Integumentary SystemChapter 5

Combining Forms for Combining Forms for the Integumentary Systemthe Integumentary System

adip/o adiposislip/o lipomasteat/o steatoma

dermo/o hypodermicdermat/o dermatologycutane/o subcutaneous

Combining Forms forCombining Forms forthe Integumentary the Integumentary

SystemSystemerythr/oerythrodermatitis

hidr/o anhidrosis

hist/o histologyhistio/o histiogenic

Combining Forms forCombining Forms forthe Integumentary the Integumentary

SystemSystemichthy/o ichthyoid

kerat/o keratosisscler/o scleroderma

leuk/o leukonychia

Combining Forms forCombining Forms forthe Integumentary the Integumentary

SystemSystemmelan/o melanocyte

myc/o mycosis

onych/o onychodystrophy

plas/o dysplastic

Combining Forms forCombining Forms forthe Integumentary the Integumentary

SystemSystempurpur/o purpuric

seb/o seborrhea

squam/o squamous

Combining Forms forCombining Forms forthe Integumentary the Integumentary

SystemSystemtrich/o trichorrhexis

xer/o xerosis

xanth/o xanthoma

Integumentary System Integumentary System OverviewOverview

Composed of skin (integument), and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands)

Protects body for injury or intrusion of microorganisms

Helps regulate body temperature

Houses receptors for sense of touch

SkinSkin Largest organ in the body

Divided into an outer layer and an inner layer: epidermis — outer layer dermis (corium) — inner layer

The SkinThe Skin(continued)(continued)

EpidermisEpidermis Consists of several layers of stratified

squamous (scale like) epithelium: basal layer — innermost layer

basal cells are constantly being pushed up, moving older cells to the surface

melanocytes — produce pigment (melanin) which gives color to the skin

squamous layer — outermost layer

Dermis (Corium)Dermis (Corium) Connective tissue layer

Contains: blood and lymphatic vessels nerve and nerve endings glands hair follicles network of elastic and collagen fibers (gives

skin elasticity and toughness)

Subcutaneous LayerSubcutaneous Layer Layer below the dermis

Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fatty) tissue

LesionsLesions Areas of pathologically altered tissue

Two types: Primary

Primary lesions are physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process. Types of primary lesions are rarely specific to a single disease entity.

Secondary Secondary lesions may evolve from primary lesions, or may

be caused by external forces such as scratching, trauma, infection, or the healing process. The distinction between a primary and secondary lesion is not always clear.

Primary Lesions: pg Primary Lesions: pg 111-112111-112

Lesions arising from previously normal skin Flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color: macule, patch

Elevated, palpable, solid mass: papule, wheal

Elevation formed by fluid within a cavity:

vesicle, bulla, pustule

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Secondary Lesions: Secondary Lesions: pg112-114pg112-114

Lesions that result in changes in primary lesions

Types: Loss of skin surface: erosion, ulcer, excoriation, fissure

Material on skin surface: scale, crust

Other secondary lesions:

keloid, nevus, verruca

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Secondary Lesions Secondary Lesions cont’d…cont’d…

Lesions of a blood vessel (also a secondary lesion) cherry angioma — round, bright red blood

vessel tumor often seen on trunk telangiectasia (spider angioma) — radiate from

central arteriole most often found on face, neck or chest

Vascular Lesions

Secondary Lesions Secondary Lesions cont’d…cont’d…

Lesions as a result of hemorrhages in the skin petechia — minute hemorrhagic spot — indicates

a bleeding tendency

ecchymosis — bruise

Purpuric Lesions

Secondary Lesions Secondary Lesions cont’d…cont’d…

Skin tumors arising from the epidermis dysplastic nevus — mole with precancerous changes

verruca — wart; caused by a virus

Epidermal Tumors