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INTELLIGENCE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD. AFRICA DIALOGUE LECTURE SERIES CENTER FOR INTENATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA 22 NOVEMBER 2004. TODAY’S PRESENTATION. Divided in 2 Parts Part 1: Global Intelligence Setting Understanding Intelligence Globalisation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTELLIGENCE IN A INTELLIGENCE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLDGLOBALIZING WORLD
AFRICA DIALOGUE LECTURE SERIESAFRICA DIALOGUE LECTURE SERIES
CENTER FOR INTENATIONAL POLITICAL CENTER FOR INTENATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIESSTUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIAUNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA
22 NOVEMBER 200422 NOVEMBER 2004
TODAY’S PRESENTATIONTODAY’S PRESENTATION
Divided in 2 PartsDivided in 2 Parts
• Part 1: Global Intelligence SettingPart 1: Global Intelligence Setting
Understanding IntelligenceUnderstanding Intelligence
GlobalisationGlobalisation
Notable Global Intelligence TrendsNotable Global Intelligence Trends
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
TODAY’S PRESENTATIONTODAY’S PRESENTATION
• Part 2: South Africa’s Intelligence Part 2: South Africa’s Intelligence
DispensationDispensation
Legislative, Executive, Judicial and Civil Legislative, Executive, Judicial and Civil
Oversight institutionOversight institution Reflections of South Africa’s position in Reflections of South Africa’s position in
the worldthe world Concluding remarksConcluding remarks
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE SETTINGSETTING
PART 1
MISSION OF INTELLIGENCEMISSION OF INTELLIGENCE
The context of intelligence IS NOT the The context of intelligence IS NOT the
SAMESAME
The role and responsibilities remain The role and responsibilities remain
BROADLY SIMILAR though with specificity BROADLY SIMILAR though with specificity
of each situationof each situation• WARNWARN
• INFORMINFORM
• PREDICTPREDICT
• ADVISEADVISE
Area of focus: secret source collectionArea of focus: secret source collection
INTELLIGENCE CHARACTERINTELLIGENCE CHARACTER
RELIABLERELIABLE ACCURATEACCURATE TIMELY TIMELY USER-FRIENDLYUSER-FRIENDLY SECRET OR GIVE A NEW ANGLESECRET OR GIVE A NEW ANGLE EARLY WARNING/ PREDICTIVEEARLY WARNING/ PREDICTIVE
GLOBALISATIONGLOBALISATION
INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE CLOSE COOPERATIONCLOSE COOPERATION FREEDOM OF MOVEMENTFREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
• Goods and PeopleGoods and People FREE TRADE AND COMMERCEFREE TRADE AND COMMERCE
• Serious restrictions in some areasSerious restrictions in some areas MORE PRONOUNCED PROBLEMSMORE PRONOUNCED PROBLEMS
• Demography: Stresses OnlyDemography: Stresses Only• New economy: Stresses and New economy: Stresses and
OpportunitiesOpportunities
GLOBALISATIONGLOBALISATION
““Globalisation as a concept has to be Globalisation as a concept has to be avoided as “it leads to misdiagnoses, avoided as “it leads to misdiagnoses,
witch-hunts, and spectacular witch-hunts, and spectacular misunderstandings. And as the misunderstandings. And as the
debate gets muddled, we all end up debate gets muddled, we all end up distracted from one of the most distracted from one of the most
pressing challenges on this planet: pressing challenges on this planet: global problem-solving”. global problem-solving”.
Rischard JFRischard JFHigh Noon, 20 Global Problems 20 Years to solve them.High Noon, 20 Global Problems 20 Years to solve them.
GLOBALISATIONGLOBALISATION
““Nation-states are struggling. International Nation-states are struggling. International
institutions are in the doghouse. institutions are in the doghouse.
Politicians, with their short electoral Politicians, with their short electoral
horizons and their territorial bent, are n’t horizons and their territorial bent, are n’t
about to produce solutions to urgent global about to produce solutions to urgent global
issues. Nor will protesters, whose tendency issues. Nor will protesters, whose tendency
to see non-existent plots often impedes to see non-existent plots often impedes
their search for solutions – in fact, they their search for solutions – in fact, they
have offered few so farhave offered few so far.” .”
