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Integrated Tsunami Risk Management in Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) : Collaborative mapping to reduce vulnerability
Le Duff¹ M, Dumas¹ P, Allenbach1,2 M
1. Laboratoire ISEA, Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), BP R4 – 98851 Nouméa Cédex. [email protected]. Labex CORAIL
Conference : GIS and RS User conference, Innovative geospatial solutions to pacific island challenges, Suva, Fidji, 27th – 30th november 2017
Introduction Land Goal Method Results Conclusion
New Caledonian’s juridic context is specific and complex.Classical tools of Disaster Risk Reduction can't be used fortraditional land tenure and are inapt to the culturalcontext.
ADRAF, 2016
Grande Terre
New Caledonia
Introduction Land Goal Method Results Conclusion
Loyalty islands
Loyalty islands are localized in a verycomplicated structural situation : asubduction of the Australian Platebeneath the Vanuatu arc at anhorizontal velocity estimate around12 cm/year. A seismic context whichcan be create a tsunami. The lasttsunami event were the 28 march1875 and 25 persons killed.
Seismic gap
Ioulalen et al, 2017Calmant et al, 2003
Introduction Land Goals Method Results Conclusion
The main objectives of this work were :
Characterized the exposition and vulnerability of coastaltribes
Sensibilized population to the tsunami risk in order to reducetheir vulnerability, reinforce their resilience, adaptingdisaster risk reduction policy to the cultural context, identifyand used traditional knowledge about this risk.
Coproduct the tsunami strategy of the “Plan Communal deSauvegarde (PCS)” : is the French document for communaloperational risk management
Identified for each tribes needs to facilitate evacuation,evacuation road, safe area to stay during alert, signalization,sirens…
Identified old events, and their consequences by enquirywith population, oral traditions, and capitalization of spatialindicators of the submersion limits like rocks deposits, ruinsor toponyms… Sea level oscillation (+/- 1,3 m) in the Ahmelewedr bay (Lifou) +/-2h after an earthquake in Santa Cruz
Island (North of Vanuatu) in February 2013 (4 min between each photography)
Introduction Land Goals Method Results Conclusion
collaborative mapping (exposition and tribalevacuation planning)
Identification of evacuation roads (old fieldaccess, hunting trails..etc), safe location (old fields,tribal house, sports field), evacuation's time(pedestrian)
Discuss about tsunami(history, legend, traditionalknowledge, natural signs)
Introduction Land Goals Method Results Conclusion
Community produced a synthetically mapwith all working groups. A completerestitution for all the tribe was organized inevening, there working groups present tothe community result of their work anddiscuss of the planning with everybodyand adjusted it.
Introduction Land Goals Method Results Conclusion
Example : Wabao's tribe (MaréIsland)
Production of an ATLAS and aneeds report for collectivity
Using collaborative map toproduce an operational atlas ofexposition and needs.
Introduction Land Goal Method Results Conclusion
Goal : Pedestrian evacuationless than 20min from everypoint of the tribe.
Evacuation Map :Pedestrian time to go to the safelocation (Distance/Timeevaluation from collaborativeexercice)
Blue (dash) : Topometric 10mline, from which one we canconsidered in the Loyalty islandcontext that risk is less. (Coastaldistance > 500m)
Introduction Land Goals Method Results Conclusion
Goal : Pedestrian evacuationless than 20min from everypoint of the tribe.
Evacuation Map :Pedestrian time to go to the safelocation (Distance/Timeevaluation from collaborativeexercice)
Blue (dash) : Topometric 10mline, from which one we canconsidered in the Loyalty islandcontext that risk is less. (Coastaldistance > 500m)
Introduction Land Goals Method Results Conclusion
Example : South of Lifouisland
Mapping reconstitutionof the historic tsunamisubmersion of the 28march 1875 (25 killed,several dozens hurt,several hundredhomeless) from oraltraditions, archive andspatial indicators
Introduction Land Goal Method Results Conclusion
Conclusion
From this collaborative work are borned different projects.Different roads has been opened, authorities put abilingual signs (French and vernacular language) and safezones had been create in different sites.
An essential aspect have to be noted, in this kind ofcollaborative approach of the prevention, the mostefficient is the process of co-construction more than thefinality herself. The concretization around materiel objectis the materialization of the collaborative effort and thatis the an important point but the most important is theprocesses himself.
In fact, today, collectivity used this work in collaborationwith traditional stakeholders and population to do adevelopment planification of the coastal tribes on the2016-2021 period. That is possible because, eachparticipants appropriated them the tools andcomprehension of process.
In our work, mapping had been a pedagogical, mediationand prevention tool partaged with all territorialstakeholders.
Medicalised safe location for the free clinic (Lifou)Bilingual evacuation signs
(French/Vernacular language)
Thank YouVinaka
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