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Inter-American Development Bank
Hydro-BIDA Public Platform for Modeling Hydrology
and Climate Change in Latin America
and the Caribbean
Raul Munoz Castillo
Sr. Water & Sanitation Specialist
INE/WSA
Overview
Hydro-BID:
Create a system for integrated, quantitative simulation
of hydrology and climate change in Latin America and
the Caribbean, for assessing the potential impacts of
climate change on water flows and infrastructure and
supporting the design of adaptive projects and
strategies.
Why Hydro-BID?
- Consolidated database for all LAC
- Simple and Flexible platform (downscaling, update)
- Modular: Easy to couple with other analytical tools
(WEAP, MODFLOW)
- Free access for water, environmental agencies, natural
resources ministries and academia.
- Capacity: in-house implementation by agencies
Intended Uses
• Estimation of historic flows: Water balance for water resources planning
and management.
• Estimation of projected flows: Climate change analysis.
• Drainage and flood control.
• Water supply and sanitation utility analysis.
• Hydroelectric Power Generation feasibility studies.
• Reservoir management and feasibility studies.
• Irrigation.
AHD for the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC)
▪ developed an AHD for the
entire LAC region:
HydroSHEEDS (NASA)
▪ Derived from SRTM terrain
data, as modified by USGS
– 15 –arc seconds pixels
▪ Data processed to create
drainage catchments
(polygons) and linear stream
segments (flow lines) with
connectivity
SRTM: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
Hydro-BID Flow Chart
Risk Analysis and
Specifications for
Adaptive Water
InfrastructureData InputsWater demand
Value of water
Water
allocation
model
(e.g.,
WEAP)
Analytical
Hydrography
Dataset
Delineated
Catchments and
Stream Network
Time series of
projected water
flows
GWLF
Rainfall-Runoff
Routing Model
Data Inputs
Land uses
Soil types
Rainfall
Temperature
Reference stream
flows for calibration
Sediment Loading
Reservoir Simulation
Groundwater
simulation
AHD for the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC) (cont.)
South America
• 193,000 catchments
and stream segments
• Average catchment
area: 92 km2
• Average stream
segment length: 11 km
Central America • 33,000 catchments and
stream segments
• Average catchment
area: 84 km2
• Average stream
segment length: 10 km
It delineates more than 230,000 basins with their respective river segments along LAC
Caribbean
• 3,300 catchments and
stream segments
• Average catchment
area: 72 km2
• Average stream
segment length: 11 km
Hydro-BID allows multiple scale water resources analysis.
Amazon
Basin
Marañón
Basin
Upstream
Catchments
Downstream
Catchments
ComponentsAHD for the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC) (cont.)
Connectivity between
Catchments and streams
Drainage
(upstream
and downstream)
ComponentsAHD for the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC) (cont.)
Components
Land Cover- USGS Soil- FAO
Precipitation-NOAA Temperature-NASA
Geographic Data Inputs
AHD for the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LAC) (cont.)
Hydrologic Model
▪ Based on the Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF)
Headwater reach flows
generated with GWLF
Outflow from catchment
after inflow + GWLF flow
subjected to routing method
Outflow from Watershed
Application of an RTI-
designed lag-routing
method from one
catchment to another to
compute flow at the
outlet
Climate Change Scenarios
• Allows to increase and decrease precipitation
and temperature on the catchments.
• Allows to input increase or decrease rate at
monthly scale
HydrCentro de soporte hydrobid(cesh)
WaterALLOC
• Disponibilidad Hídrica• Efectos del Cambio
Climático• Aguas Subterráneas• Transporte de Sedimentos• Embalses• Otorgas de agua• Calidad de las Aguas
• Mapas de Inundación, riesgo y vulnerabilidad
• Drenaje Urbano• Erosión y Deposición• Calidad de las Aguas• Rompimiento de Presas• Evaluación de
Infraestructura
• Sistema basado en GIS• Balances Hídricos• Análisis hidroeconómicos
Herramienta de Gestión de los Recursos Hídricos
Herramienta de Análisis de Inundaciones
Análisis de Demandas y Distribución de Agua
Hydro-BID I → Hydro-BID II
New Modules:
• Reservoires
• Sediments
• Groundwater
Sediment Loads from Watersheds
Sedday Sediment yield on a given day in (metric ton)
Qday Surface runoff generated in the day (mm/ha
Qpeak Peak flow computed as shown below (m3/s)
Area Drainage area
KUSLE Soil erosion factor (0.013 metric tom m2 hr/(m3-metricton cm))
CUSLE Cover management factor
PUSLE Support practice factor
LSUSLE Topographic factor
CFRG Coarse and fragmentation factor
Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation MUSLE (Williams, 1975)
Reservoir Simulation
Propiedades del Reservorio
▪ Reservorios individuales
▪ Múltiples reservorios
▪ Evolución diaria del
volumen del reservorio
▪ Método regional acoplado
▪ Link el modelo Hydro-BID de aguas superficiales con el modelo de