Rischard JFRischard JF
Demographic
Explosion
Unprecedented
Stresses
Technological
Revolution
Economic
Revolution
New World Economy
Unprecedented
Stresses
Unprecedented
Opportunities
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDSTRENDS
INTELLIGENCE RELEVANCE INTELLIGENCE RELEVANCE DEBATE HAS ENDEDDEBATE HAS ENDED• Shift towards effectiveness and Shift towards effectiveness and
coordination and cooperation coordination and cooperation within, between and amongst within, between and amongst ServicesServices
INTELLIGENCE AT THE CENTRE OF INTELLIGENCE AT THE CENTRE OF PEACE AND WARPEACE AND WAR• Change towards supporting war: Change towards supporting war:
global failureglobal failure
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDSTRENDS
MOVE FROM MILITARY FOCUS TO MOVE FROM MILITARY FOCUS TO HUMAN SECURITY FOCUSHUMAN SECURITY FOCUS
• Economic intelligenceEconomic intelligence• Environmental IntelligenceEnvironmental Intelligence
All military intervention aimed at All military intervention aimed at human security advancementhuman security advancement
• US, UK and AustraliaUS, UK and Australia
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDSTRENDS
PRIVATISATION OF SECURITY AND PRIVATISATION OF SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
• New threats: New threats:
contamination of crime scenescontamination of crime scenes
Proliferation of weapons in private handsProliferation of weapons in private hands
Cheque book colonialismCheque book colonialism
MercenarismMercenarism
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDSTRENDS
KEY DRIVERS OF PRIVATE INDUSTRYKEY DRIVERS OF PRIVATE INDUSTRY• Changed global security environmentChanged global security environment• Rising feelings of insecurity being unsafeRising feelings of insecurity being unsafe
MOVEMENT TO AVOWED MOVEMENT TO AVOWED INTELLIGENCE SERVICES FROM NON-INTELLIGENCE SERVICES FROM NON-AVOWALAVOWAL
INCREASING INTELLIGENCE INCREASING INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT DISPENSATIONSOVERSIGHT DISPENSATIONS
• Information sharing and co-supervision Information sharing and co-supervision needneed
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDSTRENDS
INCREASING CIVIL SOCIETY INTEREST INCREASING CIVIL SOCIETY INTEREST IN INTELLIGENCE MATTERS:IN INTELLIGENCE MATTERS:
• Lack of access to information: stumbling Lack of access to information: stumbling blockblock
• Domination of Western and US Domination of Western and US information a probleminformation a problem
• [Need for local stories and more varied][Need for local stories and more varied] CRITICAL FOCUS ON INTELLIGENCE CRITICAL FOCUS ON INTELLIGENCE
PRODUCTSPRODUCTS• Actionable Intelligence esp. on Actionable Intelligence esp. on
International TerrorismInternational Terrorism
GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDSTRENDS
INCREASING RESOURCE ALLOCATIONINCREASING RESOURCE ALLOCATION• AustraliaAustralia• CanadaCanada• KenyaKenya• IndonesiaIndonesia• USAUSA
MORE PROTECTION FOR SOURCES, MORE PROTECTION FOR SOURCES, METHODS AND TOUGHER ESPIONAGE METHODS AND TOUGHER ESPIONAGE LAWS (SECURITY LAWS)LAWS (SECURITY LAWS)
SA INTELLIGENCE SA INTELLIGENCE DISPENSATIONDISPENSATION
PART 2
INTELLIGENCE MISSION IN INTELLIGENCE MISSION IN RSARSA
Safeguarding of the ConstitutionSafeguarding of the Constitution Upholding of individual rightsUpholding of individual rights Promotion of security, stability, Promotion of security, stability,
cooperation and developmentcooperation and development Achievement of national prosperityAchievement of national prosperity Active contribution to global peace Active contribution to global peace
and other global defined priorities and other global defined priorities Improve ability to face foreign threats Improve ability to face foreign threats
and to enhance its competitivenessand to enhance its competitiveness
EXPECTATIONS OF EXPECTATIONS OF INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
““South Africa became a democratic South Africa became a democratic country in 1994… but that didn’t country in 1994… but that didn’t mean that all our problems had mean that all our problems had been solved, because clearly there been solved, because clearly there are some things that are are some things that are happening in our society which happening in our society which threaten that democracy… The threaten that democracy… The question therefore must arise as to question therefore must arise as to what capacity we have to deal with what capacity we have to deal with those threats…”those threats…”
INTELLIGENCE DISPENSATION
COURTS
JUDGES OFHIGH COURTS
JUDICAL OVERSIGHT
JUD
ICA
L A
PP
RO
VA
LF
OR
OP
ER
AT
ION
S (127’s)
CABINET
PRESIDENT
CABINETCOMMITTEES
NATIONALSECURITYCOUNCIL
MINISTER
NICOC
OFFICE PRESIDENCY
EXECUTIVE OVERSIGHT
DG CLUSTER NSC DG CLUSTER
