Intellectual Property Rights H e l p d e s k Intellectual Property and the IPR-Helpdesk A presentation by Mónica Miñana

Intellectual Property Rights H e l p d e s k

Intellectual Property and the

IPR-HelpdeskA presentation by

Mónica Miñana

IPR are necessary because...

IPR are necessary because...

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yL E G A L T E A

ML E G A L T E A

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It is impossible to protect intellectual creations by the mere

It is impossible to protect intellectual creations by the mere

Once an intellectual creation is made available to the public,the creator can

Once an intellectual creation is made available to the public,the creator canno longer exercise control overno longer exercise control over

his creationhis creation

possession of an objectpossession of an object

Why IPR?


ML E G A L T E A

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IPR are meant to balanceIPR are meant to balance

Rewarding

creatorsand inventors for

innovation

Rewarding

creatorsand inventors for

innovation

Promoting access to science,

technology and culture, for business and the general public

Promoting access to science,

technology and culture, for business and the general public

22objectivesobjectives

Why IPR?


ML E G A L T E A

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IPR arelegal rightswhich protect

IPR arelegal rightswhich protect

Results ofintellectual activityand creations of the mind

Results ofintellectual activityand creations of the mindIn the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields

In the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields

What is IPR?

Applying for protection or keeping secrecy?I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Keeping Secret

Keeping SecretCompetitors do not get

know-howCompetitors do not get

know-how

Applying for Protection

Applying for Protection

Once publishedno protection possible

Once publishedno protection possibleNo protectioncosts

No protectioncostsCompetitors can developthe same idea and

protect it(Claim of pre-use possible)

Competitors can developthe same idea and

protect it(Claim of pre-use possible)

Publication after

several months

Publication after

several monthsNot necessary to keep secret

Not necessary to keep secretCompetitors cannot have

an exclusive right for the same development

Competitors cannot have

an exclusive right for the same development


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NO LIMITATIONSNO LIMITATIONSon the type of developmenton the type of development

NO SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTS

NO SUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTSno novelty nor inventiveness criteriano novelty nor inventiveness criteria

NO FORMAL REQUIREMENTS

NO FORMAL REQUIREMENTSProduces rights upon conceptionProduces rights upon conception

INDEFINITE TERM OF PROTECTION

INDEFINITE TERM OF PROTECTION

LOSS OF EXCLUSIVITYLOSS OF EXCLUSIVITY

WEAK SANCTIONS AGAINST THEFTWEAK SANCTIONS AGAINST THEFT

when information passes into public domainwhen information passes into public domain

Trade secrets

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yIPR Strategy

How can I keep the costs down ?

How can I keep the costs down ?

Which IPR shall I choose ?Which IPR shall I choose ?

How can I get abroader protection ?How can I get abroader protection ?

How can I get protectionfor a follow up of my ideas ?How can I get protectionfor a follow up of my ideas ?

1.1.2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y L E G A L T E A

ML E G A L T E A

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IPR StrategyIPR Strategy

PatentsPatents

Trade MarksTrade Marks

Utility ModelsUtility Models

Industrial Designs

Industrial Designs

CopyrightCopyright

Technical inventionsTechnical inventions

Technical inventionsTechnical inventions

Marks for products, services

Marks for products, services

DesignsDesigns Creative worksCreative works

NewInventive stepIndustrial application




2D or 3D pictures, words, names, colours or sounds

2D or 3D pictures, words, names, colours or sounds(Protectable subject

matter can be restricted)

(Protectable subject matter can be restricted)

ShapeShape Literary, graphic or musical works, software, databases

Literary, graphic or musical works, software, databases

Duration: 20 yearsDuration: 20 years Duration: ±10 years (variable in the EU)

Duration: ±10 years (variable in the EU)

Duration: 10 years indefinitely renewable

Duration: 10 years indefinitely renewable

Duration: 5 renewable to up to 25 years (according to Directive 98/71 on the protection of designs-transposition mandatory by Oct 2001)

Duration: 5 renewable to up to 25 years (according to Directive 98/71 on the protection of designs-transposition mandatory by Oct 2001)

Duration: Author’s lifetime + 70 years

Duration: Author’s lifetime + 70 years

Instruments:-National patents-Euro-patent application-PCT applications

Instruments:-National patents-Euro-patent application-PCT applications

Instruments:-National Utility Models(not available in all EU)

Instruments:-National Utility Models(not available in all EU)

