Intercultural Intercultural CommunicationCommunication

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication

Culture:Culture:– ““A unique combination of rituals, religious A unique combination of rituals, religious

beliefs, ways of thinking, and ways of beliefs, ways of thinking, and ways of behaving that unify a group of people” (p. behaving that unify a group of people” (p. 170).170).

Intercultural Communication:Intercultural Communication:– ““The exchange of information between The exchange of information between

individuals why are unalike culturally” (p. individuals why are unalike culturally” (p. 168)168)

Describe your CultureDescribe your Culture

What do you celebrate every year?What do you celebrate every year? What is acceptable behavior?What is acceptable behavior? What is unacceptable behavior?What is unacceptable behavior? What is expected of you in situations?What is expected of you in situations?

Any other things that you can think of?Any other things that you can think of?

Share your ideas with your group.Share your ideas with your group.

Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication

Culture

Co-cultures-Differ in some small way

: dress, religion, values, etc.

Questions:Questions:

What are some overarching cultural What are some overarching cultural systems?systems?

Within these systems, are there any Within these systems, are there any co-cultures that are apparent?co-cultures that are apparent?– In what ways are they different?In what ways are they different?

Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural Communication

Ethnocentrism:Ethnocentrism:– ““Belief that your own group or culture is Belief that your own group or culture is

superior to all other groups or cultures” superior to all other groups or cultures” (p. 172).(p. 172).

Consequences of ethnocentricity:Consequences of ethnocentricity:– Everyone else is wrong.Everyone else is wrong.– Rejection of others beliefs.Rejection of others beliefs.– Ignorance.Ignorance.– StereotypingStereotyping

Activity:Activity:

1) List some stereotypes of 1) List some stereotypes of youryour culture?culture?

2) Share these ideas with your group.2) Share these ideas with your group.

3) What surprises you?3) What surprises you?

Cultural DimensionsCultural Dimensions

Individualism – CollectivismIndividualism – Collectivism Low Context – High ContextLow Context – High Context Uncertainty Accepting – RejectingUncertainty Accepting – Rejecting Implicit Rule – Explicit Rule Implicit Rule – Explicit Rule M-Time – P-TimeM-Time – P-Time

Individualism vs Individualism vs CollectivismCollectivism

IndividualisticIndividualistic: “Value individual : “Value individual freedom, choice, uniqueness, and freedom, choice, uniqueness, and independence”independence”– USA, Australia, England, Netherlands, USA, Australia, England, Netherlands,

New Zealand, Canada, ItalyNew Zealand, Canada, Italy

CollectivisticCollectivistic: “Value the group : “Value the group over the individual”over the individual”– Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Pakistan, Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Pakistan,

Thailand, Singapore, Chile, Hong KongThailand, Singapore, Chile, Hong Kong

Low Context vs High Low Context vs High ContextContext

Low ContextLow Context – Understanding within – Understanding within the message. “Face value”the message. “Face value”– Germany, Scandanavia, USAGermany, Scandanavia, USA

High ContextHigh Context – Minimal information – Minimal information is in the message. “Programmed”is in the message. “Programmed”– Japan, Arabic, Latin AmericaJapan, Arabic, Latin America

Uncertainty Accepting vs Uncertainty Accepting vs RejectingRejecting

Uncertainty AcceptingUncertainty Accepting: “Tolerate : “Tolerate ambiguity, uncertainty, and diversity” ambiguity, uncertainty, and diversity” (p. 176) ; take risks, are flexible(p. 176) ; take risks, are flexible– USA, England, Denmark, Sweden, USA, England, Denmark, Sweden,

Singapore, Hog Kong (1980)Singapore, Hog Kong (1980)

Uncertainty RejectingUncertainty Rejecting: “Have : “Have difficulty with ambiguity, uncertainty, difficulty with ambiguity, uncertainty, and diversity” (p. 176) and diversity” (p. 176) – Japan, France, Spain, Greece, PortugalJapan, France, Spain, Greece, Portugal

Implicit Rule vs Explicit RuleImplicit Rule vs Explicit Rule

Implicit RuleImplicit Rule: “Information and : “Information and cultural rules are implied and already cultural rules are implied and already known to the participants” (p. 176)known to the participants” (p. 176)– Middle East, Africa, and Latin AmericaMiddle East, Africa, and Latin America

Explicit RuleExplicit Rule: Has “explicit : Has “explicit information, policies, procedures, information, policies, procedures, and expectations” (p. 176)and expectations” (p. 176)– Europe, USAEurope, USA

M-Time vs P-TimeM-Time vs P-Time

M-TimeM-Time: “Compartmentalizes time : “Compartmentalizes time to meet personal needs, separates to meet personal needs, separates task and social dimensions, and task and social dimensions, and points to the future” (p. 177)points to the future” (p. 177)– Canada, USA, N. EuropeCanada, USA, N. Europe

P-TimeP-Time: View of “time as : View of “time as contextually based and relationally contextually based and relationally oriented” (p. 177)oriented” (p. 177)– Latin America, Middle East, Asian, Latin America, Middle East, Asian,

French, AfricanFrench, African

United States & JapanUnited States & Japan

Rate your culture today…Rate your culture today…– Individualistic 1----------10 CollectivisticIndividualistic 1----------10 Collectivistic– Low Context 1----------10 High ContextLow Context 1----------10 High Context– Uncertainty Accepting 1----------10 RejectingUncertainty Accepting 1----------10 Rejecting– Implicit Rule 1----------10 Explicit RuleImplicit Rule 1----------10 Explicit Rule– M-time 1----------10 P-timeM-time 1----------10 P-time

In what ways are they different? The In what ways are they different? The same?same?

QUESTIONS???QUESTIONS???