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Integrated Urban Water Management: Singapore’s Experience & Lessons Learnt
Maurice NeoDirector, Industry Development &
Managing Director, Singapore International Water Week
High population density
5.2M population / 710 km2 land area
High annual rainfall 2400 mm
Average water demand
1.6 million m3/d (380 mgd)
Biodata of SingaporeSmall Island State
Singapore in our early days
“Singapore … at the 170th position among a list of 190 countries in terms of freshwater availability.”
- United Nations World Water Development Report
Population Growth - Population from 1.65 million in 1960 to 5.2 million in 2011
Rapid Economic Growth – Per capital GDP from USD 428* in 1960 to USD
43,867 in 2010
Only 2 national taps - catchment (dependent on weather) and imported
water from Malaysia
Not all homes are sewered (bucket system)
Street hawkers
Unaccounted for water is high
Typical Developing Country with Myriad of Challenges
4 National Taps - Resilient supply of water
Unaccounted for Water below 5 % – One of the lowest in the world
Domestic water consumption per capita at 153 litres/day
100% of population served by potable water at the tap & 100% modern sanitation
Integrated urban and water planning to enhance the quality of our living environment
Singapore TodayProsperity Through Hard Work
The Singapore Water StoryThe Singapore Water Story
Water is top of the Government's Agenda
“ … This (water) dominated every other
policy. Every other policy had to bend at
the knees for water survival.”
- Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
(1965-1990), at the inaugural Singapore International
Water Week 2008
Lesson #1: Water is an Issue of Survival
Alignment and Alignment and ConsensusConsensus
PoliticalPolitical
Operator Operator (PUB)(PUB)
IndustryIndustry
PopulationPopulation
Emeritus Senior Minister
Goh Chok Tong drinking
NEWater in public in
2002
PM Lee Hsien Loong toasting UN
Sec-Gen Ban Ki-moon with
NEWater in 2012
The public drinking
NEWater at National
Day Parade in 2002
To achieve a liveable and sustainable Singapore
To ensure a clean, sustainable environment and water supply for Singapore
•Clean Land
To ensure an efficient, adequate and sustainable
supply of water
•Clean Air
•Public Health
•Water Supply •Used Water
•Drainage
PUB, the National Water Agency
Lesson #2: Have One Water Agency to Holistically Manage the Water Loop
A Systems Approach to Water Management
seasearainrainstormwater stormwater managementmanagement
collection collection of rainfall of rainfall
in drains & in drains & reservoirsreservoirs
treatment oftreatment ofraw to potableraw to potable
waterwater
NEWaterNEWater
collectioncollectionof used waterof used water
in sewersin sewerssupply of supply of
water to thewater to thepopulation & population &
industriesindustries
treatment treatment ofof
used waterused water
desalinationdesalination
2. Storing rainwater for water supply
3. Maintain discharge quality into drains and
sewers
4. Reusing used water instead of
discharging into sea
5. Identify gaps for R&D
1. Better overall planning & budgeting
Lesson #3: Close the Water Loop; Used Water as a Resource
Getting Singapore to build a relationship with water
• Collecting every drop• Collecting every used drop•Use every drop more than once• Creating new drops
Increasing Supply and Managing Demand
Increasing Water Supply
Managing Water Demand
Conserve, Value and Enjoy Water for All
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Collecting Every Drop
PunggolPunggol
Legend
Unprotected Water Catchment
Protected Water Catchment
Urbanized Water Catchment
Protected CatchmentUnprotected
CatchmentUrban Stormwater Collection System
o Total of 17 reservoirs, including the largest Marina Catchment at
10,000 ha
o Catchment area is now two-thirds of Singapore, to reach 90% of
Singapore’s land area by 2060
o Exploring underground caverns for water storage
Kranji Reservoir
Bedok Stormwater Pond
Marina Barrage
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Collecting Every Used Drop
Deep Tunnel Sewers
Link Sewers
Changi Outfall
Changi WRP
Ulu Pandan WRP – 46 haTreatment capacity – 361,000 m3/dayUlu Pandan WRP – 46 haTreatment capacity – 361,000 m3/day
Changi WRP – 32 haTreatment capacity – 800,000 m3/day
Changi WRP – 32 haTreatment capacity – 800,000 m3/day
• 100% sewered, 3400km of sewers• 48km Deep Tunnel Sewerage System, centralised reclamation of used water• Reclaimed water is an important feedstock for NEWater
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Using Every Drop More Than Once
NEWater pipeline
NEWater Plant
Service Reservoir
Legend
Kranji
Bedok
Ulu Pandan NEWater Plant by Keppel
Seghers- DBOO
12 mgd in 2003
17 mgd in 2008
6 mgd in 2003
18 mgd in 2009
NEWater to meet 50% of Singapore’s water demand by 2060
Sembcorp NEWater Plant – DBOO
NEWater Treatment Microfiltration /Ultrafiltration
Reverse Osmosis
Ultraviolet Disinfection
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Creating New Drops
• SingSpring Desal Plant (2005) - Produce 30 mgd for 20 years
• Tuaspring Desalination Plant (2013), will add another 70 mgd for 25 years
• Combined capacity 100mgd (current daily demand 380mgd)
• Other Ideas under exploration:
• Desalination on Barge
Desalination to meet 30% of Singapore’s water demand by 2060
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Managing Demand
Water Conservation Strategy
Pricing
Reflect the strategic importance Reflect the strategic importance and scarcity value of waterand scarcity value of water
Voluntary3P approach
Promote ownership of water
conservation
MandatoryCut down on excessive
flow and wastage of water
Domestic Water Consumption / Capita (1999-2012)
2012
• Water Efficiency Labeling Scheme
Controlling Unaccounted for Water•Network Management•Leakage Control•Strict Legislation•Accurate metering
1999
• Household visit programs
• Dual Flush Cisterns
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Pricing as a Strategy
“ … If you give it for free, no one will bother to put off the tap. Pricing is a very important part of managing the demand for water.”
