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Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllers WHITE PAPER September 2014 DB10-000023-00 Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Inside, Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. 09/14/SJ/EM/PDF Please Recycle For more information on the Intel RAID visit: www.intel.com/go/RAID

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Page 1: Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllersww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2014/10/09/12238819... · Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllers White Paper 3 1 Introduction

Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllers

WHITE PAPER

September 2014

DB10-000023-00

Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Inside, Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. 09/14/SJ/EM/PDF Please Recycle

For more information on the Intel RAID visit: www.intel.com/go/RAID

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Table of Contents

Intel® RAID Performance 12Gb/s SAS RAID Controllers White Paper 3

1 Introduction 3

1.1ArchitecturalBenefitsof12Gb/sSASCapableRAID 3

2 Performance Tests and Results 4

2.1 Intensive Streaming Applications 4

2.2 Transaction-Oriented Applications 7

2.3 Common Enterprise Applications 8

2.4 Microsoft® SQL Server 2014 OLTP Benchmarking 10

312Gb/sSASIntelRAID:Best-in-ClassStoragePortfolio 11

4 Summary 11

5HardwareConfigurationsTested 11

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Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

1 Introduction TheIntel®12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollers,featuringtheLSIdual-coreSAS3108RAID-on-Chip(ROC) processor,offersignificantperformanceenhancementsforsolutionsarchitectedwith12Gb/sor6Gb/s SAS drives. The superior read/write performance ideally suits the controllers for a broad range of application workloads:

• Enterprisedatacenterapplications,suchasemail,transactionaldatabases,andanalyticaldatabases

• Cloudcomputing,software-definedstoragesystems,andbigdata(Hadoop)

• Contentapplications,suchasstreamingvideoandcoldstorage/archival

Themassivegrowthofcloudandbigdataapplicationsrequireenterprisefeaturestomanage,optimize, andimprovetheefficiencyofgrowingdatacentersandclusters.TheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontroller StorCLIutilityfeaturesextensivecommandlineoptionsthateasilyintegrateintoclusteredenvironments, andincludeserverstoragemanagement,bothlocallyorremotely,fromasinglepaneofglasswiththe RAID Web Console application.

Thisgenerationofstorage,spurredbytheincreasedadoptionandtrendinglowercostsofflash,requires morebandwidthandI/Opersecond(IOPs)capabilitythenthepreviousgeneration.Additionally,balancing power and performance in environments where solid state devices and SAS and SATA spinning hard drivescoexistbecomesevenmorecritical.ThispaperdemonstrateshowIntel12Gb/sSASRAID controllers,withpremiumfeatureofferingssuchasFastPathI/OandRAIDSSDCache,havemetand exceeded this challenge.

Inadditiontooutstandingperformance,theIntel12Gb/sSASproductfamilysupportsadvancedfeatures suchasmultipathing,VMwareESXivirtualization,dualleveladvancedRAIDtypes,andrevertible hot-spare.Theproductfamilyisflexible,withsupportforhigh-performanceSASharddrives, high-capacitySATAharddrives,andenergy-efficientsolidstatedrives(SSDs).

1.1 ArchitecturalBenefitsof12Gb/sSASCapableRAID

TheIntel12Gb/sSASgenerationofRAIDproductsofferarchitecturalchangestoprovideneworenhanced benefits.ThenewLSISAS3108chipcombinestheprocessingpowerofadual1.2GHzdedicatedRAID processor,lowlatencyDDR3-1866RAIDcache,andbuilt-inhardwareaccelerationenginesdedicatedto processing and protecting data with the lowest latencies and highest performance. The products come in multiple form factors for easy installation in most Intel-based servers.

ThefasterclockspeedandmemorydramaticallyincreasetheRAID5andRAID6writecapabilityof thecontroller,producinga30%increaseinperformanceoverthepreviousgenerationproducts.The integrated12Gb/sSAScapabilityofthecontrollerallowsfortwicetheSASthroughputoftheprevious generationwithupto1GB/sperporttransferspeed.

