(Inter)Connectivity Issues in (Inter)Connectivity Issues in

Nigeria: Some Perspectives Nigeria: Some Perspectives

Mobolaji E. Aluko, PhDMobolaji E. Aluko, PhD

Professor of Chemical EngineeringProfessor of Chemical EngineeringHoward University, Washington DC;Howard University, Washington DC;

President/CEO Alondex Applied Technologies, President/CEO Alondex Applied Technologies, LLC;LLC;

Vice-President, NITPA Vice-President, NITPA (Nigerian Information Technology (Nigerian Information Technology

Professionals in the Americas)Professionals in the Americas)

22

A talk delivered at the A talk delivered at the 33rdrd Annual International Annual International

Nigerian Nigerian Telecommunications Telecommunications

Summit Summit [‘Realising Opportunities in [‘Realising Opportunities in

Nigerian Nigerian Telecommunications”]Telecommunications”]

September 20-21, 2004September 20-21, 2004London, EnglandLondon, England

Bolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, LondoBolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, London September 2004n September 2004

33

Outline of TalkOutline of Talk

11. NCC & Interconnection. NCC & Interconnection 2. The Need for Interconnectivity2. The Need for Interconnectivity3. The Physical Structure3. The Physical Structure4. The Logical Structure4. The Logical Structure5. Nigerian Policy – Guided or Fully 5. Nigerian Policy – Guided or Fully liberalized?liberalized?6. Some International Examples 6. Some International Examples 7. SAT-3 Issues (International, Local)7. SAT-3 Issues (International, Local)8. Some suggestions8. Some suggestions9. A few closing thoughts9. A few closing thoughts10. Acknowledgements10. Acknowledgements

44

Working Definition of Working Definition of

InterconnectionInterconnection

NCC Act 1992 NCC Act 1992 [Guidelines on Interconnection of [Guidelines on Interconnection of

Telecommunications Networks]:Telecommunications Networks]:

“5.(1) “5.(1) Interconnection means the physical and Interconnection means the physical and logical linking of telecommunications networks logical linking of telecommunications networks

used by the same or a different operator in order used by the same or a different operator in order to allow the users of one telecommunications to allow the users of one telecommunications network to communicate with the users of the network to communicate with the users of the

same or another telecommunications network or same or another telecommunications network or to access services provided by a to access services provided by a

telecommunications network. The services may be telecommunications network. The services may be provided by the parties involved or other parties provided by the parties involved or other parties

who have access to the network. who have access to the network. ““

55

Audio/Voice

Data

Video

Fax

Internet

Operator A Operator B

4

1

2

3

SubscriberSubscriber

Services Services

The Need for Interconnectivity

Images

Services: Mainly Voice, little Internet-penetration, need more others (ATM, X.25, GPRS, etc.) Subscribers: 1999 - 0.5 million 2003 - ~ 2.4 mil. 2004- ~4.6 mil. 2010 - 10, 20, 40 mil. ?Internet Users: 2000 - ~100k Sept. 2004 - ~750k [IP Count: 181k (Feb. 2004)]

[2004: MTN:2 mil, VeeNet:1 mil, Globacom:750k; MTEL:300k; NITEL:450k; Others:60k?]Operators: 1999: 1 NO, 1 MO, xPTOs, yISPs, etc. 2004: 2 NOs, 4 MOs, etc. 2010 - ?

66

V O I C E NON - VOICE

IP NETWORKS

NON-IP NETWORKS

WIRED

WIRELESS

BINARY SERVICE, MEDIA, PROTOCOL, MOBILITY DIVISIONS

FIXEDFIXED

MOBILEMOBILE

Converged ServicesConverged Services

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Each of the services:Each of the services:

* different rates of * different rates of transmissiontransmission* different formats* different formats* different protocols* different protocols* different priorities for * different priorities for deliverydeliveryConvergence Issues

XOIP – Services over Internet !

