Integrating

History into

Landscape

ConservationCases from Federal Land

Management Agencies

April 7, 2011

National Council on Public History Annual Meeting

Presenters

Catherine Moore

National Parks Conservation Association

Rachel Kline

Heritage Stewardship Group,

USDA Forest Service

Alexandra Wallace

Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands,

Colorado State University

History in the “Nature” Parks of

the National Park

System

April 7, 2011

Catherine A. Moore

Nature Parks and History Parks:

Can We Bridge the Divide?

Rainbow Bridge National Monument

S. Paige, 1921 USGS Photo Library

Nature Parks and History

Parks Dichotomy originates in early years of the National

Park Service

Cultural/historical resources are found in every park unit, but structural impediments persist in enabling legislation, planning guidelines, etc

How do we find ways to research, document, and interpret aspects of history that cross the Nature/History divide?

Case studies suggest methods that might work outside park boundaries in landscape-level conservation strategies

Nominating Nature at

Rocky Mountain

National Park

Hikers on the Narrows, Longs Peak Trail

E.A. Mills photo, USGS Photo Library

Using the National Register of Historic

Places to Recognize Historic Resources

East Longs Peak Trail: listed in the NRHP in

2007 for its significance in conservation,

recreation, and landscape architecture,

and its association with Enos Mills and the

founding of the park

Dr. Beatrice Willard’s alpine tundra

vegetation research plots: listed in NRHP in

2007 for significance in conservation and

science

Local Voices Speak at Lake Clark

National Park and Preserve

University of Alaska – Fairbanks

Project Jukebox

http://jukebox.uaf.edu/pjweb/pjhome.htm

http://jukebox.uaf.edu/lakeclark/html/ttmap-1c.html

Clicking a number brings

up a photo of the site and a

link to an MP3 recording of

a Dena’ina elder speaking

about the site.

Subsistence as History and

Community Connection Project Jukebox (with University of Alaska-

Fairbanks): oral histories, history of land and

resource use, of transportation and of preservation

of resources

Park uses subsistence program and information for

resource management, interpretation, and means

of connecting with the local community

Telaquana Trail: subsistence as frame for cultural

landscape interpretation

Sharing The Gift At Timucuan

Ecological and Historic Preserve

Theodore Roosevelt Area Hiking Guide and Trail Map

NPS Brochure, Florida Times-Union photo

“There’s a lot that’s disappearing (land), but people are waking upto the fact there’s not much left.”

“That’s why I want this place saved. So you can come see God.”

“Pretty soon there will come a day when there will be nothing but aconcrete jungle from New York City to Jacksonville.”

- Willie Browne, 1969

Using History to Blur the

Boundaries Timucuan blurs the edges of national park/urban

park, and of nature preserve/historic monument

Theodore Roosevelt Natural Area interpretation

focuses on conservation history

Kingsley Plantation interpretation includes recreation era and local history

American Beach tells the story of 20th century

segregation in recreation and daily life

Building Bridges

Between History and Nature

Landscape Arch, Arches National Park

S. W. Lohman, 1973

Tools for Telling History in the

Wider Landscape

Rocky Mountain National Park – used

National Register nominations

Lake Clark – used the subsistence element

of enabling legislation

Timucuan – used the park’s mandate as a

combined ecological and historic site to

incorporate land use, local history, and

acquisition story as conservation history

Managing

History and

Landscape

in the

National Forests

April 18, 2011

Rachel D. Kline

Caring for the land and serving people

Los Padres National Forest

Compliance

Monterey Ranger District, Los Padres National Forest

Section 106 and 110 of

the NHPA

Oftentimes, compliance

work focuses on the

document rather than

the resource.

Integrating history and the FS mission

Lake Wenatchee, Wenatchee National Forest

Forest Service Administrative Architecture

Stevens Pass Guard Station,

Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

Blanchard and Maher’s design for a two office building.