SANDF SAPS
DFA
NICOC STAFF
NIA SASS
MINISTRY STAFF
ACT 39/94
ACT 38/94
AC
T 40/94
PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT
PUBLIC PROTECTOR
HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
PUBLIC
JOINT STANDING COMMITTEE
ON INTELLIGENCE
INSPECTOR GENERAL
AUDITOR GENERAL
JOINT STANDING COMMITTEE
ON INTELLIGENCE
PARLIAMENT
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF PROVINCES
LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHTLEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT
MINISTRY
SANAI NCC NIA SASS
CABINET
COMSEC
ISC
PSUOIC
OIGI
MACT
EXECUTIVE OVERSIGHTEXECUTIVE OVERSIGHTEXECUTIVE OVERSIGHTEXECUTIVE OVERSIGHT
PRESIDENT
MINISTER FOR INTELLIGENCESERVICES
NICOC
CIVIL OVERSIGHTCIVIL OVERSIGHT
PUBLIC PROTECTOR
COMMISSION FOR THE PROMOTION
OF THE RIGHTS OF CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS AND LUNGUISTIC
COMMUNITIES
HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
COMISSION FOR GENDER EQUALITY
ELECTORAL COMMISSIONAUDITOR-GENERAL
INSTITUTIONS SUPPORTING DEMOCRACY
Act 65/2002 COMSEC 68/2002Act 40/1994
PRESIDENCY
NCCJOINT STANDING
COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE
INSPECTORGENERAL
NIA
SASS
SANAI
NICOC
SANDF(DI)
NIA
SASS
DFA
SAPS (CI)
PRESIDENCY
MINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITYMINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITY
MINISTER FOR INTELLIGENCE SERVICES
Act 39/1994
Regulation on Interception of CommunicationAnd Provision of Communication Related
Act 70/2002
InterceptionCenters
NICOC COMPOSITIONNICOC COMPOSITION
COORDINATOR FORINTELLIGENCE
Section 4(1)(b)(CHAIR)
HEAD CRIMEINTELLIGENCE (SAPS)
Section 4(1)(f)
DG SASSSection 4(1)(d)
DG NIASection 4(1)(c)
CHIEF DEFENCEINTELLIGENCESection 4(1)(e)
DG DFA(Co-opted)
DG Presidency(Co-opted)
MINISTER Control, functioning & supervision of NICOC
CABINETCABINET
ECONOMICSECTOR (ES)
CAB COMMITTEECH-PRES
ECONOMICSECTOR (ES)
CAB COMMITTEECH-PRES
NATIONALSECURITYCOUNCIL
(NSC)
NATIONALSECURITYCOUNCIL
(NSC)
GOVERNMENT ANDADMINISTRATION
(G&A)CAB COMMITTEE
CH-PRES
GOVERNMENT ANDADMINISTRATION
(G&A)CAB COMMITTEE
CH-PRES
INTERNATIONALRELATIONS PEACE
AND SECURITY (IRPS)CAB COMMITTEE
CH-PRES
INTERNATIONALRELATIONS PEACE
AND SECURITY (IRPS)CAB COMMITTEE
CH-PRES
SOCIALSECTOR (SS)
CAB COMMITTEECH- DEP PRES
SOCIALSECTOR (SS)
CAB COMMITTEECH- DEP PRES
INVESTMENT ANDEMPLOYMENT (IE)CAB COMMITTEE
CH-PRES
INVESTMENT ANDEMPLOYMENT (IE)CAB COMMITTEE
CH-PRES
JUSTICE CRIMEPREVENTION &
SECURITY (JCPS)CAB COMMITTEE
CH- DEP PRES
JUSTICE CRIMEPREVENTION &
SECURITY (JCPS)CAB COMMITTEE
CH- DEP PRES
NICOCNICOC
NSCDG
COMM
NSCDG
COMM
JOINTSJOINTS
ES DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEE
CH – DG AGRIC
ES DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEE
CH – DG AGRIC
G&A DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEE
CH – PRES OFF DG
G&A DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEE
CH – PRES OFF DG
IRPS DG CLUSTER COMMITTEECH – DG DFA
IRPS DG CLUSTER COMMITTEECH – DG DFA
SS DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEE
CH – DG WELFARE
SS DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEE
CH – DG WELFARE
IE DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEECH –DG DTI
IE DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEECH –DG DTI
JCPS DG CLUSTER COMMITTEE
CH – NAT COMM
JCPS DG CLUSTER COMMITTEE
CH – NAT COMM
NICOC CLIENTS
THANKTHANKYOUYOU
COMPILED BY NICOCSeptember 2004
INTELLIGENCE IN THE ERA INTELLIGENCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATIONOF GLOBALISATION
INTELLIGENCE IN THE ERA INTELLIGENCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATIONOF GLOBALISATION
22 NOVEMBER 2004
UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA
NATIONAL NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE
AGENCYAGENCY
INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
To gather, correlate, evaluate and To gather, correlate, evaluate and analyse domestic intelligenceanalyse domestic intelligence
To fulfill the national counter-To fulfill the national counter-intelligence responsibilityintelligence responsibility
To gather intelligence at the request To gather intelligence at the request of any interested department of of any interested department of state and to transmit it to the state and to transmit it to the relevant department and to NICOCrelevant department and to NICOC
To supply intelligence to NICOC for To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretationcoordination and interpretation
POLITICAL INTELLIGENCEPOLITICAL INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence on all issues in the Intelligence on all issues in the political sphere having an effect political sphere having an effect or potential effect on stability or potential effect on stability and security.and security.
