Upload
doreen-briggs
View
223
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
Transparencies 2003
EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results
www.eu-portal.net
TRANSPORT TEACHING MATERIAL
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DEFINITION
Scales:• Socio-economic environment• Mobility policy• Transport and Land-use Planning• Interchange surrounding area• Interface infrastructure.
Points of wiew:• Policy and Institutional issues
• Management and operational issues
• Planning, design and implementation
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
OBJECTIVES AND SKILLS
• Overview of intermodality
• Factors related to “Integration”
• Actual tendencies in Interchange
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
2 Land Use Policy
3 Economic Policy
4 Sociocultural Policy
5 Environmental & Energy Policy
Public Transport
Car
Transport
Walking & Cycling
Transport networks
1 Mobility Policy and Transport systems: problem pointed out: Transport Chains
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
CHALLENGES
• Sociological challenges
• Political challenges
• Legal and Regulatory challenges
• Technical challenges
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
OVERVIEW• Integrated Transport Chains
• Transport System Elements
• Transport Interchange: vital role in public transport system
• Location of an Interchange in the Transport and Land-use System
• Design of the Interchange
• Economic Organization, Management and Operation of Transport Interchange
• Information and Mobility Management
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
• Transport System Elements:
• Policy and Institutional issues.
• Public transport network.
• Management and Operational issues.
• Related Elements:
• Economic and Institutional environment.
• Physical environment.
• Local habits and customs.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
TRANSPORT SYSTEM ELEMENTS AND ISSUES
levels issues
socio-economic environment
mobility policy public transport networkinterchange surrounding
areainterchange infrastructure
Transport and Land use policies Promotion of public transport
policies Administrative integration of different transport authorities
Location Urban regeneration
policies New urban developments: urban
planning models
Co-operation between different stakeholders
Fixing pub.transport network aims & benchmarks
Environmental and mobility impact
assessment required
Security Information means
Cleanliness and Maintenance
-Efficient payment means
Land use planning Transport network planning
Urban projects Feeder planning
Visibility (Information)
PT System information Perception of surroundings
Environmental and mobility impact
assessment required
Coherence between mobility/land use policy, economic
policy, social aims and environmental
policy
Coherence between transport
and land use policies
Urban development strategy
management & operational issues
Co-ordinate policy Research on lateral
effects
Program and project partnerships
Co-ordinate planning
Dispatching by telematics, ICT Pricing, ticketing
Network and travel information (Trip-planners)
Co-ordinated services
Security: Cleanliness Information
Feeder operation
policy & institutional issues
planning, design & implementation
Creating public support for new
policies Legislation
Mobility management
Telematics, ICT Mobility system
information
Accessibility Lighting Parking
Minimize transfer time Location of services
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DISFUNCTIONS IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• High energy consumption.
• Traffic congestion.
• High level of pollution.
• More time spent on travel.
• Dissatisfied users.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
ENCOURAGING USERS TO TRAVEL ON COLLECTIVE TRANSPORT
• because it needs less:
• energy/passenger and Km
• space
• and so decrease:
• pollution emissions
• congestion
• time spent on travel
• dissatisfaction
• the way to achieve it:
• actions on all of the transport system elements
• actions on the related elements
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE:VITAL ROLE IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• Transport system gate
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE:VITAL ROLE IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• Point to change for passengersfrom one mode or service to another
• Meeting point for different transport modes and operators
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE: AN ELEMENT IN THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
PLANNING, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL ISSIUES
POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
LOCATION OF AN INTERMODAL INTERCHANGE IN THE TRANSPORT AND TERRITORIAL SYSTEM
Identify long-term consequences:
• Land Use policies and development patterns
• Rising properties values
• Promoting intermodal travel
Effects:
• Territorial
• Urban
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
TERRITORIAL EFFECTS
• Make public transport competitive vs private transport:
• Urban sprawl vs compact city
• Competition with better roads
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
URBAN EFFECTS
• Generation of new demand and activities in and around it.
