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Interactions among the SDGs and
NDCs - What has been learned
about interaction effects between
SDGs and Mitigation Policies?
Keywan Riahi, Volker Krey
IIASA, Austria
Snowmass: Assessing Transformation Pathways Post-
Paris and Implications for IA Research - 20 July 2016
Effect of the INDCs on GHG
Emissions
Rogelj et al, Nature, 2016
INDCs are clearly not consistent
with 1.5C or 2C
Rogelj et al, Nature, 2016
Air Quality and Health
Air Quality Co-Benefits
Source: IPCC WGIII AR5, Figure SPM.6/6.33
Source: Rao, Pachauri et al., 2013
Energy Security
−100%
−75%
−50%
−25%
0%
−100% −75% −50% −25% 0%
Difference in annual global energy trade compared to the Baseline (%)
Diffe
rence in a
nnu
al G
HG
em
issio
ns
com
pare
d to t
he B
aselin
e (
%)
Model
IMAGE
MESSAGE
REMIND
TIAM−ECN
WITCH
−100%
−75%
−50%
−25%
0%
−100% −75% −50% −25% 0%
Difference in annual global energy trade compared to the Baseline (%)
Diffe
rence in a
nnu
al G
HG
em
issio
ns
com
pare
d to t
he B
aselin
e (
%)
Model
IMAGE
MESSAGE
REMIND
TIAM−ECN
WITCH
−100%
−75%
−50%
−25%
0%
−100% −75% −50% −25% 0%
Difference in annual global energy trade compared to the Baseline (%)
Diffe
rence in a
nnu
al G
HG
em
issio
ns
com
pare
d to t
he B
aselin
e (
%)
Model
IMAGE
MESSAGE
REMIND
TIAM−ECN
WITCH
−100%
−75%
−50%
−25%
0%
−100% −75% −50% −25% 0%
Difference in annual global energy trade compared to the Baseline (%)
Diffe
rence in a
nnu
al G
HG
em
issio
ns
com
pare
d to t
he B
aselin
e (
%)
Model
IMAGE
MESSAGE
REMIND
TIAM−ECN
WITCH
increasing energy independence
increasing
climate protection
Source: Jewell et al. 2016, Nature Energy
€€€€€
€€€€€
€
Energy independence
Climate Pledges
2ºC
−100%
−75%
−50%
−25%
0%
−100% −75% −50% −25% 0%
Difference in annual global energy trade compared to the Baseline (%)
Diffe
rence in a
nnu
al G
HG
em
issio
ns
com
pare
d to t
he B
aselin
e (
%)
Model
IMAGE
MESSAGE
REMIND
TIAM−ECN
WITCH
€
Oil independence
Food Availability
Source: Hasegawa et al. 2015
Food availability and hunger
Source: Havlík, Valin et al. 2015, WB
Food availability
Biodiversity
Source: van Vuuren et al., 2012
Energy Poverty
Source: Pachauri et al. 2012, GEA
1.3 billion 0.6 billion
onechildonelight.orgitimes.com
Energy Poverty in South Asia
Solid Fuel Dependence
Effect of 2°C Climate Policy
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Solid
Fu
el U
se (
% o
f P
op
ula
tio
n)
2° Climate Policy
No New Policy
Climate and Access
0.5
mill
dea
ths
South Asia
Source: Cameron et al., Nature Energy, 2016
Integrated Climate and Access Policies
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Solid
Fu
el U
se (
% o
f P
op
ula
tio
n)
2° Climate Policy
No New Policy
Climate and Access
1.1
mill
sav
ed li
ves
South Asia
Source: Cameron et al., Nature Energy, 2016
Water
T Gleeson et al. Nature 488, 197-200 (2012)
Groundwater sustainability
T Gleeson et al. Nature 488, 197-200 (2012)
Saudi Arabia annual
withdrawal more than 17X
the renewable recharge
Groundwater sustainability
Freshwater
ConveyanceElectricity
Transmission
S.C. Parkinson et al. (2016), Environmental Science & Technology
Ele
ctr
icit
y S
up
ply
[ T
Wh
]
Fre
sh
wa
ter
Su
pp
ly
[ k
m3
]
01
02
03
00
50
02
50
75
0
Electricity Resource
Water Resource
0 45 90 0 45 900
Groundwater Conservation [ % ]
Water constrained low-carbon energy pathways
• Integrated long-term
development scenarios
• Implications for costs of
different policy scenarios
Saudi Arabia
Cost increase relative to
no policy scenario [ % ]
Simultaneous Assessment of
Multiple Objectives
Source: van Vuuren et al. 2012
Potential co-benefits and adverse
side-effect of energy transitions
Source: von Stechow et al., 2015
↑ co-benefit
↓ adv. side effect
CD-LINKS ProjectIntegrated Approach:
• Climate AND Sustainable Development
• National AND Global
Multiple Objectives:
• Economic development
• Energy poverty and inequality
• Air quality and health
• Water
• Food security
• Biodiversity
• Adaptation, resilience and reduced risks
• Energy security http://www.cd-links.org