- Mr Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore at
Singapore International Water Week 2011
Potable Water* Used Water
Tariff
category
Consumption block
(m3 per mth)
Tariff
(¢/m3)
WCT1
(%)
Total
(¢/m3)
WBF2
(¢/m3)
SAF3
(¢/appliance)
Domestic 1 to 40 117 30 152 30 300
Above 40 140 45 203 30 300
Non-domestic All units 117 30 152 60 300
*In Singapore, we price it at the cost of producing the next alternative drop
Lesson #4: Sustainable Water Management = Increasing Supply + Managing Demand
Engaging the Community
Lesson #5: Getting Buy-in by Bringing Onboard the Community
A. ACTIVENew recreational spaces
B. BEAUTIFUL Integration of waters with urban landscapes
C. CLEAN Improved water quality
After
After
Before
Before
• Outreach programs to raise awareness
• Incorporate water planning as part of urban planning
• Improves liveability and creates a pleasant urban environment
• National Research Foundation set aside S$330mil over five years to grow the water industry; S$140 mil added in 2011
• 2015 Targets:i. Increase value-add from S$0.5bn to S$1.7bnii. Double number of jobs to 11,000
Government Commitment to Grow the Water SectorGrowing a Water Industry
Lesson #6: Tapping on Industry to serve PUB’s needs
Global Water Players & UtilitiesOverseas Institutions
Local Water CompaniesLocal Academic Institutions
Invest in the Future
Lesson #7: Future-ready through Innovations and Technology
Public-Private PartnershipsPublic-Private Partnerships Co-creating innovative water solutionsCo-creating innovative water solutions
Sembcorp NEWater Plant
Keppel Seghers Ulu Pandan Water Reclamation Plant
Hyflux Singspring Desalination Plant
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (Consultant: CH2MHILL)
Low-energy desalination (PUB-Siemens)
Fish Activity Monitoring System (PUB, I2R, ZWEEC)
Improve Improve and Protect and Protect
Water Water QualityQuality ReduceReduce
Energy Energy ConsumptionConsumption
IncreaseIncreaseWater Water
ResourcesResources
MinimizeMinimizeWaste Waste
GenerationGeneration
Lower Lower Chemical Chemical
UsageUsage
Decrease Decrease Water Water
Production Production Costs Costs
Technically Feasible and Technically Feasible and Economically Viable Water SolutionsEconomically Viable Water Solutions• Almost S$800M worth Almost S$800M worth
of projects awarded of projects awarded annuallyannually
• Design, Build, Own, Design, Build, Own, Operate schemesOperate schemes
• Over 100 Test-bedding Over 100 Test-bedding projects conducted projects conducted with PUBwith PUB
• Funding schemes for Funding schemes for R&D via technology R&D via technology roadmaproadmap
Co-creating Solutions Together
Bringing the world together to share and co-create innovative water solutions
• A global event: More than 19,000 delegates from 104 regions/countries in 2012
• A solutions-oriented conference and exhibition• Attracts delegates across the entire water sector• Key focus areas: business, networking, R&D and
technology
• Date: 18 – 19 Sep 2013• Location: Singapore• Target audience: Approx. 100 – 150 senior leaders to co-create innovative solutions for the water utilities sector
SIWW Water Utilities Leaders Forum“Mapping Challenges & Solutions”
CONTINUITYCONTINUITY: Continue the dialogue with fellow water leaders up to the next SIWW
CONTINUITYCONTINUITY: Continue the dialogue with fellow water leaders up to the next SIWW
OWNERSHIP: OWNERSHIP: Be part of the pioneer group to co-create a “live” document that charts challenges and solutions for water utilities
OWNERSHIP: OWNERSHIP: Be part of the pioneer group to co-create a “live” document that charts challenges and solutions for water utilities
EXCLUSIVE:EXCLUSIVE:High-level and by-invitation only
EXCLUSIVE:EXCLUSIVE:High-level and by-invitation only
Lesson #8: Sharing Our Experience and Learning from Others
Thank You