INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX)NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX)

Recent Milestones:

• May 2002: Go-ahead from NASA

• July 2002: meeting with NOAA/AL (ITCT-2K4)

• 4-5 September 2002: joint INTEX-ITCT-2K4-COBRA planning meeting

• 15 September: revised white paper (Singh, Jacob, Pfister) for Aura Collaborative Science Strategy Document (Anderson)

(1) To quantify the outflow of climatically important trace gases and aerosols (CIGAs) from North

America to the Atlantic, and relate this outflow to our understanding of North American sources and

sinks;

(2) To understand the chemical evolution of the North American outflow over the Atlantic, and assess

the implications for global influence and intercontinental transport of pollution;

(3) To quantify the transpacific transport of Asian pollution to North America.and its implications for

surface air quality.

INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT – INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT – NORTH AMERICA (INTEX)NORTH AMERICA (INTEX)

OBJECTIVES:

TWO AIRCRAFT: NASA DC-8 and P-3B

TWO PHASES: A (Jun-Jul 2004) and B (Mar-Apr 2006)

INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INTEXINTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INTEX

Pacific inflow

Outflow to Atlantic,chemical aging

NORTH AMERICAA priori estimates of surface sources/sinks

BL

FT Processing, ventilation,scavenging

LINK WITHITCT-2K4, COBRA

TRANSPACFICPOLLUTIONINFLUENCE

GLOBALINFLUENCE

TOP-DOWN ESTIMATESOF SOURCES, SINKS

LINK WITH ITOP, DLR

TRANSATLANTICPOLLUTION INFLUENCE

LINK WITH CNRS/SA

LINK WITH TERRA, ENVISAT,

AQUA, AURA, OCO (phase B)

Satellite validation

INTEX OPERATIONAL SITES (PHASE A)INTEX OPERATIONAL SITES (PHASE A)

St. Louis, MODC-8 and P-3B

Pease AFB, NHDC-8, joint

with ITCT-2K4 (NOAA P-3B)

Wallops, VAP-3B

Seattle, WADC-8 overnight site

Edwards AFB, CADC-8 overnight

Eastern U.S. transects

N Atlanticoutflow

Chemicalaging

PBL ventilation,deep convection,

fire plumes

Transcontinentaltransects

PRIORITY CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR INTEXPRIORITY CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR INTEX

• Priority 1 (mission critical): O3 (in situ and remote), aerosols (remote), H2O, CO2, CO

• Priority 2 (very important): NO, NO2, PAN, HNO3, NOy, CH4, N2O, speciated hydrocarbons, halocarbons, peroxides, carbonyls, OH, HO2, RO2, SO2, H2SO4, aerosol composition, size distribution, optical properties

• Priority 3 (important): Organic nitrates, single particle composition, radionuclides, alcohols, H2O (remote)

• Priority 5 (exploratory): NH3, HNO2, HNO4

No distinction of priorities between DC-8 and P-3B payloads

WHAT IS AMMA? (formerly WAM)WHAT IS AMMA? (formerly WAM)

African Monsoon Multidimensional Analysis-OR/OU –

Analyse Multidimensionelle de la Mousson Africaine

• Multiyear monsoon dynamics experiment led by France/UK/Germany/U.S. • International Science Plan presently being written(U.S. lead: Chris Thorncroft, SUNYA)• Focus in wet season and shoulders (Apr-Oct) •First operational phase: Apr-Oct 2005

Plan for an “AMMA-dry” (Jan-Feb) led by radiation/chemistry community:• Interaction of biomass burning, dust, other continental influences• Validation of Aura, Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat is strong focus• Leads: D. Tanre (France), J. Haywood (UK), M. Wendisch (Germany)• U.S. interest: radiation (Y. Kaufman, S. Ackerman), chemistry (Jacob, Browell, Brune, Crawford, Logan, Singh,…) - draft white paper available - • Timing: Jan-Feb 2005 or 2006• European resources: Mystere 20, BA-e146 aircraft, lidars, ground/island sites• High-altitude aircraft (e.g., WB-57) is crucial

NASA COMPONENT OF AMMA:NASA COMPONENT OF AMMA:an AURA collaborative science missionan AURA collaborative science mission

OBJECTIVES:• To understand the interactions between biomass burning, the biosphere, human activity, lightning, and dust in determining tropospheric ozone and aerosol production over western Africa;

• To understand the mechanisms for outflow of ozone, aerosols, and their precursors from western Africa to the global troposphere;

• To characterize the transatlantic transport of this outflow;

• To provide Aura tropospheric validation data in a complex and highly variable tropical environment where TOMS appears to experience difficulties.

TWO PHASES:• Winter mission (Jan-Feb) with emphasis on biomass burning (top priority)• Summer mission (Jun-Aug) with emphasis on monsoon and dust

PLATFORMS: WB-57 (essential), DC-8 (desirable)

Dust

SavannaAnthropogenicBiofuel

Forest

Biomass Burning

Ocean

Monsoon Flux

Harmattan Flux

WESTERN AFRICA IS A PARTICULARLY ACTIVE WESTERN AFRICA IS A PARTICULARLY ACTIVE AND COMPLEX REGION OF THE TROPICSAND COMPLEX REGION OF THE TROPICS

Celine Mari, LA Toulouse

Biomass BurningLightning

ATSR FIRE COUNTS (1997)ATSR FIRE COUNTS (1997)Western Africa is one of the world’s most active Western Africa is one of the world’s most active

biomass burning regionsbiomass burning regions

LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEL AND TOMS LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEL AND TOMS TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS OVER W. AFRICATROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS OVER W. AFRICA

GEOS-CHEM - 1997 TOMS (CCD)- 1997

JJA

SON

MAM

DJF

Martin et al. [2002]

LIS LIGHTNING FLASHES (2000)LIS LIGHTNING FLASHES (2000)Western Africa is one of the world’s most active Western Africa is one of the world’s most active

lightning regionslightning regions

DJF

JJA

WESTERN AFRICA IS ONE OF THE DUSTIEST WESTERN AFRICA IS ONE OF THE DUSTIEST REGIONS ON EARTHREGIONS ON EARTH

DUST OVER WESTERN AFRICA CAN HAVEDUST OVER WESTERN AFRICA CAN HAVECOMPLEX EFFECTS ON SATELLITE RETRIEVALSCOMPLEX EFFECTS ON SATELLITE RETRIEVALS

SeaWIFS “true-color” data (obtained from R. Husar)

INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGYINTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGYFOR AMMA-dryFOR AMMA-dry

Aura: Ozone, CO, H2O,NO, NO2, HNO3,CH4, HCHO, … 3-D CTM forecasts

and analyses

WB-57 aircraft (+DC-8?)

SATELLITES

AIRCRAFT, SONDES, GROUNDMODELS

Strong links to AVE and TC3

Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat…

European surface sites, lidars, aircraft