Instruments:-National TM-Community TM (OHIM)-International registration

Instruments:-National TM-Community TM (OHIM)-International registration

Instruments:-National Industrial Designs-International deposit of Industrial Designs

Instruments:-National Industrial Designs-International deposit of Industrial Designs

Competent authorities:-National Patent Offices-EPO-WIPO

Competent authorities:-National Patent Offices-EPO-WIPO

Competent authorities:-National Patent Offices

Competent authorities:-National Patent Offices

Competent authorities:-National TM Offices-WIPO-OHIM

Competent authorities:-National TM Offices-WIPO-OHIM

Competent authorities:-National Offices-WIPO-OHIM

Competent authorities:-National Offices-WIPO-OHIM

No registration(the protection arises from the mere fact of the creation)

No registration(the protection arises from the mere fact of the creation)


ML E G A L T E A

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20 years

from date of filing

(5 years extension for

pharmaceutical)

20 years

from date of filing

(5 years extension for

pharmaceutical)

Exploitation rights

Right to prohibit others to make,

use, sell patented inventionsExploitation rights

Right to prohibit others to make,

use, sell patented inventions

RegistrationRegistration

Technical

InventionsTechnical

Inventions

Term of protectionTerm of protection

Scope of protectionScope of protection

Formalprotectability requirementsFormalprotectability requirements

Substantiveprotectability requirementsSubstantiveprotectability requirements

•Novelty

•Inventive

step•Industrial

application

•Novelty

•Inventive

step•Industrial

application

SubjectmatterSubjectmatterp

ate

nt

pate

ntIP means of protection: patent

Patent legal sourcesI n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Paris Conventionfor the protection of industrial property (1883)

Paris Conventionfor the protection of industrial property (1883)

National legislation


+

PCT Patent Co-operation Treaty (Washington, 1970)

PCT Patent Co-operation Treaty (Washington, 1970)

EPCEuropean Patent Convention (Munich, 1973)

EPCEuropean Patent Convention (Munich, 1973)

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yPresentation of the EPOPresentation of the EPO

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

European Patent OfficeEuropean Patent OfficeEstablished in 1977Established in 1977

Headquarters in MunichHeadquarters in MunichBranch in The HagueBranch in The HagueSub-offices in Berlin and ViennaSub-offices in Berlin and Vienna

Around 3,800 staffAround 3,800 staff

113 340 applications in 1998113 340 applications in 1998

36 718 patents granted in 199836 718 patents granted in 1998444 000 patents granted since 1977444 000 patents granted since 1977

EPC Member Countries EPC Member Countries

+ +

+ +

Bilateral agreements concluded with :Bilateral agreements concluded with :

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yEU Patent SystemEU Patent System

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Legal basisLegal basis

Procedure language

Procedure language

Countries coveredCountries covered

EPC 1973EPC 1973

Bilateral agreements concluded with :Bilateral agreements concluded with :

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yMajor Procedure Phase in Patent OfficesMajor Procedure Phase in Patent Offices

Filing

Filing

SearchSearch

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Publication

Publication

Withdrawal

Withdrawal

Request for

examination

Request for

examinationSubstantive

examination

Substantive

examinationExaminati

on reportExamination report

Refusal(decision may be

appealed)

Refusal(decision may be

appealed)Announcement

of grantAnnouncement

of grant

WithdrawalWithdrawal

Publication of patent

Publication of patent

OppositionOpposition

Revocation

(decision may be appealed)

Revocation


Maintenance


Maintenance


EPO

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yCost of an average European Patent*Cost of an average European Patent*

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

EPO feesEPO fees

Translationin the contracting

states

Translationin the contracting

states

Filing phase . . . . . . . . .€800

Filing phase . . . . . . . . .€800Examination phase . .€2 000Examination phase . .€2 000Grant phase . . . . . . . .€1 500Grant phase . . . . . . . .€1 500

± €4 300± €4 300

± €11 500± €11 500

14%14%

39%39%

Professional representation

Professional representation

Nationalrenewal fees

Nationalrenewal fees

before the EPObefore the EPO

± €8 500± €8 500

± €5 500± €5 500

29%29%

18%18%

±€29 800±€29 800±€29 800±€29 800

* 8 States, 10-year term* 8 States, 10-year term

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yCommunity PatentCommunity Patent

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

The Luxembourg Conventionwas concluded in 1975

The Luxembourg Conventionwas concluded in 1975

Towards a

single unitary and autonomous Patent effective throughout the territory of the EU

Towards a

single unitary and autonomous Patent effective throughout the territory of the EU

(Modified in 1989)(Modified in 1989)

Never ratifiedmainly because of compulsory translation in 11 languages that would be needed

Never ratifiedmainly because of compulsory translation in 11 languages that would be needed

I n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t yCommunity PatentCommunity Patent

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Differences between...Differences between...