Tosupporttheincreasedbandwidth,theIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollersinclude1GBofRAIDcache memoryandan8-lanePCIExpress®(PCIe®)3.0businterface.Thesehardwarefeaturescometogetherwith ahighlyoptimizedRAIDfirmwarestackthatsupportsover125%moreIOPscomparedtotheprevious generation.TheaddedIOPscapabilityofIntel12Gb/sRAIDproductsprovidesacosteffectivemeansto support an SSD environment with high performance read and write operations.

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Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

2 Performance Tests and Results UsingIOMeter1.1,anopen-sourceI/Oworkloadgenerator,InteldesignedI/Oworkloadprofilesto demonstrate how real-world applications might perform. Sequential read and write benchmarks reveal how well streaming applications perform. Real-world benchmarks simulate multiple enterprise workloads thattypicallyincludemixedandoverlappingreadsandwritesacrossrequestsizes,suchasthereal-world applications in the following table.

Table 1 Real-World Applications

2.1 Intensive Streaming Applications

TheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollersimplementeightlanesofPCIe3.0(8GT/s)thatprovide8,000 MBpsofunidirectionalbandwidth,whileeightphysofthirdgenerationSASproduces9,600MBpsofSAS bandwidth.

Streamingapplicationsfocusonefficiency,storagecapacity,andthroughput.Asthefollowingfigure shows,allRAIDtypesprovidesimilarhighreadperformanceofnearly6,000MBps.Whenyourequire highlyavailableandprotecteddata,thereisapenaltyinwriteperformancetoeitherprovidemirrored writes(RAID1/10)ortocomputeandstoreparity(RAID5/6).Intermsofmeantimetodataloss(MTTDL), RAID0scoresthelowestfollowedbyRAID5,RAID10,andRAID6.

Workload Typical ApplicationsStreaming reads Onlineanalyticalprocessing(OLAP),datawarehousing,extract-transform-load(ETL),virtualtape

library

Streaming writes Videosurveillance,medicalimaging,archival,backup

Workstation Scientificandofficeapplication

Web server Web serving applications

OS drive Operating systems

File server Structuredfilesystems

Email server Serveraccept,deliver,storeandforwardapplications

Enterprise databases Onlinetransactionprocessing(OLTP),OLAPtransactions,emailapplications

Multithreaded reads Videoondemand,Hadoop®Framework,HadoopDistributedFileSystem(HDFS™),cloudcontent

Multithreaded writes Hadoopsourceingest(ApacheSqoop™orFlume™)

Analytics SQL,NewSQLandNoSQLdatabases,MapReduce

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Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

Figure 1 Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS3CC080 Large Streaming Reads and Writes

Streaming workloads represent contiguous requests made to the disk. The workloads are predominately sequentialI/O.Applicationssuchasdatawarehousing,ETL,andVTLbackupoperationsexperiencethis typeofworkloadforreads.Applicationssuchasmediacapture(videosurveillance,medicalimaging, andsoon),archival,andbackupexperiencethistypeofworkloadforwrites.Highbandwidthiscrucialfor these applications.

Multithreaded Workloads

Formultithreadedreadandwriteworkloads,highbandwidthandtheabilitytoidentifyandoptimally managemultiplethreadsarecrucialfortheseapplications.Intel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollerscanidentify multiplethreadsandoptimizethecommandstoreducemissedrotationsandminimizediskseeks.

Multithreadedworkloads,whilesimilartostreamingworkloads,varyinthattherearemultiple simultaneous threads that typically do not overlap. This workload is mimicked by launching 1 through 24threadsat64KB(orlarger)separatedby2GBranges,asshowninthefollowingfigure.Applications suchasmediaservers(video-on-demand),cloudcontentdelivery,HadoopMapReduce,andHDFS experiencethistypeofworkloadforreads.BigdataapplicationssuchasHadoopsourceingest(Sqoopor Flume)andmediaoperations(videosurveillance)experiencethistypeofworkloadforwrites.