Physical Media; Logical Structure importantfor efficient connectivity

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Physical media: Physical media:

Wired: Wireless: Wired: Wireless: * twisted pair * IR, * twisted pair * IR, radio, radio, microwavemicrowave (terrestrial)(terrestrial)

* coaxial cable * coaxial cable * VSAT* VSAT

* fiber* fiber ((VVery ery SSmall mall AAperture perture

TTerminal)erminal) - microwave, - microwave, extraterrestrialextraterrestrial (Satellite) (Satellite)

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Twisted pair (copper) – low transmission rate, short distance

Coaxial cable (copper) – faster transmission rate, longer distance

Fiber (glass) – low loss, very high transmission rate, great distance

Physical media:Physical media:

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For radio or microwave terrestrial – skip the satellite

Moderate (radio) to high-transmission rates (satellite)

[narrow-band < ~ 200 kbps --- broad-band]

Moderate (radio) to very large distance (satellite)

1111

True ISPs ~ 40 - 80

StarTech, Rainbownet, OduaTel, etc.

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InternationalInternational

NationalNational

RegionalRegional

LocalLocal

7 Digital Secondary Switching Centers7 Digital Secondary Switching Centers

3 Digital, 1 Analog Intelsat Satellite Earth Station3 Digital, 1 Analog Intelsat Satellite Earth Station

52 Primary Centers (16 Digital)52 Primary Centers (16 Digital)

286 Local Exchanges (135 Digital)286 Local Exchanges (135 Digital)

NITEL’s Telecommunication InfrastructureNITEL’s Telecommunication Infrastructure

Source: BPE’s website on NITEL (www.bpeng.org)Source: BPE’s website on NITEL (www.bpeng.org)

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Some Telecommunications Indicators in Nigeria

Source: VSAT case studies: Nigeria & Algeria [Esselaar & Stravou, 2003]

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Questions for NigeriaQuestions for Nigeria

What is our proposed and/or What is our proposed and/or preferred transmission backbonepreferred transmission backbone

- fiber and/or wireless?- fiber and/or wireless?

How should it evolve How should it evolve – completely private-driven or – completely private-driven or

government-guided?government-guided?

Needed – a National Fiber Transmission Needed – a National Fiber Transmission

BackboneBackbone

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SIGNAL MULTIPLEXING & MODULATION

FDM, TDM, (D)WDM can all be complementaryFDM, TDM, (D)WDM can all be complementary[Eg GSM is combination of FDM and TDMA][Eg GSM is combination of FDM and TDMA]

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WhatWhat Logical Structure ?Logical Structure ?

* hubs* hubs* routers (for destination mapping)* routers (for destination mapping)

* bridges (to link networks)* bridges (to link networks)* switches (multiport bridges)* switches (multiport bridges)

* gateways* gateways* exchanges (eg IXP)* exchanges (eg IXP)

Needed: A National Digital Needed: A National Digital Interconnectivity Matrix coordinatedInterconnectivity Matrix coordinated

Between OperatorsBetween Operators

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NCC’s Five-Year Strategic Management Plan (2003-2007)

“Target 1G1: To provide the regulatory stimulus and, where appropriate, the incentives to encourage the rollout of fibre optic links nationwide. Minimum coverage targets will be 30% by end Q4 2004, 40% by end Q4 2006 and 50% by end Q4 2007 (by state and nationally, as appropriate)”

Are we on track?

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NEPAD ICT Infrastructure objectives:NEPAD ICT Infrastructure objectives:

Key Objectives:Key Objectives:

To have in place, low-cost To have in place, low-cost thin route satellitethin route satellite capacity and associated ground infrastructure to capacity and associated ground infrastructure to support the e-schools, e-health and other high support the e-schools, e-health and other high

priority NEPAD projects.priority NEPAD projects.

