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An Interactive ApproachBy Nurhuda Tajudin781018016102
What is reading?The ability to successfully generate meaning from text.
What is fluent reading?The ability to read at an appropriate rate with adequate comprehension
What is strategic reading?The ability of the reader to use a wide variety of reading strategies to accomplish a purpose for reading
What is the goal of reading?
Comprehension
Factors that influence reading comprehension:The readerThe textInteraction between the reader and the text:StrategiesSchemaPurpose for readingManner of readingFluency
Models of ReadingBottom-up processing (decoding)
Top-down processing
Interactive approach
Bottom-up ProcessingReader builds meaning from the smallest units of meaning to achieve comprehension.
Exampleletters letter clusters words phrases sentences longer text meaning = comprehension
Top-down ProcessingReader generates meaning by employing background knowledge, expectations, assumptions, and questions, and reads to confirm these expectations.
ExamplePre-reading activities (i.e. activating schema, previewing, and predicting) + background knowledge (cultural, linguistic, syntactic, and historical) = comprehension
Interactive ApproachReader uses both bottom-up and top-down strategies simultaneously or alternately to comprehend the text.
ExampleReader uses top-down strategies until he/she encounters an unfamiliar word, then employs decoding skills to achieve comprehension.
Interactive Approach
Knowledge base + bottom-up strategies + top-down strategies = comprehension
The reader must be competent in both bottom-up and top-down processing.
Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Top-down
Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Bottom-up
Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Bottom-upTop-down
Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Bottom-upTop-downBottom-up strategies(phonicsapproach)________________
Examples: decoding using capitalization to infer proper nouns graded reader approach pattern recognition
Top-down strategies(whole languageapproach)________________
Examples: using background knowledge predicting guessing the meaning of unknown words from context skimming/scanning
The End
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