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Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

Figure2IntelIntegratedRAIDModuleRMS3CC08040x15,000RPM6Gb/sSASHDD,MultithreadedReads and Writes

Thepreviousfigureshighlightthestreamingbandwidthofthe12Gb/sSASinfrastructurewithbothSAS HDDsandSASSSDs,bypassingtheprevioustheoretical6Gb/sSASlimitationandnowachievingnearly 6,000MBps.Sequentialwrites,inwrite-backmode,canexceed4,500MBps,whilewrite-throughmode sailsto6,530MBps(notshowninthefigures).Someworkloads,suchasthoseemployedindisaster recoveryplans(DRPs),trulybenefitfromthisincreaseinbandwidthbyimprovingtimetooptimal (TTL)whenimplementingrestoreoperations.Similarly,thishelpsreducescheduledbackupwindowtimes –animportantyardstickasbusinessesstoremoreandmoredata.Multithreadedworkloadsbenefittoo, suchasallowingmoresimultaneousvideoandaudiofeeds,orimprovingHadoopMapReducebatchjob times to help customers explore their data faster.

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Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

2.2 Transaction-Oriented Applications

Applications dominated by random I/O access patterns are well-suited for both SAS hard drives and SSDs. TheseapplicationsincludetraditionalandtransactioncapableNewSQLorNoSQLdatabases.

Enterprise database workloads include transaction-oriented queries such as OLTP and OLAP against structured data. OLTP databases that observe ACID-compliance require high concurrency and strict in-orderprocessing,whichincludesanumberofdataaccesses:areadoftheoriginalvalue,followed byanupdate,thenwriteandverifyoperation.Becausetheseoperationsmustbehandledinorder,low latency and optimal cache strategies are necessary for enterprise database performance. OLAP style processingischaracterizedbyrelativelylowvolumeoftransactions;howeverthequeriesareoftenvery complexandinvolveaggregations.An8KB,2:1ratioofrandomreads:writesworkloadsimulatesthese types of queries.

AnalyticsisbecomingincreasinglypopularduetotheproliferationofNoSQLdatabasescombinedwith decliningdiskcost,andinnovativecost-effectivedistributedscale-outstoragearchitecturesthatlet businessescollectmoredatathatanalyticdatabasemanagementsoftwarecanefficientlymine.

Besidestraditionalanalytics,real-timeanalyticssuchastargetedads,securityintelligence,orfraud detection require the highest performance to keep up with customer transactions. Additional features beyondtraditionaldatabasemanagementsoftware(DBMS)(suchascolumn-orientedstorage organization,automateddatareplicationanddistributeddata,write-aheadlogging,andhybrid storageorganization)canmeandataacrobatswhenitcomestocharacterizingtypicalI/Ooperations. Analyticsbenchmarkstypicallysimulatedatabasereads,inserts,andupdates;withthemostcommon benchmarkscomprisedofaseriesofdataloadsfollowedbypercentagesofread,write,andinsert operations.Multipleclients’analyticalworkloadsaresimulatedwith8KBrandom50:50readtowriteratio athighqueuedepths.Inaddition,becausedataaccesspatternscanvarywildly,purerandomreads and random writes are spotlighted to identify the maximum performance potential for these types of operations.

RandomreadperformancedoesnotvarywiththeRAIDtype,butthetypeofdataorganizationinfluences randomwrites.TheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollercachearchitectureoptimizesrandomwrite operationsbybufferingwritesandsortingtheminaphysicalordertoreducediskseekoverhead.The resultsshowalargeincreaseintherandomwriteIOPscombinedwithlowerlatencies,ensuringfast applicationresponsetimes,asshowninthefollowingfigure.

Figure3IntelIntegratedRAIDModuleRMS3CC08015,000RPM6Gb/sSASHDD,TransactionalWorkloads

Ascustomerslooktoincreasetheoverallperformanceoftheirstorageinfrastructure,SSDscontinuetomakeinroads into the enterprise server market. SSDs are well-suited for server workloads that require very high IOPs. Applications thatfitthisprofileincludeonlinetransactionsystemswithsmall,randomreadsandwritessuchasreservationand ecommercesystems.ThetrueperformanceadvantageofIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollersarebestdemonstrated withSSDs.OnlywithSSDscanyouseethefullperformancecapabilitiesoftheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollers,as showninthefollowingfigure.