Only 1 patentOnly 1 patent As many patents as designated countries

As many patents as designated countries

European PatentEuropean Patent

Community PatentCommunity Patent

Governed by National Laws

Governed by National Laws

Governed by Community Laws

Governed by Community Laws

Selective designation of countries

Selective designation of countries

Effective in all the EU territory

Effective in all the EU territory

IP means of protection: utility modelI n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Variable in the EU

±10 years

(shorter than patent)Variable in the EU

±10 years

(shorter than patent)

Exploitation rights

Right to prohibit others from

making, using, selling...Exploitation rights


making, using, selling...


“small”

inventions“small”

inventions





•Novelty

•Certain

inventive

effort•Technical

utilitary

function

•Novelty

•Certain

inventive

effort•Technical

utilitary

function

SubjectmatterSubjectmatter

mod

el

mod

el

uti

lity

uti

lity


ML E G A L T E A

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IP means of protection: utility model

National protectionNational protection

Harmonisation at EU levelHarmonisation at EU level

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

COM(1999) 309 final: Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive approximatingthe legal arrangements for the protection of inventions by utility models (25 June 99)

COM(1997) 691 final: Proposal for a Directive approximatingthe legal arrangements for the protection of inventions by utility models (16 December 1997)

National Utility Models (not available in all EU)(Protectable subject matter can be restricted)(Protectable subject matter can be restricted)


ML E G A L T E A

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10 years

renewable

indefinitely10 years

renewable

indefinitely

Exploitation rights


using identical signs for identical

goods or services

Exploitation rights


using identical signs for identical

goods or services

Use+registrationUse+registration

signssigns





•Distinctivenes

s•Novelty

•Distinctivenes

s•Novelty


mark

mark

trad

etr

ad

eIP means of protection: trade marks


ML E G A L T E A

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IP means of protection: trade marks

National TM (National TM Offices)National TM (National TM Offices)

Community TM (OHIM Office for

Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante)

Community TM (OHIM Office for

Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante)

International registration under Madrid Convention and Protocol (World Intellectual Property Organisation)

International registration under Madrid Convention and Protocol (World Intellectual Property Organisation)


ML E G A L T E A

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IP means of protection: trade marks

Community TM (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante) Community TM (OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market - Alicante)

Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade markthe Community trade mark

Commission Regulation (EC) No 2868/95 of 13 December Commission Regulation (EC) No 2868/95 of 13 December 1995 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 on the 1995 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 on the Community trade markCommunity trade mark

Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade markthe Community trade mark

Commission Regulation (EC) No 2868/95 of 13 December Commission Regulation (EC) No 2868/95 of 13 December 1995 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 on the 1995 implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 on the Community trade markCommunity trade mark

Legal basis

Harmonisation at EU levelFirst directive 89/104/ECC of the Council, of 21 December First directive 89/104/ECC of the Council, of 21 December 1988, to approximate the laws of the Member States 1988, to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marksrelating to trade marks

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

IP means of protection: design + modelI n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

5 years- renewable

to up to 25 years5 years- renewable

to up to 25 years

Exploitation rights


making or selling an article

bearing substantial copy of the

design

Exploitation rights


making or selling an article

bearing substantial copy of the

design


ornamental and

non functional

feature or shape

of an industrial articleornamental and

non functional

feature or shape

of an industrial article





•Novelty (originality)

•Design not dictated by

technical or functional

considerations•Novelty (originality)

•Design not dictated by

technical or functional

considerations


mod

el

mod

el

desig

nd

esig

n ++


ML E G A L T E A

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IP means of protection: design + model

National protectionNational protection

International registration under the Hague Agreement (World Intellectual Property Organisation)

International registration under the Hague Agreement (World Intellectual Property Organisation)

Duality of protection: design/model + copyright at- national level and

- international level (Bern and Geneva conventions).

Duality of protection: design/model + copyright at- national level and

- international level (Bern and Geneva conventions).


