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Intelligence
http://content8.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/www.sciencedaily.com/img/BB42D239-0308-460C-B1DF-8E84149639BA
Ways of Defining IntelligenceConsisting of:
Capacity to learn from experienceAbility to adapt to environmentMetacognition:
Ability to understand and control your own thinking
Ability to deal with complexity
What intelligence tests measure
Cultural definitions
Early Measures of Intelligence
http://imjustaguy.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/iq_bell_curve.gif
Two approaches: Binet – scholastically-based
Intelligence quotient
Current Intelligence TestsStanford-Binet
Wechsler (see handout)Verbal scorePerformance scoreOverall score
Debated Questions about IntelligenceIs intelligence singular or multiple?
Is intelligence inherited?
Are intelligence tests biases?
Arguments against a general intelligence factorArchitecture of the brain – modularity
Artificial Intelligence research
Most IQ studies done on middle-class Americans
IQ tests do not test practical intelligence
Gardner- Multiple IntelligencesLinguisticLogical-MathematicalSpatialMusicalBodily-kinestheticInterpersonalIntrapersonalNaturalist
Gardner’s Criteria for Identifying Intelligences1. Brain damage2. Exceptional individuals3. Core operations4. Developmental history5. Evolutionary history6. Supportive evidence from cognitive-
experimental research7. Supportive evidence from psychometric
tests8. Symbol system
Biological Basis of IntelligenceSize of brain
Speed of nerve conduction
Efficiency of brain
Twins studies
Can intelligence change over your lifetime?
The Bell Curve & Social IntelligenceThe Bell Curve
Intelligence is a single propertyIntelligence is distributed in the population in
a bell curveIntelligence is inheritedLow intelligence leads to social pathologyImplied: blacks more likely to have low IQ
than whites
Social IntelligenceOne important type of intelligence ignored in
psychology