Intelligent Critiquing of Design Sketches

Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D GrossComputational Design Lab, School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University

2004 AAAI Fall Symposium Making Pen-Based Interaction Intelligent and Natural

Outline

1. Motivation

2. Related Work

3. Design Evaluator

4. Discussion

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Motivation

Why do designers draw?

- Reflection-in-Action (Schön & Wiggins 1985) : seeing-moving-seeing cycle

- Restructuring & Emergence (Verstijinen 2001) : see another interpretation or alternative

- Visual Thinking and Imagery (Goldschmidt 1991) : Seeing as & Seeing that

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Visual Reasoning

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Architect Steven Holl’s Drawings

Design Critiques

Desk Crits: Reviewers (reframe design problem): Student (transfer/ restructure)

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Related Work

Critiquing System

: Offer feedback on design

Sketch Design

: Capture freehand drawing

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Related Work

Design Critiquing Systems

- KID (Kitchen Design) Fischer & Nakakoji et al. 1993

- Petri-NED (Petri-Net) Stolze 1994

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Related Work

Design Critiquing Systems

- FORNAX (Architectural drawings) novaMSC

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Related Work

Sketch Design

- SILK (GUI design) Landay & Myers 1995

- ASSIST (Mechanical device design) Davis et al 2002

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Related Work

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Sketch Design - Electronic Cocktail Napkin (Design platform) Gross & Do 1996

- COAs (Military action design) Forbus, Usher & Chapman 2004

Design Evaluator

Components - Sketch interface

- Domain knowledge [Critiques]

- Presentation of advice

Two example domains - Architectural floor plan (Hospital)

- Web page layout

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Design Evaluator

Overview

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DescriptionLayer

EvaluationLayer

VisualizationLayer

- Records and identifies

- Captures and parses

- Compares sketches against predicates

- Generates design critiques

- Displays critiques

Hospital Design

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Description Layer

Hospital floor plan diagram

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Zones, rooms, and doors

Description Layer

Interconnected objects

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Evaluation Layer

Rules coded as Lisp predicates (SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT SURGERY EMERGENCY-ROOM) (MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER)

Architectural floor plan rules : Room Placement (Zoning)

: Adjacency

: Room Sequence

: Minimum Area

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Architectural Floor Plan

Evaluation Layer

Room Placement (Zoning)(MUST-BE-IN Clinical-Zone (DAYWARD TRIAGE SURGERY …))

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Architectural Floor Plan

Adjacency –Circulation path(SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT ER INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT)

Evaluation Layer

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Room Sequence(MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER)

Architectural Floor Plan

Minimum Area(MINIMUM-AREA WARD 10000)

Visualization Layer

Verbal Critiques (text)

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Architectural Floor Plan

Visualization Layer

Graphical Annotation

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Architectural Floor Plan

Visualization Layer

3D Mock-up of Sketch Design

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Architectural Floor Plan

Web page layout design

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Description Layer

Web Page Layout 23

Web Page Layout

Screen, panels, images, texts

Evaluation Layer

Web Layout Rules (Nielson 2000, Ivory 2002)

(MAX-RATIO IMAGES-AREA SCREEN-AREA 50)

- Number of Images - Content Hierarchy - Image-Text Ratio - Color Scheme - Text – Background

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Web Page Layout

Visualization Layer Textual Critiques Graphical Annotation / Example Web Page

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Web Page Layout

Discussion

- Early design critiquing + freehand sketch

- Stimulate thinking, explore alternatives

- Integrate knowledge-based tools into design

- Critiques directly on drawing & various formats

- Design constraints → spatially expressed rules

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Future Work

Rules - more sophisticated design rules

- express rules graphically

Domains - geometry and elementary physics

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Design Evaluator

Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D GrossSchool of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University

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