is divided into four areas: phonology semantics grammar

morphology syntax

pragmatics

refers to a system of sounds Phoneme

basic unit of sound smallest sound units that affect meaning

is the study of word meanings and word combinations

study of the meaning of language

refers to the structure of a language which consists of two major parts: Morphology Syntax

is the study of language’s smallest units of meaning

morphemes prefixes suffixes root words and how units are properly combined

is the study of the structure of language

how words can be formed to create grammatically correct sentences

the rules of syntax allow us to vary word order so that we are not limited to one way of saying what we mean

is concerned rules for the use of appropriate language particular contexts

directly addresses the issue of effective communication

deals with the intentions behind the utterances

Is culture can affect the structure and content of its language, then it follows that linguistic diversity derives in part from cultural diversity.

The learning of culture takes place through language.

Language is an integral part of culture and human culture cannot exist without it. All human societies have languages. In some simple societies where people cannot read or write, they have a spoken language. Through the use of language, wide vistas of reality have been opened. What we have observed and experienced, as well as our norms, values, and ideas exist because we have learned to identify or experience these things through language. These things are shared and transmitted from one generation to another through process of socialization (Panopio, et al, 1992)

“The linguistic-relativity hypothesis asserts that language determines thought and therefore culture. In reality language and culture influence each other”–Edward Sapir

Every society has a culture, no matter how simple the culture may be, and every human being is cultured in the sense of participating in some culture or other.

is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society or population (Ember, 1999)

is the learned norms, values, knowledge, artifacts, language, and symbols that are constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life (Calhoun, et al., 1994)

is the sum total of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions, and material products associated with a system (Allan Johnson, 1996)

defines culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Panopio, 1992)

an organization of phenomena that is dependent upon symbols, phenomena which include acts (patterns of behavior); objects (tools and things made by tools); ideas (beliefs, knowledge); and sentiments (attitudes, values) (Hunt et al, 1998)

Culture is: learned shared by a group of people cumulative dynamic ideational diverse

first essential characteristic of culture

acquisition of traditions and values since birth to adulthood

influences in the environment

sharing the same meanings for symbols to be part of a culture

a way of thinking and interacting people can predict how others will

behave

knowledge is stored and passed on from one generation to the next

new knowledge is being added to what is existing

all cultural knowledge does not perpetually accumulate

when new cultural traits are added, some old ones are lost because they are no longer useful

stems from its cumulative quality ever-changing, non-static, referred to

as cultural revolution change can come from outside

(domination of other culture) or inside (women entering workforce)

change by invention and diffusion invention (internal) – new thing or idea diffusion (external) – spreading of cultural

elements from one culture to another

is an ideal pattern of behavior which are the members are expected to follow

assigns meanings to his environment and experiences by symbolizing them

internalized by individuals

sum total of human culture consists of a great many separate cultures

mutually interdependent parts

tells how different activities should be conducted

rules of permissible behavior are usually flexible to a degree

Cultures share four components: communication cognitive material behavioral

Language it forms the core of all culture share a condensed, very flexible set of

symbols and meanings makes communication possible basis for symbolic interaction

Symbols non-verbal signals symbols form the backbone of symbolic

interaction is anything that carries a particular

meaning recognized by people who share culture

vary within cultures, cross culturally, and change over time

deeply-held values into every social life

Ideas/Knowledge/Beliefs ideas-mental representations used to

organized stimulus knowledge-storehouse where we

accumulate representations, information, facts and assumptions

beliefs-accepts proposition, statement, description of facts as true

Values refers to defined standards of: desirability goodness beauty which serve as broad guideline for

social being Accounts

how people use that language to explain, justify, rationalize, excuse, or legitimize our behavior to themselves and others

Norms are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its member.

Mores are customary behavior patterns or folkways which have been taken a moralistic value.

Laws are formalized norms, enacted by people who are vested with government power and enforced by political and legal authorities designated by the government.

Folkways are behavior patterns of society which are organized and repetitive.

Rituals are highly scripted ceremonies or strips of interaction that follow a specific sequence of actions.

Material components of culture refer to physical objects of culture such as machines, equipment, tools, books, clothing, etc.

cultural traits systems of beliefs, and institutional

patterns that can be broken into simple units or elements

either of a material or non-material culture represents a single element or a

combination of elements clusters of culture traits are known as:

culture complexes culture pattern

Enculturation is the process of learning culture of one’s

own group Acculturation

is the process of learning some new traits from another culture

Assimilation is the process in which an individual

entirely loses any awareness of his/her previous group identity and takes on the culture and attitudes of another group

1. Culture helps the individual fulfill his potential as a human being.

2. Through the development of culture, man can overcome his physical disadvantages and allows him to provide himself with fire, clothing, food and shelter.

3. Culture provides rules of proper conduct for living in a society.

4. Culture also provides the individual his concepts of family, nation, and class.

any part of a culture must be viewed from within its cultural context-not that of the observer first formulated by Franz Boas at the

turn of the century-no culture should be judged by the standards of another

related to ethnocentrism-the supposed superiority of one’s own group

is in essence an approach to the question of the nature and role of values in culture (Rosado, 2003)

in anthropology is the key methodological concept which is universally accepted within the discipline

is an anthropological approach which posits that all cultures are of equal value and need to be studied in a neutral point of view

is scientific view of culture