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Integrating gender into the Strategic Planning phase – the twin track approach
February 2014
Dual/ “twin-track” approach
• As per UN policy, recommended to take a “twin-track” approach with a dedicated focus on gender equality, women’s rights and women’s empowerment and gender mainstreaming.
• In the Strategic Planning phase this means having dedicated outcomes/outputs/targets/indicators that are designed to address gender inequality, and gender-based discrimination; plus including gender concerns in other outcomes/outputs/actions, including by setting targets, including specific indicators, and disaggregating all data.
• Some UNDAFs will have gender outcomes, some will not – but all should address the gender equality priorities identified in the analysis phase at the output level.
• However, often there is a weakness in translating analysis into the prioritization phase, with the result that UNDAFs do not always robustly incorporate gender issues.
Twin-track approach – outcome/outputs
Outcome (includes gender)
Output (gender specific)
Output (gender specific)
Outcome (not gender
specific)
Output (gender specific)
Output (includes gender)
Outcome (not gender
specific)
Output (includes gender)
Output (includes gender)
Output (no gender)
Example - Yemen
National Priority/Goal(s) : The promotion of gender equality to sustain development and empower women to take an equal and active part in the development of the country
UNDAF Outcome : Improved institutional and human capacity to promote gender equity and empower women in social, political, economic and legal spheres.
Country Programme Outcomes
Country Programme Outputs Indicators
2.1 Improved institutional framework ensuring that women and girls have the benefit of their equal rights
2.1.1 National laws modified in line with CEDAW provisions Number of articles violating CEDAW provisions
2.1.2 Improved access of women to both formal and traditional justice systems
1. Number of female judges 2. Number of courts with help desks for women
2.1.3 Strengthened monitoring of gender mainstreaming and the development of gender indicators in all UN programmes
n.a.
2.1.4 Increased active representation and participation of women in decision making political and social sectors
Number of women voters Number of women running for office Number of women in Parliament, local councils and the Shura council
2.1.5 Increased national and community level action to eliminate violence against women
Number of perpetrators brought to trial and held accountable
2.1.6 Increased national and local support for women’s empowerment and rights, including reproductive rights
n.a.
2.2 Increased reflection of gender concerns in allocation of public financial resources
2.2.1 Development of line ministries’ capacity to apply, assess, and monitor gender-differentiated budgets
Number of ministries using gender-differentiated budgeting
2.2.2 Increased capacity among women’s organisations to monitor and follow up gender budgeting in development activities
Number of CSOs/ women’s organizations able to monitor gender budgeting
2.3 Improved social perceptions and attitudes towards statuses and roles of women and men
2.3.1 Media, young people and CSO networks mobilised to change perception of gender roles
Number of radio/TV programs dedicated to gender issues Percentage of women between the ages of 15-19 who marry
2.3.2 Religious, political and traditional leaders and advocates engaged in promoting an improved status of women
n.a.
Example - China
Gender outcome: The rights of women to live their lives free of discrimination and violence and to greater political participation are realised.
Gender outputs:• Increased capacity and commitment of Government and other stakeholders to implement
and promote policy and legislation on the elimination of violence against, and trafficking of, women and children
• Improved government capacity to implement and promote existing laws, policies and regulations designed to reduce the sex ratio imbalance and challenge negative gender stereotypes and discrimination.
• The quantity and quality of women’s political participation is increased at all levels.• Improved awareness, understanding and implementation of CEDAW and women’s rights.
Example - Cambodia
• UNDAF Outcome: By 2015, all women, men, girls and boys are experiencing a reduction in gender disparities and progressively enjoying and exercising equal rights.
