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Intel’s MicroprocessorsThe Journey from 4004 to i7 and many more
What Is A Microprocessor
Also known as central processing unit - CPU
An integrated circuit built on a tiny piece of silicon
It contains thousands, or even millions, of transistors, which are interconnected via superfine traces of aluminum
The transistors work together to store and manipulate data so that the microprocessor can perform a wide variety of useful functions
The particular functions a microprocessor performs are dictated by software
One most common task microprocessors perform is to serve as "brains" inside personal computers (PC), but they deliver
"intelligence" to other devices as well
Microprocessor History
Most important advances in computer technology - 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors
Pioneered by Intel since 1970’s and dominated by Intel since 1980’s 4-bit 4004 in 1971 8-bit 8008 in 1972 8-bit 8080 and 8085 in 1974 16-bit 8088 and 8086, brains of famous IBM PC 32-bit 80286 (1982), 80386 (1985), 80486 (1989), Pentium
(1993), Pentium II (1997), Celeron and Pentium III (1999) and Pentium 4 (2000)
Latest 64-bit core2 and core i series(2009)
No. of Transistors
Model Year of Introduction No. of Transistors
4004 1971 2,2508008 1972 2,5008080 1974 5,0008086 1978 29,00080286 1982 120,00080386™ processor 1985
275,00080486™ DX processor 1989 1,180,000Pentium® processor 1993 3,100,000Pentium II processor 1997 7,500,000Pentium III processor 1999 24,000,000Pentium 4 processor 2000 42,000,000
Using very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuit technology
What does 45nm means?Penryn (code name)FasterSmallerGreener
So what does it mean?
Invention of TransistorsTransistors replaced vacuum tubesIt was smaller than the vacuum tubeIf you put a bunch in a row interconnected
you could control the on and off
So what does it mean?
Dr. Gordon E. Moore, Chairman Emeritus of Intel Corporation, predicted that no. of transistors per integrated circuit would double every 18 months
So what does it mean?
General PC Architecture(old architecture)
SecondaryStorageMemory
CPUInputUnit
OutputUnit
Primary Storage Memory
ProgramStorageMemory
DataStorageMemory
Memory Unit
Types of Brain ArchitectureNetBurst MicroArchitectureCore MicroArchitectureNehalem MicroArchitecture
NetBurst MicroArchitectureHyper Pipelined Technology a)20 stage pipelining instead 10 stages in p3
Rapid Execution Enginea) two ALUs in the core of the CPU are double-
pumped
Eg Celeron, Pentium4,Pentium D etc
Core MicroArchitectureProduces less heatConsumes less powerLinked L1 cache and shared L2 cacheIntroduced multiple Core technology on
single die
Eg:- Intel Core2 series, like Core2Duo, Core2Quad
Nehalem MicroArchitectureReintroduced L3 cache for better Hyper
Threading32 KB L1 data cache per core Latest Advancement in processor
Microarchitecture256 KB L2 cache per core4–12 MB L3 cache shared by all cores
Eg:- Core i3, Core i5, core i7
Core i3The first Core i3 processors were launched
on January 7, 2010The first Nehalem based Core i3 was
Clarkdale-based, with an integrated GPU and two cores
Core i5The first Core i5 was introduced on
September 8, 2009Based on Nehalem MicroArchitectureIntegrated Memory ControllerIt was released with two architectures
A) with integrated GPU like i3(Clarkdale Model)
B) without integrated GPU(Lynnfield Model)
Corei7By far the Fastest Processor on earthClock frequency of 9.2ghz recorded256KB of L1 cache Supports HyperBoostGives Better performance with less power
consumptionRemoval of FSB and Introduction of Quick
Path Interconnection A.K.A QPI
Core i5 V/s Core i7Core i5Integrated with GPU
with ClarkdaleSupports Hyper BoostUses traditional FSB
system to connect to southbridge
Uses dual channel DDR3 ram
Core i7No separate GPU Supports HyperBoostUses QPI instead of FSB,
thereby removing southbridge
Uses triple channel DDR3 Ram
Core i3 V/s Core i5Core i3 Core i5Does not support turbo
boostHave integrated GPUPhysically 2 cores are
present
Supports Turbo boostClarkdale model has
GPU but Lynnfield does not
Physically 4 core are present
No QuestionsThank your for your co-operation and patience