ML E G A L T E A

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IP means of protection: design + model

Community Design (OHIM Office for Harmonisation

in the Internal Market - Alicante)

Community Design (OHIM Office for Harmonisation

in the Internal Market - Alicante)

COM(1999) 310 final: Amended proposal for a CouncilRegulation on the European Community Design (21 June 99)

COM(1993) 342 final: Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Regulation on Community Design

Harmonisation at EU levelHarmonisation at EU level

Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 on the legal protection of designs

IP means of protection: copyrightI n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Author’s

lifetime+

70 yearsAuthor’s

lifetime+

70 years

Exploitation rights

Reproduction and

performing rights

Moral right Exploitation rights

Reproduction and

performing rights

Moral right

No registrationNo registration

form of expression of

creation in the

literary and artistic

domain, software,

databases,etc.

form of expression of

creation in the

literary and artistic

domain, software,

databases,etc.





•Form

creation

•Originality•Form

creation

•Originality


cop

yri

gh

tcop

yri

gh

t

Copyright legal sourcesI n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M

Bern Conventionfor the protection of literary and artistic works (1886)

Bern Conventionfor the protection of literary and artistic works (1886)Community

DirectivesCommunity Directives

• Protection of Computer Programs (Directive 91/250/EEC)• Rental and lending (Directive 92/100/EEC)• Television without frontiers (Directive 89/552/EEC)• Cable and satellite (Directive 93/83/EEC)• Term of protection (Directive 93/98/EEC)• Protection of databases (Directive 96/9/EC)

• Protection of Computer Programs (Directive 91/250/EEC)• Rental and lending (Directive 92/100/EEC)• Television without frontiers (Directive 89/552/EEC)• Cable and satellite (Directive 93/83/EEC)• Term of protection (Directive 93/98/EEC)• Protection of databases (Directive 96/9/EC)



6

+

Combined protectionI n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y

Aesthetic aspectsAesthetic aspectsof the telephoneof the telephone

Industrial

designs

Industrial

designs

Operating softwareOperating softwareintegrated interfaces,games, etc.

integrated interfaces,games, etc. copyrig

ht

copyright

Layout-designLayout-designof electronic circuitsof electronic circuitstopography of

integrated

circuitstopography of

integrated

circuits Innovati

veInnovativeantenna, keyboardor battery, etc.antenna, keyboardor battery, etc.patents

utility m

odelspatents

utility m

odels

Brand nameBrand nameof the manufacturer and of the product, logos, etc.

of the manufacturer and of the product, logos, etc.

trade

markstrade

marks

L E G A L T E A M

L E G A L T E A M


ML E G A L T E A

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Exploitation of IPRs: different goalsExploitation of IPRs: different goals

Exploitation of IPRs

Defending against competitorsDefending against competitors

Creation of prior artCreation of prior art

Litigation, etc.Litigation, etc.

Transfer of technology: sale, licence and know-how contracts

Transfer of technology: sale, licence and know-how contracts


ML E G A L T E A

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Transfer of technology (different legal methods*)

Transfer of technology (different legal methods*)


SaleSale

License

Sale by the patent owner (‘assignor’)Sale by the patent owner (‘assignor’)

Of all the exclusive rights to a patented inventionOf all the exclusive rights to a patented invention

Purchase by another person (‘assignee’) of those rightsPurchase by another person (‘assignee’) of those rights

*explanation limited to patents (for reasons of simplicity)*explanation limited to patents (for reasons of simplicity)

Legal act giving by the patent owner (‘licensor’)Legal act giving by the patent owner (‘licensor’)

Permission to perform one or more acts which are covered by the exclusive rights (for a limited territory, for a limited period of time, sometimes restricted to a specific use, etc.)

Permission to perform one or more acts which are covered by the exclusive rights (for a limited territory, for a limited period of time, sometimes restricted to a specific use, etc.)

To another person (‘licensee’)To another person (‘licensee’)


ML E G A L T E A

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Licence remunerationLicence remuneration


Types of IP licenses

RoyaltiesRoyalties

Lump-sum + royaltiesLump-sum + royalties

Dividend, etc.Dividend, etc.

Patent, trade mark, copyright, etc.Patent, trade mark, copyright, etc.

Exclusive, non-exclusive licencesExclusive, non-exclusive licences

Lump-sum paymentLump-sum payment

Documents

Intellectual Property Rights H e l p d e s k Intellectual Property and the IPR-Helpdesk A presentation by Mónica Miñana