To ensure that To ensure that all African countriesall African countries are connected are connected to a to a broadband fibre-optic cable broadband fibre-optic cable system that in, system that in, turn, links Africa with the rest of the world.turn, links Africa with the rest of the world.

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Facilities Sharing, Collocation, Facilities Sharing, Collocation, CooperationCooperation

“19. (1) The Commission shall encourage “19. (1) The Commission shall encourage collocation and facility sharing and collocation and facility sharing and develop guidelines for shared develop guidelines for shared

infrastructure use and collocation.”infrastructure use and collocation.” ““21. (2) 21. (2) The Commission shall The Commission shall encourage the interconnecting operators encourage the interconnecting operators to establish technical committees and to to establish technical committees and to develop specifications, protocols, and develop specifications, protocols, and procedures for the interconnection of procedures for the interconnection of their telecommunications networks”their telecommunications networks”

- NCC - NCC

2020

NITEL

GLOBA-COM

MTEL

V-NetMTN

FWA

Fully-Paired/Peered Connectivity Diagram for Operators

Ref: “Resolving the Interconnectivity Battle in Nigeria:Some Suggestions” [Mobolaji Aluko, November 2002]

2121

NITEL GLOBA-COM

MTEL

V-Net

MTN

FWASwitchorRouter

Suggested Multiprotocol Switch/Clearing House

Ref: “Resolving the Interconnectivity Battle in Nigeria:Some Suggestions” [Mobolaji Aluko, November 2002]

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Sample Integrated Mobile Communication Sample Integrated Mobile Communication ConnectivityConnectivity

(Intra- or Inter-Operator)(Intra- or Inter-Operator)

An intelligent logical combination of wired and wireless resourcesAn intelligent logical combination of wired and wireless resources

2323

ISP1 ISP2

ISP3

ISP5 ISP6

ISP4 IXP

INTERNET EXCHANGE (IXP) ARRANGEMENT

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Ibadan Internet Exchange IbIX: VSAT-based; http://www.ib-ix.net/index.htm

Lagos Internet Exchange – STM-1/SAT3 WIP-based in the works; NITEL-enabled

2525

African Exchange Points (IXPs)Cairo and Johannesburg: fiber-landing based All Eight Others: satellite-based

~$400 million lost annually in Africa due to out-of-continent satellite traffice

2626

Typical Network-to-Network Interface (NNI)(Reference: Cable & Wireless)

2727

Some IP-VPN Access Options [Cable & Wireless]

Desirable to have some similar diagrams from Nigerian operatorsDesirable to have some similar diagrams from Nigerian operators

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FIBER-OPTICS INFRASTRUCTURE

SAT3

NITEL Fiber

GLOBACOM Fiber

[32 STM-64 (~10Gbps) cables]

[? STM-4 (622Mbps) cables]

NITEL Fiber Rings (capacities?)

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LANDING POINTS1. Portugal(Sesimbra)2. Spain (Chipiona)3. Spain (Altavista)4. Senegal (Dakar)5. Côte d’Ivoire (Abidjan)6. Ghana (Accra)7. Benin (Cotonou)8. Nigeria (Lagos)9. Cameroon (Douala)10. Gabon (Libraville)11. Angola (Cacuaco)12. South Africa (Melkbosstrand)13. South Africa (Mtunzini)14. La Reunion (St. Paul)15. Mauritius, (Baie Jacotet)16. India (Cochin)17. Malaysia(Penang)

2

17

16

15

1413

12

1110

98

7

12

3

45 6

SAT3/WASC/SAFE PROJECT

For SAT3/WASC [15,000 km]:SDH transmission; two pairs optical fiber; WDMInitial capacity 20 Gbit/s (4x2.5 Gbits/s per fiber pair)Upgradeable to 40 Gbit/s to 120 Gbit/s (4x2.5 + 5x10Gbits/s per fiber pair)Nigeria’s allocation – 13 STM-1’s (each 155.52 Mbits/s;2 “lit”)For SAFE [13,800 km] – 10 Gbits/s (2x2.5 Gbits/per pair)

to 130 Gbits/s (2x2.5 + 6x10 Gbits/s per fiber pair)(2x2.5 + 6x10 Gbits/s per fiber pair)

