INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

SKIN

Health Science Technology I

Dr. Halbert

Three main layers of skin

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue

Epidermis

• Outermost layer• Cells constantly being

shed• Contains no blood

vessels or nerves• 5 layers

– Stratum corneum: outer part

– Stratum germinativum: inner layer

Dermis

• “true skin”• Made up of elastic

connective tissue and contains vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles

• Top layer covered with papillae which form ridges which make up our fingerprints

Subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis

• Innermost layer

• Connects skin to the muscle underneath

Sudoriferous glands

• Sweat glands• Eliminate water, salts

and some body wastes

• Coiled tubes

Sebaceous glands

• Oil glands• Produce sebum• Open in to hair

follicles• When plugged results

in pimple or blackhead

Alopecia

• Lack of hair

Functions of the skin

• Protection

• Perception

• Regulation of temperature

• Storage of fat, water, vitamins

• Absorption

• Excretion

• Production of Vitamin D

Skin pigment

• Melanin: brown-black pigment, does absorb UV light resulting in a tan

• Carotene: yellowish-red pigment

Albino

• Absence of color pigment

Erythema

• Reddish color of the skin

• Burns or congestion of blood in vessels

Jaundice

• Yellow discoloration

• Liver or gallbladder disease or destruction of red blood cells

Cyanosis

• Bluish discoloration

• Insufficient oxygen

Macules

• Flat spots on the skin

• Ex: freckles

Papules

• Firm raised areas

• Pimples

• Some stages of chicken pox

Vesicles

• Blisters

• Fluid filled sacs

• Chicken pox

Pustules

• Pus filled sacs

• Ex: acne

Crusts

• Dried pus and blood

• scabs

Wheals

• Itchy elevated areas with irregular shape

• Hives

Ulcer

• Deep loss of skin surface

Acne Vulgaris

• Inflammation of the sebaceous glands

• Usually in adolescence

• Hormonal changes, increased secretion of sebum are underlying causes

Athlete’s foot

• Contagious, fungal infection usually of feet

• Blisters, cracks, itching

Skin cancer

• Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma

• May develop from moles

Dermatitis

• Inflammation of the skin

• Caused by any substance that irritates skin, often allergic

• Example: poison ivy

Eczema

• Non contagious, inflammatory disorder

• Caused by allergy or irritant

• Dryness, edema, erythema, itching, vesicles, crusts

Impetigo

• Highly contagious

• Bacterial infection- Staph or Strep

• Pustules and yellow crusts

Psoriasis

• Chronic, non contagious, inherited

• Thick red area with white scales

Ringworm

• Contagious, fungal infection

• Usually circular with a clear central area

Verrucae

• Warts

• Viral

• Rough, hard, elevated

Image Citations• Slide 4: Delmar Learning’s Medical Terminology Image Library,

Second Edition. Version 1.0. ISBN: 1-4018-1009-8.• Slide 10: 1/3/06 Erythema Nodosum,

http://medimages.healthopedia.com/large/erythema-nodosum.jpg• Slide 11: 1/3/06 http://medicine.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/jaundice.JPG• Slide 12: 1/3/06 Central Cyanosis,

http://www.lf2.cuni.cz/Projekty/interna/foto/014/pic00011.jpg• Slide 16: 1/3/06 Papules,

http://www.acnesource.org/images/pic_papules.jpg• Slide 17: 1/3/06 Vesicles,

http://www.acponline.org/graphics/bioterro/vesicles.jpg• Slide 18: 1/3/06 Staphlococcal pustules,

http://www.adhb.govt.nz/newborn/TeachingResources/Dermatology/StaphPustule/StaphPustule.jpg

• Slide 20: 1/3/06 http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/dermatology/wheal3.jpg

• Slide 21: 1/3/06 Skin Ulcer, http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue18/images/W041128R.jpg

Image Citations• Slide 23: 1/3/06 Acne Vulgaris,

http://medimages.healthopedia.com/large/acne-vulgaris.jpg

• Slide 24: 1/3/06 Athlete’s foot, tinea pedis, www.nlm.nih.gov

• Slide 25: 1/3/06 Skin Cancer, www.healingdaily.com

• Slide 26: 1/3/06 Allergic Contact Dermatitis, www.immunologyclinic.com

• Slide 27: 1/3/06 Eczema, http://www.pg.com/science/skincare/Skin_tws_55/Skin_tws_55_03.jpg

• Slide 28: 1/3/06, Impetigo, http://www.manbir-online.com/grafics/impetigo.jpg

• Slide 29: 1/3/06, Psoriasis, www.monpso.net

• Slide 30: 1/3/06, Ringworm, http://www.avte.net/AVTE2003/contents/hazards/zoonotic%20hazards/ha_ringworm.jpg

• Slide 31: 1/3/06, http://vasculitis.med.jhu.edu/treatments/images/warts.jpg