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Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

Figure4IntelIntegratedRAIDModuleRMS3CC08012Gb/sSASSSD,TransactionalWorkloads

TheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollerexhibitsincrediblyhighperformance,easilyachievingmorethan 500,0008-KBrandomreads-nearly4,000MBps.Thistranslatestomorethan100,000database operationsforatypicalRAID10configuration,andevenamorecapacity-optimizedRAID5configuration canstillachieveupwardsof70,000databasetypeIOPs.

2.3 Common Enterprise Applications

Workstation workloads represent primarily single tenancy operating systems running multiple applicationsthatpredominatelyhandlerandomreadrequests,withamixofsequentialreadsandwrites. Lowresponsetimesandeffectivecachingstrategiesareessentialforworkstationusers.

Webserverworkloadstypicallyservicemultiple,primarilyrandomsimultaneousrequests.Text,images, video,andaudioarecommonlyfeaturedfilesservedbywebservers,withahighskewtowardsthemost popular web pages. Low response times are critical to support fast page loads and ensure customer satisfaction.

Operating system drive workloads represent the I/O activity of an operating system drive. This workload isdefinedasapseudorandom70:30mixofreadsandwritescombinedwithsmallsequentialI/Osthat simulatelogging.Operatingsystemsmustmanagesystemcache,metadataandapplicationcodeand effectivecachingoffrequentlyaccesseddata,whilemaintainingdataintegrity.Theabilitytohandle numerousoutstandingrequestsisabsolutelyessential.Withtheextensiveuseofvirtualization anddistributedfiletechnologies,optimalOSperformanceismoreimportantthanever.

Fileserverworkloadsarecharacterizedbyalargenumberofusersrequestingaccesstostructured referencedataandfiles.Whilefilesystemsandaccesspatternscanvarysignificantly,wemeasure80:20 randomreadandwriteworkloadwiththemajorityofrequestsizesranging,bimodallybalanced,around4 KBand64KB.

Email server workloads typically service multiple simultaneous requests to transport or store email. Many email servers use databases or database-like structures to manage and store user data. Because of the variationsinemailserverapplications,twocommontypesofemailserversweresimulatedintesting:

1.8KB50%mixofrandomreadsandwrites

2.32KB65%mixofrandomreadsandwrites

Thefollowingfiguresshowthecommonenterpriseapplicationperformancetestingresultsat6Gb/sSAS and12Gb/sSAS.

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Figure5IntelIntegratedRAIDModuleRMS3CC08015,000RPM6Gb/sSASHDD,CommonEnterpriseWorkloads

Figure6IntelIntegratedRAIDModuleRMS3CC08012Gb/sSASSSD,CommonEnterpriseWorkloads

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2.4 Microsoft® SQL Server 2014 OLTP Benchmarking

IOmetersimulationcharacterizesperformancewell,howeverrealapplicationshavemultiplesystem interactionsthatarehardtocaptureinanartificialbenchmark.Todeterminethetruedatabase capabilitiesoftheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontroller,itwasmeasuredusingaMicrosoft®SQLServer2014 database and a standard benchmark that exercises complex transactional operations modeled after a brokerage house. This benchmark allowed measurements and observations of the Intel RAID SSD cache benefitsfromonetofourSSDs,asshowninthefollowingstepsandcharts.

1. Databaseloadedwithdatafor10,000customers.

2. Baseline measurement taken with only SAS HDDs.

3. AddedSSDs1to3(forRAID0),and2and4(forRAID10),configuredwithbothreadandwrite caching and assigned to the database volume.

4. Testsranforfourhours.Aftereachfour-hourrun,theaveragetransactionspersecondandthe SQL Server Page IO Latch Wait Time was recorded.

5. The database was restored to its original state. The results are quite astounding.

Figure 7 Intel Integrated RAID Module RMS3CC080 Microsoft SQL Server 2014 OLTP Benchmark

ThreedisksinaRAID0SSDcachevolumeprovidedthehighestincreaseof381%,andevenaprotectedRAID10 producedaverygenerous167%increaseinthenumberofachievedtransactions.UsingtheSSDcachefeatureisone ofthemostcosteffectivewaystoenhanceapplicationperformance,especiallywhenworkingwithhotuserdata.