AREA OF INTEREST: AREA OF INTEREST: COUNTER INTELLIGENCECOUNTER INTELLIGENCE
Focus Area: EspionageFocus Area: Espionage Focus Area: ProliferationFocus Area: Proliferation Focus Area: Cyber ThreatsFocus Area: Cyber Threats Focus Area: Protective SecurityFocus Area: Protective Security Focus Area: Information SecurityFocus Area: Information Security
SOUTH AFRICAN SOUTH AFRICAN SECRET SERVICESECRET SERVICE
To gather, correlate, evaluate and To gather, correlate, evaluate and analyse foreign intelligence, excluding analyse foreign intelligence, excluding foreign military intelligenceforeign military intelligence
To institute counter-intelligence To institute counter-intelligence measures within the servicemeasures within the service
To gather departmental intelligence To gather departmental intelligence at the request of any interested at the request of any interested department of state and to transmit it department of state and to transmit it to the department and to NICOCto the department and to NICOC
To supply intelligence to NICOC for To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretationcoordination and interpretation
SASS: INTELLIGENCE SASS: INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
SASS CORE BUSINESSSASS CORE BUSINESS
NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE
POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE
Information is provided on significant economic developments to support the strategic goals of Departments of State, Parastatals and Private Companies abroad and contribute to the RSA’s economic security and wellbeing.
SASS provides an essential information service for the strategic management of the political, economic and national security interests of South Africa by its government. This is done within the following three critical performance areas:
Information is provided on significant political events in the domestic theatre of a country and Multilateral Organisations, which impact on South Africa’s foreign policy objectives and the interests of SADC, AU as well as the Developing World.
Information is provided on developments in the domestic theatre of a country or multilateral organisation, which impact on South Africa’s national security
NATIONAL NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
CENTRECENTRE
““A World Leader in Signals A World Leader in Signals
Intelligence and Communications Intelligence and Communications
Security”Security”
““A World Leader in Signals A World Leader in Signals
Intelligence and Communications Intelligence and Communications
Security”Security”
NCC VISIONNCC VISION
To provide signals intelligence in To provide signals intelligence in support of National Policy objectives;support of National Policy objectives;
To provide communications security To provide communications security thus enhancing national security;thus enhancing national security;
To develop and retain highly skilled, To develop and retain highly skilled, professional and motivated personnelprofessional and motivated personnel
MISSION OF THE NCCMISSION OF THE NCC
The Global Collection (Offensive) and The Global Collection (Offensive) and
Protection (Defensive) of electronic Protection (Defensive) of electronic
communications in the interest of communications in the interest of
national security national security
The Global Collection (Offensive) and The Global Collection (Offensive) and
Protection (Defensive) of electronic Protection (Defensive) of electronic
communications in the interest of communications in the interest of
national security national security
NCC CORE BUSINESSNCC CORE BUSINESS
SOUTH AFRICAN SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL ACADEMY NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF INTELLIGENCEOF INTELLIGENCE (SANAI) (SANAI)
CORE FUNCTIONS: SANAICORE FUNCTIONS: SANAI
Deliver intelligence training and Deliver intelligence training and developmentdevelopment
Research on topical issuesResearch on topical issues Provide a resource centre for trainingProvide a resource centre for training Studies on:Studies on:
• CollectionCollection• Security issuesSecurity issues• Analytical methodologyAnalytical methodology• Training methodologiesTraining methodologies
SANAI MISSIONSANAI MISSIONSANAI MISSIONSANAI MISSION
To train a cadre-ship of loyal, To train a cadre-ship of loyal, committed, knowledgeable and committed, knowledgeable and
competent intelligence competent intelligence professionals delivering quality professionals delivering quality