Outcome Statements:• 3.1 A harmonised aid environment that promotes gender equality and the empowerment of
women• 3.2 Strengthened and enhanced gender mainstreaming mechanisms at national and sub• national levels• 3.3 Women are progressively empowered to exercise their rights to full and productive work• with decent terms and conditions (based on ILO criteria).• 3.4 Enhanced participation of women in the public sphere, at national and sub national
levels• 3.5 Improved societal attitudes and preventive and holistic responses to gender based
violence
Example - Nepal
National Priority/Goal(s) : Social Justice and Social Inclusion
UNDAF Outcome : Respect, promotion and protection of human rights strengthened for all, especially women and the socially excluded, for sustained peace and inclusive development
Country Programme Outcomes
Country Programme Outputs
Central and local government institutions mainstream gender and social inclusion concerns in policies, plans, programme implementation, budgets and monitoring. (UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO, UNFPA UNIFEM)
NPC has improved capacity for planning, programming, budgeting and monitoring from the perspective of gender, social inclusion and poverty reduction. (UNDP and UNFPA, UNIFEM, UNICEF)
Planning and other relevant divisions of selected Ministries/Departments and district line agencies, effectively mainstream gender and social inclusion in Ministries’ policies, plans, programme implementation, budgets and monitoring. (UNFPA, UNIFEM, UNICEF)
Qualitative and quantitative evidence and analysis on discriminatory socio-cultural practices generated to influence policy. (UNFPA, UNESCO, UNIFEM)
Government, other state institutions and civil society actors protect, promote and ensure human rights for all.(UNDP, UNICEF, UNIFEM, ILO, OHCHR, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, IFAD)
Constituent Assembly, Various Commissions, Boards and Committees, Judiciary, and government institutions, law enforcement officials and security forces have improved capacities for the promotion and protection of human rights including Economic Social and Cultural rights. (OHCHR, UNDP, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNIFEM, ILO, UNESCO, IFAD)
Duty bearers have increased capacity to enact and enforce laws related to untouchability and zero tolerance of sexual and gender-based and caste-based violence. (UNIFEM & UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF)
Government institutions and CSOs strengthened and supported to ensure protection of refugees and work towards comprehensive solution. (UNHCR)
Individuals, communities and civil society groups have access to justice and are empowered to obtain fulfilment of human rights. (UNIFEM, UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO, OHCHR)
Capacity of rights holders and media enhanced to hold government, the judiciary, and law enforcement agencies accountable to respond to sexual and gender-based and caste-based violence and discriminatory socio-cultural practices. (UNFPA, UNIFEM, UNDP, UNICEF)
Human rights based education introduced in the education system and at the community level. (UNESCO, UNICEF)
Access to justice improved, especially for women and the excluded groups, through court, community mediation, legal aid, and other dispute settlement mechanisms. (UNDP, UNICEF, OHCHR)
Legal and policy frameworks protect, promote and ensure human rights, gender equality and social inclusion. (OHCHR, UNIFEM, UNICEF, UNDP, ILO, UNFPA, UNHCR)
Selected existing laws are reviewed and amended, and new legislations drafted and enacted in compliance with, and as required by Nepal’s treaty obligations and other international human rights standards. (OHCHR, UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, UNIFEM)
Gender Equality Act implemented and remaining existing laws and regulations are reviewed and amended to eliminate discriminatory laws and practices. (UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNFPA)
Necessary legal and policy frameworks in place to have proportional representation of women, Dalits, Janajatis, Madhesis, and other excluded groups in all state mechanisms. (UNDP, UNFPA OHCHR, UNIFEM)
What are we trying to change?
What are we trying to change?
Women’s and men’s consciousness
Informal cultural norms and exclusionary practices
Women’saccess toresources
Formal institutions: laws, policies, etc.
Individual Change
The arrows represent potential relationships between arenas of change
Systemic change
Informal Formal
Advocacy Approach
• Selection of outcomes and outputs by the UNCT is inevitably a political as well as a strategic exercise
• As gender advocates, need to: • Have done our own prioritization (eg in the GTG) for what we want to see
included – including draft language for outcomes and outputs, targets and indicators
• Have the evidence/analysis in place to support the case• Have lined up our support – including from government, donors and civil
society partners as well as within the UNCT• Be willing to be flexible eg have gender outcome as strategy, with fallback
eg specific gender outputs that can be included under other outcomes if the UNCT doesn’t agree on a gender-specific outcome
• Be very clear about comparative advantage on gender equality vis a vis other partners on the priority issues we propose
Example - Vietnam
• Prioritization within the Gender PCG – issue identification, prioritization exercise, validation with partners
• Priorities identified by the Gender PCG included:• Gender specific – women in decision-making, women in the informal economy, gender
based violence, and preferential treatment for men and boys (including SRB)• Cross-cutting – gender and climate change, gender and social protection, engaging
men and boys• Development of draft outcome and output statements for use by UNIFEM and UNFPA in the
UNCT Strategic Prioritization Retreat; options for including gender equality• Insufficient support for gender equality outcome – inequality outcome supported and
included.• In follow-up retreat UNCT discussed how cross-cutting issues should be handled: to ensure
a coherent programme of work on gender with specific outputs under selected outcomes; use of inclusive language in other outputs; systematic disaggregation of all baselines, targets and indicators
• Difficulties negotiating language especially use of “women and girls” vs “vulnerable groups”• Difficulties in smaller working groups to keep gender “in”.