Forest Service Summer Home Tracts

South Shore Summer Home Tract

Cabins, Wenatchee National Forest

Little Medicine Lake Summer Home Tract

Cabins, Modoc National Forest

Acquired Properties

Red Rock Mercury Mine, Inyo National Forest

Rose Valley, Los Padres National Forest

Acquired Properties

Fuchs House, Mark Twain National Forest

“Our organization and our methods must never be

frozen, but always subject to change” –Gifford Pinchot

Crescent Beach Summer Home

Tract, Wenatchee National Forest

Mission Possible:

Integrating Natural

and Cultural

Resources

Protection with

Military Operations

Alexandra V. Wallace

What does CEMML do?

Support to the Department of Defense

(DoD)

Conservation

Environmental planning

Natural and cultural resources management

Joint goals: military training mission

cultural resource protection

DoD Resources

29 million acres of land in the U.S.

344,950 buildings in the U.S. and Territories

109,595 fifty years or older

Over 19,000 individual historic properties

Including over 16,700 known archaeological sites

3,200 historic buildings

694 entries on the NRHP

73 NHLs

How does the DoD protect cultural

resources?

Protection of cultural resources is part of

DoD mission

Cultural Resources Manager (CRM)

Maintains historical resources

International efforts

Coso Rock Art National Historic Landmark at the Naval

Air Weapons Station, China Lake, CaliforniaPioneer Cabin at Air Force Academy

Integrated Cultural Resources

Management Plan (ICRMP)

DoD Instruction requirement

Five year plan in tandem with installation master

plan

Tailored to each installation and mission

Maintain compliance with CR laws and

regulations, including NHPA, NAGPRA, ARPA, and

AHPA

Integrate with NEPA process

National War College Building at the

National Defense University complex

at Fort Leslie J. McNair in

Washington, D.C.

ICRMP Components

Resources with NRHP eligibility status

Potentially-disturbing actions

Standard Operating Procedures

Coordination and consultation process

Curation and repatriation procedures

Huffman Prairie at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio World War II Chapel at Adak Naval Air

Station, Alaska

Construction Engineering Research

Laboratory (CERL)

Under the guidance of the U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers

Research and development

Infrastructure and environmental sustainment

Construct, operate, and maintain installations

Ensure environmental quality

Reduced life-cycle cost

Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluating

Historic Military Landscapes

Active and inactive installations

Area within the installation’s boundary with a shared historical association, characteristics, and themes

related to the American military installation use

Complex character: heritage and technology

Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluating

Historic Military Landscapes

Holistic approach

Develop context

Identify character-defining features

Evaluate the landscapes and NRHP nomination

DoD Sustainability Application Guide for

Historic Properties

Utilize the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy

and Environmental Design rating system for existing

buildings (LEED-EB) Rating system

Four certification levels

Benefits of retrofitting Cost savings

Quality of life

Federal compliance

DoD Sustainability Application Guide for

Historic Properties

15 LEED-certified DoD buildings

Sustainable sites

Water efficiency

Energy & atmosphere

Materials & resources

Indoor environmental

quality

Innovation in upgrades,

operations, and maintenance

Legacy Resource Management

Program

Balance military mission with cultural and

natural resource protection

Cultural Property Protection Planning and

Training

Raise awareness of heritage resource

protection

Cultural Property Protection Planning

In Theater Training Cultural Training Assets:

Construction Specifications

Cultural Property Protection Planning

Archaeology and Heritage Training & Checklist

Cultural Property Protection Planning and Training

Playing Cards Soldier Pocket Cards

DoD highly values natural and cultural

resources

Integrated Cultural Resources

Management Plans (ICRMPs)

Construction Research Engineering

Laboratory (CERL)

Legacy Resource Management

Question Review

Park chronology shapes options

What can we do with restricted or

hazardous sites?

What are other opportunities for

integrating and sharing history?

What is the methodology and value for

preserving sites that may never be viewed

by a larger public due to national

security?

Brainstorm

Does compliance enabling legislation

dictate how land managers think about

history?

How are we restricted by this?

How can we get past this?