intelligence products and services intelligence products and services for the well-being of the people of for the well-being of the people of
South Africa and the African South Africa and the African continentcontinent
CEO/PRINCIPAL
DEPUTY PRINCIPAL
CORPORATE SERVICES
Auxiliary
Finance
Human Resources
STRATEGIC SERVICES
Centre for Education, Training & development
Security
Client Liaison Communications
Legal
ACADEMIC FACULTY
Dept of Analysis, Intelligence & Strategic Studies
Dept of Operational Training
Dept of Management & General Studies
KEY FUNCTIONS : SANAIKEY FUNCTIONS : SANAIKEY FUNCTIONS : SANAIKEY FUNCTIONS : SANAI
INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCESERVICES COUNCIL SERVICES COUNCIL ON CONDITIONS OF ON CONDITIONS OF
SERVICESERVICE
scintel ligence services council
To initiate institutional change within the Civilian Intelligence Community
To develop and review the Regulations and to monitor the implementation thereof
To develop a consultation and mandating framework
To develop and implement a communication and marketing plan
To build and nurture core business delivery capacity
KEY STRATEGIC KEY STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: ISCOBJECTIVES: ISC
scintel ligence services council
Conduct research on Conditions of Service and HR matters; Review policies as developed by Services/Agencies Evaluate and monitor the implementation of such policies Invite the Directors-General, the Chief Executive Officer, the
Chairpersons of the Staff forums, members and any other interested party to give presentation on any matter relating to the purview of its functions
Confer with the Public Service Commission Assist in ensuring effective HR utilization Provide guidelines/framework on Organizational Diagnosis and
Development Ensure compliance with broader Intelligence Regulations on HR
and Conditions of Service Provide advice on HR practices Drive the process and implementation of Veterans Association
legal formation and implementation of the Strategic Plan.
CONFIDENTIAL
FUNCTIONS: ISCFUNCTIONS: ISC scintel ligence services council
DEFENCE DEFENCE INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
To gather, correlate, evaluate and To gather, correlate, evaluate and use foreign military intelligenceuse foreign military intelligence
Institute counter-intelligence Institute counter-intelligence measures within the SANDFmeasures within the SANDF
To supply intelligence to NICOC for To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretationcoordination and interpretation
SANDF: INTELLIGENCE SANDF: INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
OUTPUT OF DIOUTPUT OF DI
Participates in national intelligence Participates in national intelligence structuresstructures
Ensure “checks and balances” in Ensure “checks and balances” in respect of the national intelligence respect of the national intelligence picturepicture
LEGAL MANDATELEGAL MANDATE
Constitution, Act 108 of 1996Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 Defence Act, Act 42, 2002Defence Act, Act 42, 2002 National Strategic Intelligence Act, National Strategic Intelligence Act,
Act 39 of 1994 Act 39 of 1994 Intelligence Service Control Act, Intelligence Service Control Act,
Act 40 of 1994 Act 40 of 1994 SANDF and DI Policy DirectivesSANDF and DI Policy Directives
Crime Crime IntelligenceIntelligence
To gather, correlate, evaluate and To gather, correlate, evaluate and use crime intelligenceuse crime intelligence
To institute counter-intelligence To institute counter-intelligence measures within SAPSmeasures within SAPS
To supply intelligence to NICOC for To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretationcoordination and interpretation
SAPS: INTELLIGENCE SAPS: INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
PRODUCTION CYCLEPRODUCTION CYCLE
MultipleSource
Collection
NIE and NIP
Verification
Service CollectionPriorities
Analysis
Production,
Dissemination
and Feedback
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Moral authority and responsibility for Moral authority and responsibility for Africa’s futureAfrica’s future
Problem solving through a good Problem solving through a good intelligence systemintelligence system
Robust interaction between intelligence Robust interaction between intelligence and government policy is and government policy is essentialessential
Strive to ensure peace Strive to ensure peace and stability and stability
Development of our country, Development of our country, region & continent region & continent