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Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes: A Match Made in Heaven Nupul Kukreja Annual Research Review 14 th March 2013

Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes: A Match Made in Heaven

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Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes: A Match Made in Heaven. Nupul Kukreja Annual Research Review 14 th March 2013. Outline. Motivation. Not enough time and money to implement all requirements - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and

Prioritization Processes: A Match Made in Heaven

Nupul KukrejaAnnual Research Review

14th March 2013

Page 2: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Outline

1• Motivation

2• High-level overview

3• Background and Related work

4• Two-step Prioritization Approach

5• Evaluation and Results

Page 3: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Motivation• Not enough time and money to implement

all requirements– Need to prioritize requirements w.r.t. budget and schedule

constraints• High coordination and transaction costs to ascertain

requirement priorities or reprioritizing new/changed requirements

• Too many ties using MoSCoW or 1-10 scoring– Assumes stakeholders can correctly score requirements as

per intrinsic value– Difficult to ascertain value of new/changed requirements in

relation to others

Page 4: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

SolutionValue-Based Requirements Prioritization (VBRP)!• Stakeholders select the most valuable requirements

for implementation– “Value lies in the eyes of the beholder” – but can be

captured with some effort• Decision theory folks working on this for a long time

– Some models (e.g. AHP) have been used for requirements prioritization with varying degrees of success

• Propose a ‘lightweight’ two-step approach based on TOPSIS (Technique of Ordered Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)

Page 5: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Two-step Approach – Overview

System

MMF-1Req 1Req 2

MMF-2Req 3

Req 4

MMF-3Req 5

Req 6Prioritize w.r.t. business goals

(TOPSIS)

Prioritize w.r.t. business value,

relative penalty & ease of realization

(TOPSIS)

Decompose System into

MMFs

Decompose MMFs into low level requirements

Page 6: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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Ideal Alternative (S’)

TOPSIS (What?)

Criterion 1

Criterion 2

Alternative 1

Alternative 2Non-Ideal Alternative (S*)

Aim: Rank order alternatives by their ‘closeness to ideal’ and ‘distance from non-ideal’Criterion: Has ‘direction of preference’ i.e. more/less of the criterion is preferredIdeal: Best score for each criterion Non-ideal: Worst score for each criterion

Page 7: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

TOPSIS (Why?)

Page 8: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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Page 9: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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Page 10: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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Winbook• A collaborative, social networking based tool

for requirements brainstorming similar to facebook…

• …with requirements organization using color-coded labels similar to Gmail…

• …to collaboratively converge on software system requirements reaching win-win equilibrium (based on Theory-W)…

• …by keeping it short and simple like XP’s user stories!

Page 11: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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TOPSIS integrated with Winbook in v2.0

Page 12: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

TWO-STEP PRIORITIZATION

Page 13: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

0. Goals Articulation & Prioritization• WinWin methodology assumes project goals

are captured and prioritized before commencing “WinWin Negotiations”

• Added a “precursor” step for capturing and prioritizing goals prior to initiating negotiations

• Goals captured in Winbook and prioritized using success sliders

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Page 14: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven
Page 15: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

1. MMF Decomposition• Top-down decomposition of system into Minimum

Marketable Features (MMF)– Units of software value creation– Components of intrinsic marketable value

• Prioritize MMFs against project goals:– MMFs scored against each goal on a 1-9 scale

(1 = MMF has little to no contribution in realizing the goal; 9 = MMF wholly contributes towards realizing the goal. Absolute scale okay too)

– MMF priorities ascertained by underlying TOPSIS algorithm

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Page 16: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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MMFs are ‘leaves’ of tree

Page 17: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

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MMFs

Page 18: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven
Page 19: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

2. Win Condition Capture & Prioritization• Win Conditions (WCs): Stakeholders’ desired objectives

stated in an easy to understand manner and formalized where necessary (“functional” WCs captured in ‘user-story’ format)

• MMFs decomposed into constituent WCs• Win conditions prioritized against:– Business Value (1: low; 9: high)– Relative Penalty (1: low; 9: high)– Ease of Realization (Story-points/Fibonacci scale)

• WCs priorities also computed by TOPSIS and scaled by MMF they belong to(Similar GUI as previous slide)

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Page 20: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Two-Step PrioritizationGoals

Success Sliders

MMFs

Goal 1

Goal 2

Goal n

Requirements

Business Value

Relative Penalty

Ease of Realization

: Influences Priority Score

• MMFs influenced by business goals• Win condition scores influenced

by MMFs they belong to• Change in goal weights change

in requirement priorities• Dynamically (re)prioritizable

product backlog• Developers can ‘pull’ most

valuable requirements from (up-to-date prioritized) backlog

Page 21: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Evaluation & Results• Two-step approach deployed in software

engineering project course (CS577) @ USC since Fall 2011

• Empowered teams to perform sensitivity analyses:– Varying goal weights and gauging impact on MMFs/WCs– Varying criteria weights to ascertain high-value, high-risk

or complex WCs for prototyping• New requirements/changes comparable with

existing ones to ascertain optimum scope leading to channelized negotiation sessions

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Page 22: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Evaluation & Results (Cont’d)• Ability to have requirements backlog with

accompanying rationale for each requirement• TOPSIS-Winbook approach provided significant

improvements in organizing, updating and accessing captured rationale over previous versions of the WinWin negotiation systems

• Live traceability from goals to win conditions (and vice versa) vs. static traceability matrix– Makes explicit contribution of MMFs to goals (and

consequently WCs to goals)

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Page 23: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Limitations• TOPSIS rank reversals – inclusion of spurious

alternatives can change prioritization order of requirements– Not a major concern for cooperative teams (not intent on

gaming the system)– Cause of concern for negotiation among competitors

• Hierarchical prioritization may not agree with intuition/gut-feel– Teams manually account for discrepancies

• Prerequisites/dependencies not handled in current version of Winbook

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Page 24: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Conclusion• Two-step prioritization decouples business

(goals/MMF) prioritization from individual requirements

• Ability to quickly gauge impact of changing business goal priorities on individual requirements

• Provides dynamic reprioritizable product backlog for use in lean/agile/kanban projects

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Page 25: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Integrating a decision theory based prioritization framework with a collaborative requirements negotiation and management tool thus provides a rationale-backed prioritization of requirements allowing the stakeholders to channelize their negotiation and development efforts around the most valuable requirements.

A match truly made in heaven…

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Page 26: Integrating Collaborative Requirements Negotiation and Prioritization Processes:  A  Match Made in  Heaven

Thank you!

Questions?