Key Priority Issues – Problem Statements
Women are under-represented in decision-making at all levels, including formal and
informal fora, public and private sectors and at the local level
Due to gender inequalities, women are over-represented in the most vulnerable
segments of the informal economy, exposing them to further risks and
vulnerabilities
Gender Based Violence is widespread in Viet Nam but there is no nationally
structured, multi-sectoral approach that includes prevention, protection and
assistance to victims
Persistent discrimination against girls as evidenced by increased imbalance in the
Sex Ratio at Birth, and preferential treatment for boys in the family
Persistent gender inequality, inequity and discrimination exacerbates other forms of
disadvantage and disparity & acts as a brake on development
Selection of priority issues – gender specific interventions
•Lower levels of participation constrain women’s ability to have a say in decisions that affect them•Women held back by domestic role, lack of family & social support•Current government targets and policies not being implemented•Structural barriers include early retirement age
Women in decision-making
•Women concentrated in poorest jobs with lowest incomes and job security•Women have lower skill levels, less access to opportunities, training•More likely to work in invisible areas i.e. sex work, domestic work >> highly vulnerable•Lack of data and research, policies and support for women in Informal Economy
Women in Informal Economy
•GBV is widespread and seen as acceptable by many people in Viet Nam•Significant personal, social, economic costs and impacts of GBV•Currently limited services, protection, support for victims•Weak enforcement of laws on GBV/protection of women’s rights, no clear national response.
Gender-Based Violence
•Preferential treatment of boys before and after birth reflects persistent son preference•Patrilineal family structure, lack of adequate support in old age, reinforces reliance on sons•Rapidly rising SRB with significant future impact on families & society•Parents invest more in boys health & education, especially in hard times
Discrimination against girls
UN Comparative Advantage
Women in decision-making
•Most interventions by donors and CSOs focused on training and support, not women in national decision-making or targeting policy makers
•UN has comparative advantage based on existing programming, access to policy-makers, research base
•Women in decision-making is a long term UN priority and we bring global expertise and benchmarking to this issue
•UN has a key role to play in coordination of stakeholders and support
Women in Informal Economy
•A number of actors (esp. NGOs) working on women and economic issues…BUT little is being done on gender and informal economy or to address needs and rights of specific vulnerable groups.
•UN has comparative advantage to work on policy and data, i.e. supporting gender-sensitive research and data analysis, enabling legal frameworks
•UN is well placed to advocate for the most vulnerable, ie sex workers, domestic workers, etc
Gender-based violence
•Multiple interventions in this areas, ie awareness raising, development of legal frameworks, support for data, direct services and support to victims
•BUT need for greater coordination, some forms of GBV still neglected
•UN has a key role to play, especially in advocacy with policy makers, convening partners for coordination.
•UN can support improved data systems, evidence-based decision-making AND pilot new interventions ie minimum package of services
Discrimination against girls
•Broader work going on to raise awareness of GE but very little on SRB, some NGOs working on discrimination against girls
•UN currently supporting improved evidence base for SRB and son preference, active on gender discrimination in education
•UN well placed to continue support for data and research, advocacy with decision-makers, and behaviour change.
•UN has mandate to ensure unheard voices are heard
Gender in the One Plan 2012-2016
Outcome 1.2: Institutions create opportunities for
decent work for people of working age,
particularly the most vulnerable and
disadvantaged, to benefit in the process of socioeconomic
transformation;
Output 1.2.4: Employment policies are strengthened to
prevent and address discrimination and
exploitation of internal and external migrant workers, and other disadvantaged groups in the labour market due to
their sex, HIV status or disability
Outcome 1.3: Key national and sub-national agencies, in partnership with the private
sector and
communities, have established and monitor multi-sectoral strategies,
mechanisms
and resources to support implementation of relevant international conventions,
and
effectively address climate change adaptation, mitigation
and disaster risk management
Output 1.3.2 Resilience of at-risk and vulnerable groups
to natural hazards is enhanced, and nationally
relevant aspects of international agreements on
disaster risk management are implemented
Output 1.3.4. National long term climate change strategy operationalized that is based
the national development vision (SEDS) while building
on the National Target Program results.
Outcome 2.2: Increased quality and effective management of a
comprehensive national health system, including
health promotion and health protection, with a focus on ensuring more equitable
access for the most vulnerable and
disadvantaged groups
Output 2.2.4: National and sub-national capacities enhanced to strengthen evidence, and improve universal access to and
utilization of a quality and gender-sensitive package of
nutrition and sexual, reproductive, adolescent,
maternal, neonatal, and child health care and services
Outcome 2.4: National and sub-national institutions, in
partnership with communities, more actively address inequalities through
implementation and monitoring of laws, policies
and programmes that promote gender equality and women’s empowerment, and an effective and sustainable response to HIV, reducing stigma and discrimination
Output 2.4.3: Gender related legal and policy frameworks programmes and practices strengthened to effectively address gender inequality
and inequity, gender discrimination and gender-
based violence
Output 2.4.4: Multi-sectoral coordination mechanisms
effectively guide comprehensive evidence-
based planning, budgeting, M&E for a sustainable
response to gender inequality, inequity,
discrimination and gender-based violence
Outcome 3.1 Elected bodies are better able to formulate
laws and oversee the performance of State
agencies and represent the aspirations of the Vietnamese
people, especially women, ethnic minorities and other
vulnerable and disadvantaged groups;
Output 3.1.1: Elected bodies benefit from enhanced
knowledge generation and knowledge management to
access high quality research and data to guide their
legislative duties
