Integrating Technology into Teaching

Integrating Technology into Teaching

TPACK

Steve SwanUniversity of Louisville

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked problem”.

TPACK

Requirements are incomplete, contradictory, and changingUnique, no two wicked problems are the sameSolutions are difficult to realizeSolutions are not “right’ or “wrong”Solutions do not have “stopping rules”

If we teach today as we taught yesterday,If we teach today as we taught yesterday,

then we rob our children of tomorrow. then we rob our children of tomorrow.

~John Dewey~John Dewey

If you accept your limitations, you go beyond them.

Brendan Francis Behan

“Much of education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.”

John Gardner

NETS (National Educational Technology Standards) Teacher Standards for Teaching with Technology

1. Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity

2. Design and Develop Digital-Age Learning Experiences and Assessments

3. Model Digital-Age Work and Learning

4. Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility

5. Engage in Professional Growth and Leadership

International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 2008

What does history tell us…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9gB6AP3BEs

Teacher Knowledge

Content

Content Knowledge (CK) is knowledge about the actual subject matter that is to be learned or taught. The content to be covered varies greatly by age level and subject- matter.

Teacher Knowledge

Pedagogy

Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) is deep knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of teaching and learning and how it encompasses (among other things) overall educational purposes, values and aims.

Teacher Knowledge

Pedagogical Content KnowledgeLeeLee Shulman (198Those Who Understand:

Knowledge Growth in Teaching, LeeShulman (1986LeeShulman (1986

Content Pedagogy

PCK

In considering the relationship between content and pedagogy, the key question is how disciplines differ from each other and whether disciplines can or should be taught through the same instructional strategies.

Teacher KnowledgePedagogical Content Knowledge Relationship

Discipline Differences

“How are content knowledge and general pedagogical knowledge related?”

If those preconceptions are misconceptions, which they so often are,teachers need knowledge of strategies most likely to be fruitful inreorganizing the understanding of learners, because those learners areunlikely to appear before them as blank slates.

Teacher KnowledgePedagogical Content Knowledge Relationship

Discipline Differences

Teacher Knowledge

Technology

Understanding the impact of technology (TK) on the practices and knowledge of a given discipline is critical if we are to develop appropriate technological tools for educational purposes.

Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge

The Total Package for Teaching in the 21st Century!

Content Pedagogy

TPCKTechnology

TPACK

Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century

TPACK is the intersection of all 3 bodies of knowledge Understanding goes beyond the knowledge of each in isolation. Instead it is how they interact with each other

Content Pedagogy

TPCKTechnology

TPACK

A Comprehensive Framework for

Teacher Knowledge (CFTK)Complexity of Individual Aspects and Their

InteractionsRonau, R., N., Rakes, C., R., (2011). A Comprehensive Framework for Teacher Knowledge (CFTK): Complexity of individual aspects and their interactions. In Ronau, R., N., Rakes, C., R., & Niess, M. L. (Eds.), Educational Technology, Teacher Knowledge, and Classroom Impact: A Research Handbook on Frameworks and Approaches. (pp. 59-102). IGI Global, Hershey, PA.

TPACK Stages (Niess et al., 2009)

PK CK

TK

PCK PK CK

TPACK

TK

Recognizing(Knowledge)

Accepting(Persuasion)

Adapting(Decision)

Exploring(Implementation)

Teachers are able to use technology and understand how it could be used for subject matter yet do not integrate it.

Teachers form a(n) (un)favorable attitude

toward using technology for

teaching and learning subject matter.

Teachers implement tech in their classroom

instruction, leading them to a choice to adopt or its use for

teaching that content.

Teachers make revisions in their

curriculum as a result of the technology capabilities and

evaluate the results.

Teachers actively integrate technology, designing their own

ideas

Subject Matter

Ronau

et

al. (2009, February):

Presentation

of

CFTK for

Capturing the

Knowledge

Components

Pedagogy

Orientation

Discernment

Environment

Individual

ContextField

Mode

Language ArtsMathematicsScienceSocial Studies

Language ArtsMathematicsScienceSocial Studies

Lesson PlanningAssessmentCurriculum Mapping

Lesson PlanningAssessmentCurriculum Mapping

Cognitive DomainReflection-in-ActionReflection-on-ActionOn-the-Spot Decision Making

Cognitive DomainReflection-in-ActionReflection-on-ActionOn-the-Spot Decision Making

Affective DomainBeliefsAttitudesConfidenceDispositions

Affective DomainBeliefsAttitudesConfidenceDispositions

Classroom/Teaching PoliciesDistrict/School/Class Climate

Classroom/Teaching PoliciesDistrict/School/Class Climate

Personal CharacteristicsExperiencesLearning Styles

Personal CharacteristicsExperiencesLearning Styles

CFTK Dimensions, Aspects, and Interactions

Co

ntext

Field

Mode

Two-Aspect InteractionsThree-Aspect InteractionsFour-Aspect Interactions

Five-Aspect Interactions Six-Aspect Interaction

X Y

Z

Thinking about TPACK -Borrowing from PCK

An overarching conception of what it means to teach particular content topics;

Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics;

Knowledge of curriculum and curriculum materials with learning and teaching subject matter topics;

Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics.

Grossman, 1989,1990

An overarching conception of what it means to integrate technology to teach particular content topics;

Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics with technology;

Knowledge of curriculum and curricular materials that integrate technology with learning and teaching subject matter topics;

Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics with appropriate technologies.

Niess, 2005

PCK TPACK

Preparing Teachers to Teach with Technology - Guiding Development of TPACK

The challenges Digital emigrants from 20th century 20th century learning in K-12 20th century college subject matter teaching 20th century teacher preparation programs Teacher educators Cooperating teachers 20th century school classrooms, curriculum,

instruction Technology access TPACK developmental process

Impossible?


TPACK

Teaching with technology is a

WICKED PROBLEM!


TPACK

Wicked Problems require

CREATIVE SOLUTIONS


TPACK

Creativity is seen as Novelty

Novelty must be joined to Purpose

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective , and Whole (NEW)

TPACK

-Novel Fresh, unusual, unique, surprising, startling, astonishing, astounding, germinal, trendsetting, radical, revolutionary, influential, pioneering- Effective Valuable, important, significant, essential, necessary, logical, sensible, relevant, appropriate, adequate, functional, operable, useful, user-friendly- Whole Organic, ordered, arranged, organized, formed, complete, elegant, graceful, charming, attractive, refined, complex, intricate, ornate, interesting, understandable, meaningful, clear, self-explanatory, well crafted, skillful, well made, meticulous


TPACK

Go to Movie

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOYCmPUVFfs


TPACK

Schools develop a creative way to showcase their understanding of Elementary Science and Social Studies

http://uleap/groups/brandeisbiomes/blog/http://uleap/groups/chenoweth/blog/


TPACK

Teachers working in a challenging school try using technology and a different pedagogy to teach their content.

http://dosshigh.wikispaces.com/Doss+Wiki+Homehttp://drmswonderfulwiki.wikispaces.com/The+Hypothalamus

Putting it all together…

TPACK

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_bgeohrV_k

TPACK Framework Activity

It’s ALL About the CONTEXT

TPACK Framework Activity

TPACK Framework Activity • Content knowledge

• Pedagogy Knowledge

• Technology Knowledge

• TPACK Solution

Documents

Integrating Technology into Teaching