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GLOBAL NETWORK MAP

Links to:Links to:SAT3 SAT3 SAFE (to Asia via Indian Ocean) SAFE (to Asia via Indian Ocean) SMW3 SMW3 TAT-14 (to USA via Atlantic Ocean) TAT-14 (to USA via Atlantic Ocean) SMW3 (to Asia via the Mediterranean) SMW3 (to Asia via the Mediterranean) APCN-2 APCN-2 Japan-USJapan-US {each 4 fiber pairs; DWDM; 160 Gbis/s}{each 4 fiber pairs; DWDM; 160 Gbis/s}

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Columbus 3

TAT 14

TAT 12/13

Atlantis 2

SEA-ME-WE 3

FLAG

ConnectivityConnectivityvia Portugalvia Portugal

North America

Central America

South America Africa

MiddleEast

SAT 3 / WASC / SAFE

Sesimbra

3232

Atlantis 2

Western EuropeMiddle East

Central Southern Africaand Asia

South America

ConnectivityConnectivityvia Sénégalvia Sénégal

SAT 3 / WASC / SAFE

Dakar

3333

SEA-M E-W E 3

FLAG

FO G

Connectivity via IndiaConnectivity via India

AsiaPacific

Africa

Western Europe

SAT 3 / WASC / SAFE

Cochin

3434

SEA-ME-WE 3FLAG

APCN

ConnectivityConnectivityvia Malaysiavia Malaysia Australia

Africa

Middle East

Asia Pacific

SAT 3 / WASC /SAFE

Penang

APCN 2

3535

SEA-ME-WE 3

FLAG

SAFE

Penang, Malaysia

Cape Town, South Africa

SAT-2

Dakar, Senegal

SAT- 3/WASC

ATLANTIS 2

Cable restorationCable restoration

Cochin, India

Durban, S.Africa

PORTUGAL&

SPAIN

3636

3737

See: http://www.cw.com/uk/our_network/network_maps/index.html

Also: http://www.level3.com/userimages/dotcom/images/maps/darkfiber_map.gif

Chipiona

Sesimbra

SAT3/WASC

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SAT-3 USAGE IN NIGERIA SO FAR

1. Telcoms 2. Oil & Gas Companies:

NITEL Shell Globacom Chevron MTN NLNG, etc. GS Telecom PTOs, etc.

3. ISPs 4. ASPs Tara SITA Accelon Tara, etc. GS Telecom Elinex Nova, etc.[to be/connected to Nitel’s Wholesale IP (WIP); gearing up for Lagos Internet Exchange Point

(LGIX)]

3939

Some concluding thoughts:Some concluding thoughts:

*Telecommunications are critical to economic *Telecommunications are critical to economic developmentdevelopment

*There is need for greater transparency and *There is need for greater transparency and information flow for investor planning/wealth information flow for investor planning/wealth

creationcreation

* Fiber backbone critical !* Fiber backbone critical !

* Need for Integrated National Plan for Telcom* Need for Integrated National Plan for Telcom services (with some time tables)services (with some time tables)

* Next important issue: value-added services* Next important issue: value-added services(e-commerce, e-learning, security, etc. by SMEs)(e-commerce, e-learning, security, etc. by SMEs)

Bolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, LondoBolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, London September 2004n September 2004

4040

Final AcknowledgementsFinal Acknowledgements

* To CWC* To CWC

* To NCC/Ministry of Communications* To NCC/Ministry of Communications

* To the listening audience* To the listening audience

Bolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, LondoBolaji Aluko;Nigeria Telcom Summit, London September 2004n September 2004

4141

I will be happy to take questions!I will be happy to take questions!

EndEnd