• revitalisation an existing urban area
• to support a new development
• Objectives:
• accessibility
• configuration and scale
• interaction with the community served
• visibility
• security
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DEVELOPING INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORKS
• Optimise the use of different transport means to compete in comfort, speed and flexibility with private car, considering the travel as a whole, trying to reduce any perception of breaking its trip for the passenger.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DEVELOPING INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORKS
• Objectives:
• Try to get the longer trips with the most efficient, best capacity, and fastest mean
• Optimise accessibility of travel generating centres.
• Information:
• Demand assessment
• Social behaviour of users and non-users
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER
• Architecture: transparency,
visibility and brightness against
large and dark corridors, poorly-
lit, small and enclosed waiting
areas.
• Technical requirements
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER
• Software and Technologies:
providing real time information
systems for passengers and
vehicle control systems.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER
• Users groups and needs:
elderly, disabled,
commuters, planners,
service operators.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER
• Accessibility:
avoiding barriers.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: URBAN DESIGN
• Entrance to the
Transport System
• Image of the city
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: URBAN DESIGN
• Feeding
• Functionality
• Without clear limits
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Clear axes of visibility
between entrances,
exits, platforms, etc.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Use natural light, by incorporating
transparent and glass surfaces as
much as possible.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Platforms and access
passages should be
wide enough for
passengers to feel
safe.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Short walking
distances
• Escalators and lifts
should be provided
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Disabled and elderly
passengers should
enjoy an easy and
convenient access.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Separated pedestrian
flows
• Avoiding dangerous
situations, and traffic
conflicts
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Ticketing machines
should be located at
entrances and
concourses
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Timetables covering all
transport modes should be
well located and designed
to be easy to consult
• Passengers service areas
and elements should be
built in and clearly
identified
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Information points with
trained staff are very
useful for certain
passengers
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Parking facilities with
areas well protected
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE:INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE
• Park & Ride, Kiss & Ride
areas and facilities for
disabled people
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
• Economic Organization, Management and Operation are aspects linked with:
• the design
• the political, economic and physical environment
• Economic Organization, Management and Operation must be orientated to:
• Achieve the best working of the interchange
• Co-ordinating the operators, services and modes
• Managing revenues
• Encouraging passengers to use the public transport system
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION
• Definition of responsibilities and hierarchy:
• Organization of staff at the interchange
• Co-ordination of operators and services
• Definition of financial structure:
• The way it is financed (public/private funding)
• Income and revenue management
• Options for increasing revenue
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: OBJECTIVES
• Reduce waiting times
• Guarantee intermodality
• Improve transport system
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS
• Establishment of a clear network flow of information amongst
different modes and services.
• Definition of a timetable schedules and frequencies in order
to ensure minimum transfer and waiting times.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS
• Give up-to-date, helpful and, above all, reliable information.
• Early and detailed advice on alternative services.
• Visible availability of staff, to give help and advice.
• Efficient handling of reimburse-ment.
• Information.
• Control the observance of established timetable.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS
• Pricing and fares policy:
• purchase tickets prior to travel, integrated information, reservation facilities and new technologies (telephone, internet, etc).
• multi-modal tickets: electronic tickets.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS
• Security and surveillance
• Inside the interchange
• In the parking lot (car, cycles)
• In the surrounding areas
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS
• Existence of previous planning that cares for possible incidences and social and economic development.
• Complementary services for operators:
• Parking for their vehicles
• Auxiliary system of exploitation
• Areas where drivers can eat, sleep or wait comfortably
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS
• Complementary services for users:
• Information
• Shopping, catering and other services
• Toilets, telephone, luggage handling, etc.
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
INFORMATION AND MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
• Information
• Telematics in public transport
• Travel and traffic information service
• Mobility management
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS• A large number of problems about transport can be avoided
encouraging the passengers to travel by collective transport modes and the way to get it is:
• making the public transport system more efficient.
• promoting and marketing the public transport system benefits.
• Intermodality is the element that allows to increase the number of combinations and possible journeys.
• The interchange is the place where the passengers change the transport mode.
• The transport interchange success is based on a good location and design as much as on adequate management, efficient information supply and persuading people to change their habits.These closely linked aspects must be considered from the beginning.