aguas subterránea MODFLOW u otros modelos
Surface water and groundwater interactions
Water Resource Allocation (permitting)
▪ Water Resource Allocation
(permitting)
– Existing abstractions and
returns
– New permits
– Analyze impacts
downstream allocation
– Deterministic and
probabilistic results
– Forecasts
Evaluation of Water Supply Risk: A
Model-based Approach at the
Braidwood Generating Station, Illinois
Permit
Location
New Permit
Hydro-BID Case Studies
Assessed potential changes in future water
availability under various climate change
scenarios
Rio Piura Basin
Hydrological and sediment load modeling in
Chanchay-Lambayeque basin. Modeled the
interaction between surface and groundwater
in the upper Piura basin
Chanchay-Lambayeque and Piura Basins
Implemented Hydro-BID at the national level
in Peru; 40 staff trained; 22 basins modeled
National
Assessed climate change impact on
proposed water investments for Quito’s
water supply
Chalpi Basin
Assessed optimal allocation of surface
water across agricultural and municipal
users by linking Hydro-BID with an
economic optimization model
Pernambuco State
Evaluated options for addressing seasonal
water shortages through improvements in
the efficiency of agricultural and urban
water uses
Rio Grande Basin
Compared two methods of sediment load
computations and provided sensitivity of
sediment loads to future climate changes
Bermejo River Basin
Implement Hydro-BID at the national
level; + 40 staff will be trained; + 15
basins will be modeled
National
Develop and operationalize an integrated
set of tools that support the achievement
of an optimized water management and
supply strategy
Implement Hydro-BID at the regional level
in Argentina
Regional
Implement Hydro-BID at the national
level in Guatemala
National
Completed
Ongoing
Future
Implement Hydro-BID at the national
level in Bolivia
National
▪ Escasez frecuente de agua en la
ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy
– 265,000 habitantes (2010)
– Rio Grande es la única fuente de
abastecimiento
▪ Restricciones de agua para irrigación
agrícola
– 34,000 ha de riego
Cuencas del Rio Grande y Rio San Francisco
San Salvador de Jujuy
Proveer medidas de adaptación que podrían satisfacer la demanda futura de agua para abastecimiento urbano y la demanda futura de agua para irrigación, considerando efectos del cambio climático
Case Study- Argentina: The Rio Grande Basin
▪ Demanda no-satisfecha, usando la proyección climática del CIMA
0
50
100
150
200
250
Reference CIMA Ensemble Reference CIMA Ensemble
Tota
l Unm
et W
ater
Dem
and,
Mm
3/ye
ar
2011-2020 2051-2060
Option 0 - Current Efficiency
Option 1 -Improved Urban Water Efficiency
Option 2 -Improved Irrigation Efficiency
Option 3 -Improved Urban and Irrigation Efficiency
0
50
100
150
200
250
Reference CIMA Ensemble Reference CIMA Ensemble
Tota
l Un
me
t W
ate
r D
em
an
d, M
m3
/ye
ar
2011-2020 2051-2060
Option 0 - Current Efficiency
Option 1 -Improved Urban Water Efficiency
Option 2 -Improved Irrigation Efficiency
Option 3 -Improved Urban and Irrigation Efficiency
Reducción en la demanda
no-satisfecha para el 2060:
Opción 1 11%
Opción 2 79%
Opción 3 85%
Case Study- Argentina: The Rio Grande Basin (Results)
ADAPTATION OPTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATE PROJECTIOS
▪ Análisis del Plan Maestro de
Agua Potable: impactos
climáticos en la oferta hidrica
▪ Se creó la base de datos
AHD de alta resolución para
delinear todas las cuencas
que abastecen a Quito.
▪ Área promedio de sub-
cuencas se redujo de 90 km2
a 5-10 km2.
Case Study- Ecuador (High Spatial Resolution-Hydro-BID)
Case Study – Peru, Phase I
Punte Sanchez
Tombo Grande
▪ Study Area: Piura Basin
▪ Objective: Assess potential impact of
climate change on water availability in Piura
Basin (Water Management Plans)
▪ Tasks:
– Build Hydro-BID model for Piura Basin
– Incorporate climate change projections
– Simulate water flow time series
▪ Results:
– Flows increase substantially during the middle
of the wet season under the “high emission”
scenario (CSIRO-A2). Total annual flow also
increases.
– Flows decrease modestly at the beginning and
end of the wet season under the “low emission”
scenario (CSIRO-B1). Total annual flow is close
to current levels.
Peru National- Capacity Building
Demandas y distribución de aguaHydroBID: aplicaciones principales
Inundaciones por rompimiento de presasHydroBID-FLOOD: aplicaciones principales
Inundaciones por elevación del nivel del mar
HydroBID-FLOOD: aplicaciones principales
GUYANA
Río KamaragPt= 40 MW
SURINAM
National Aggregated Downscaled Sub-regional Dynamics/Investments
Energy
Water
Land
Water - Supply
Water - Demands
To be developed..Infrastructure, investments
Land Use
Sub-Basin Systems Analysis
HydroBID Sub-Basins
HydroBID catchments Sub-region Focus
Region
Capacity Building
Hydro-BID trainee received certificate of completion of the Hydro-BID Workshop on December 14, 2016. Lima, Peru.
Thank you!
WWW.HYDROBIDLAC.ORG