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3 12Gb/s SAS Intel RAID: Best-in-Class Storage Portfolio

TheIntel12Gb/sSAScontrollerportfolioprovideschannelpartnerswithbest-in-classstoragesolution options.Intelenableschannelpartnerstostayaheadoftoday’stechnologybyofferingcontrollersperfectly suitedfordatabase,email,andWebserverenvironmentswhereperformanceandsecuritydirectlyaffect success.

TheIntel12Gb/sSASmainstreamproductfamilyusesanLSISAS3108ROCprocessor(1.2GHz)toprovide the following features: • Four-(RS3DC040)or8-(RS3DC080)internalports • SFF-8643internalconnectors • RAID0,1,5,6,10,50,60support • x8PCIExpress3.0(8GT/sperlane)support • 1-GBDDR3at1866MHzsupport • SAS and SATA drive type support • Lowprofileboard

4 Summary

WhenarchitectingaRAIDsolution,givecarefulconsiderationtounderstandingthecharacteristics,data availability,storagearchitecture,andanyapplicationsforwhichthestoragecontrollerwillbedeployed.

TheIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDcontrollersprovideoptimumperformanceinmanydifferentenvironments. FeaturessuchasintelligentwritebackRAIDcache,adaptivereadahead,variousstripesizesupport, multi-levelRAIDarchitectures,dedicatedandglobalhotsparesupport,andSSDcachingallowIT professionalstocustomizetheirstorageenvironmenttoensurethehighestperformanceanddata availability.

InteloffersawiderangeofRAIDproductstoarchitectahighlyoptimizedandscalablesolutionspecifically foryourenvironment.Byusingadvancedtechnology,world-classfeatures,andaSASdesignthatallowsfor SAS,SATAandSSDdrives,IntelRAIDallowsyoutobalanceperformance,reliability,andcostrequirements.

5 HardwareConfigurationsTested

IntelServerBoardS2600WTT • 2xIntelXeon®E5-2695v2CPUsat2.3GHz • 64-GBDDR3-1600Memory • x8Generation3.1PCIeslot

Intel RAID Controller RMS3CC080 • Firmware version 4.230.20-3423 • Driverversion6.600.21.08 • 1-GBRAIDcache

Drive Enclosures • 2xSerialCablesSA-ENC12G-01A+1xSerialCablesSA-ENC12G-024AwiththeLSISAS3x48C1 expander(firmwareversion0.05.00.00)

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INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT.

Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information.

Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Inside, Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. 09/14/SJ/EM/PDF Please Recycle

For more information on the Intel RAID visit: www.intel.com/go/RAID

Intel®RAIDPerformance12Gb/sSASRAIDControllersWhitePaper

Drives • 40xSeagate®ST9146853SS146GB6Gb/s15,000SASdrive • 8xHitachiHUSMM8020ASS200200GB12Gb/sSASSSD • Disk cache always disabled

Test Suite • WindowsServer2012R2Standard64-bit • IOMeterVersion1.1.0 —SSDdatatestedwith64-KBstripesize,WriteThru,DirectIO,andNoReadAheadpolicies • SSD drives preconditioned to steady state before taking measurements —HDDdatatestedwith256-KBstripesize,WriteBack,DirectIO,andAdaptiveReadAhead policies — Run time: 30 seconds — Ramp time: 30 seconds —Queuedepthsweepfrom1to256 —Rawdiskaccess(nofilesystem) • Microsoft SQL Server 2014 —Database:20xdriveRAID10,256-KBstripesize,WriteThruandNoReadAheadpolicies —LogDrive:4xdriveRAID5,256-KBstripesize,WriteBackandNoReadAheadpolicies —100,000Customerdatabase,4hourruntime

NOTE AlthoughtestingwasperformedwiththeRMS3CC080modularcontroller,expect similarperformancefromotherIntel12Gb/sSASRAIDmodels,basedonthesimilar product architecture.