INTEGRATION OF CYCLING WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT

INTEGRATION OF CYCLING WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Ralph Buehler, VirginiaTech

Bicycling and Public Transport: Perfect Together?

•Synergies:•Cycling extends catchment areas of transit stops far beyond walking range•Much cheaper than park and ride for cars•Transit complements cycling by overcoming long distances, physical barriers, bad weather, or mechanical failure

•Rivalries and conflicts:•Limited space on crowded peak-hour transit vehicles•Cycling substitutes for public transport over short distances

•Most studies find mutually beneficial overall, but much more research needed

0.7

1.1

1.7 1.7

2.5

3.0

3.83.9

0.40.5

0.4

1.0

1.51.7

0.8

1.3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

New York City Chicago Washington,D.C.

Toronto San Francisco Vancouver Minneapolis Portland

Perc

ent o

f Wor

kers

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2008) and Statistics Canada (2008)

Share of Workers Commuting by Bicycle in US and Canadian Cities and Metropolitan Areas,

2006/2007

CityMSA

11.213.4

21.0

26.7

33.034.4

36.4

54.6

5.64.2

16.5

11.514.5

22.2

13.3

30.2

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Portland Minneapolis Vancouver Chicago San Francisco Toronto Washington,D.C.

New York City

Perc

ent o

f Wor

kers

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2008) and Statistics Canada (2008)

Share of Workers Riding Transit in US and Canadian Cities and Metropolitan Areas,

2006/2007

CityMSA

Types of Bike-Transit Integration

Bike parking at rail stations and bus stopsMulti-functional, full service bike stationsBikes on board buses and trains, usually on rail vehicles, often with special provisionsBike Rental at or Near StationsBike paths, lanes, and on-street bike routes that lead to public transit stations and thus facilitate bike’s role as feeder to transit

Main form of bike-transit integration in Europe for decades

Photo: John PucherPhoto: Eva Heinen

Bike racks and lockers at Metrorail Station in Virginia

Photo: Paul DeMaio

Indoor bike parking in Chicago

Photo : Chicago Transit Authority

Electronic bike lockers at North Berkeley BART station

Photo: Bay Area Rapid Transit

smart card used to access lockers

Bike parking at bus stops in Europe

Photo: Peter Berkeley

Photo: City of Muenster

Photo: City of MuensterPhoto: City of Muenster



Bike Station at Union Station in Toronto

Vending machine for

bike accessories

New Bike Station in Washington, D.C.

Photo: Ralph Buehler

Bike Station in Muenster, Germany


Bike Wash at Muenster Bike Station




27%

32%

36%

46%

50%

57%

62% 63%

71%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Perc

ent o

f Bus

ses w

ith B

icyc

le R

acks

(Source: APTA, Public Transportation Factbook 2008, Table 23)

Trend in Percentage of Buses with Exterior Bicycle Racks in the USA, 2001-2008

Over 50,000 buses in the USA now come equipped with bike racks

Photo: Santa Barbara Bicycling Coalition

Bike on LRT in NJ and Minneapolis

Photo: Metro TransitPhoto: John Boyle

Bikes on Portland’s Aerial Tramway and MAX Light Rail

Photo: Ralph Buehler Photo: Ralph Buehler

Bikes on BART in SF Bay Area



Bikes permitted on-board except during peak hours, and without special provisions for bike storage such as on CalTrain


Bike on Suburban Rail in NJ

Photo: Leigh Ann Von Hagen

Photo: John PucherPhoto: Ralph Buehler

Bikes on Caltrain in San Francisco

Photo: San Francisco Bicycling Coalition



Easy bike rentalsat transit stations

“ÖV Fiets” and “Call A Bike” in Germany and Netherlands


Photo: German Railways




Bike and Ride

Bike path placed behind bus stop to reduce conflict between cyclists and bus passengers

Above: Shared bus and

bike lane in

Berlin, Germany

Growth in Bike-Transit Trips

Washington Metrorail: 60% growth in bike and ride from 2002 to 2007Minneapolis: doubling in bikes on buses from 2007 to 2008SF Bay Area: Bike access trips to BART stations rose from 2.5% in 1998 to 3.5% in 2008 (10,920 trips per day)Nationally from 1% to 3% of transit access/egress tripsMore research needed on impacts of bike-transit integration

Conclusions

Vast improvement in bike transit integration in North America since 2000Problems where most successful ?“Complete stations”Future growth in cycling will require even further investments in the coming yearsBike and ride is much cheaper than park and ride and more environmentally friendly

Ralph Buehler, Assistant ProfessorVirginia Tech, Alexandria, VA

Email: [email protected]: http://ralphbu.wordpress.com/

For more Details:

Pucher, J. and R. Buehler. City Cycling.MIT Press, forthcoming, October 2012.

Orhttp://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT12-3Pucher.pdf

THANK YOU

Documents

INTEGRATION OF CYCLING WITH PUBLIC TRANSPORT