Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low ...darkskyparks.splet.arnes.si/files/2010/09/Lastovo... · illumination level 3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks

Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level

3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010

Intelligent Lighting Design:

Difficulties to fulfill low illumination level

3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks

Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010

AAC Centro de Acústica Aplicada S.L. – Spain

Susana MalónAlberto Bañuelos

Ion FernándezUnai Baroja



AAC activities in urban areas in the lighting field

MASTER PLANS outdoor public illumination with the MAIN AIM

of avoid over lighting levels, reducing light pollution using

FRIENDLY dark sky designs, luminaries, lamps, etc

INVENTORY: luminaries, lamps, ballast, auxiliary systems, etc.

MEASUREMENTS: horizontal illuminance, electrical behavior, LP

ANALYSES and RESULTS: Em (lux) map, LP map,

MASTER PLAN: solutions (saving energy, reduce LP, economical

analyses of each one) and its planning along a period of time





INVENTORY (GIS map)



3D model of illumination level at ground level



3D model of illumination level above street



3D model of illumination level in facade





SOLUTIONS to get a better situation



UNE 3.201: Lighting roads RD 1890/2008 (Spain)

Levels based on UNE-EN 13201

Description area

Recommendations and regulations1

2

• Use and Main user

• Typical speed of main user

• Area geometry

• Traffic use

• Environmental and external influences



Designs following intelligent lighting criteria to avoid over

illumination levels and which follow recommendations to

reduce the light pollution, are always a goal.

Lighting parametres3

- Em (lux) - Lm (cd/m2) - Um (%) - Ev (lux) - Etc.

So, in this way, situations with very low traffic at night

exception in the fulfill of some of this parameters,

specially the UNIFORMITY



Em = 43 lx



Em = 170 lx

Milky Way

The Astronomers

Park



Em = 68 lx

Wetland of Salburua





Light trespass



area to be renewed in Villasana de Mena

Nowadays

Nowadays



Poor maintenance, inefficient and polluting luminaires





Miguel de Cervantes Street

Most recent replacement of some luminaries

with less light pollution,

but still 5% ULR



Lighting requirements

Em = 5,0 lux Emin = 1,0 lux

3

Um = 0,2S4

S5Em = 3,0 lux Emin = 0,2 lux Um = 0,2

RD 1890 (Spain)

CEN/TR-13.201

S4

•Main user: motorised traffic, pedestrian and cyclists

•Speed traffic > 5 and ≤ 30 Km/h

•Street in residencial area with very low traffic (< 4000)

•Parked vehicles are present

•Difficulty of navigational task: Normal

•Ambient luminance: rural



Fu ↓ ↓

Initial situation

ULR inst > 49%



Em = 4,0 lux Um = 0,17



The choice of the luminaries´ model has been easy



ULR inst ≈ 0%

Fu ↑ ↑

Final situation



ULR inst ≈ 0%ULR inst ≈ 0%

ULR inst 25% + 25%



ULR inst ≈ 0%

=

25% 25%

50%



Main problems

1.- To find the lamp power needed to achieve levels of 5 lux

HPS mínimun 50w

MH mínimun 35w White light problems

2.- Maintain the location of points of light d = 20-22 m



The first lighting design was done, exceeded required

levels of illumination, so we had to adjust the design as

follows:

To increase the mounting height from 3 to 5 m

To duplicate spacing luminaries (from 20 to 40m), that

is, DECREASING BY HALF the number of spotlight.

To reduce lamp power: 150w to 50w



Em = 13,3 lux Um = 0,24

Design 1 HPS 70w

d = 22 m

d = 20m



Em = 8,8 lux Um = 0,24

Design 2 HPS 50w



Em = 6,4 lux Um = 0,03

Design 3 HPS 70w

d = 44 m

d = 40m



Em = 4,5 lux Um = 0,03

Final design HPS 50w



RESULTS

Situation Initial Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Final

Luminarie

Mounting height (m) 3 5 5 5 5

Spacing (m) 20-22 20-22 20-22 40-44 40-44

Lamp power (w) HPS 150w HPS 70w HPS 70w HPS 70w HPS 50w

Em (lux): 4,0 13,3 8,8 6,4 4,5

Um: 0,17 0,24 0,24 0,03 0,03



CONCLUSIONS

It was possible to fulfill illuminance levels adjusted to lighting needs (5 lux)

This has been possible, increasing the mounting height of luminaire,

removing 50% of spotlight and reducing the minimum lamp power (50w)

However, this implies a very low uniformity

But the question is:

Must a rural area with extremely or very low traffic at night (near to

Natural, or protected areas, or not) respect the recommendations

of uniformity?

We do not think so



CONCLUSIONS

To ensure uniformity, it should increase almost twice the levels of

horizontal illuminance, which it is not necessary for the safety of the users

in this type of street.

At least, twice of power consumption

The risk to increase levels in other areas, generating a domino effect

The growth of light pollution levels

This implies



CONCLUSIONS

To avoid these problem, (light pollution in Natural areas)

International standards and good practice guides should

recommend

design requirements and priorities for the streets

were low illumination levels are enough

new solutions with HPS, or as an alternative, less than 50W.

Maybe LEDs technology more efficient and without blue

light

If not, probably



These pictures will be even more recurrent and frequent…



These pictures will be even more recurrent and frequent…




3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010AAC



However, this is our goal

Easter Island


3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010Sahara Night


3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks Lastovo Island, Croatia, 6th – 10th September 2010www.twanight.org

This is what we want

Alborz Mountains-Iran



Albert Einstein

Good lighting installations and dark sky

at the same time for everyone!!!

Thank you very much

There is a motive force more powerful than steam,

electricity and atomic energy:"The Will"

Documents

Intelligent Lighting Design: Difficulties to fulfill low ...darkskyparks.splet.arnes.si/files/2010/09/Lastovo... · illumination level 3rd International Symposium for Dark-sky Parks