Integrated Gas Hydrate Prediction in Design and … II – In presence of heavier gases propane, butane • Hydrate H Picture Courtesy :. Feb. 7 - 11, 2011 2011 Gas-Lift Workshop 5

34th Gas-Lift WorkshopSingapore

February 7 - 11, 2011

This presentation is the property of the author(s) and his/her/their company(ies).It may not be used for any purpose other than viewing by Workshop attendees without the expressed written permission of the author(s).

Integrated Gas Hydrate Prediction in Design and Analysis of Gas Lifted Asset

Rajan Chokshi, Ashok Dixit, Subash Kannan

Weatherford International

Feb. 7 - 11, 2011 2011 Gas-Lift Workshop 2

Overview

• Hydrate Chemistry• Hydrate Forming Conditions in GL Assets• Prediction in Well Model• Prediction in Network Model• Hydrate Inhibition• Real Time update of models - Iterative Process….• Conclusion


Hydrate Chemistry Gas Hydrates• Ice like crystalline structures formed by water

and stabilized by the presence of light gases and hydrocarbons

• It is a significant threat to the flow assurance of the production systems

• Can plug lines with little or no warning


Hydrate Chemistry Hydrate Types• Hydrate I - In presence of light gases methane, ethane• Hydrate II – In presence of heavier gases propane,

butane• Hydrate H

Picture Courtesy :www.pet.hw.ac.uk


Hydrate Forming ConditionsSome significant factors that influence hydrate

formation are,• Hydrate Structure• Operating Conditions

– Pressure, Temperature– Composition– Injection Fluids/ Injection Conditions

• Joule Thompson Cooling


Hydrate – Typical Phase envelop

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Psia

Temperature (deg F)

Below Injection Point

HYDRATE FORMATION

ZONE


Hydrate envelop – with Injection gas

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Psia

Temperature (deg F)

Above & Below Injection Point

HYDRATEFORMATION

ZONE

Gas lifted well model



Hydrate envelop with PT Profile


Hydrate envelop with PT Profile(above gas Injection point)

Fluid composition and phase envelop


Below Injection Point

Above Injection Point

Subsea Gas Lift Asset


Subsea Wells

FPSO

Gas injection Line

Riser

Wells - Below injection point


Well #2 Well #3

Well #4 Well #5 Well #6

Well #1

• The hydrate envelop for all subsea wells above Injection point

Wells - Above injection point




• The hydrate envelop for all subsea wells below Injection point


Hydrate envelop with PT Profile (Riser)


Common methods to prevent Hydrates• Addition of Hydrate Inhibitors

– Industry standard inhibitors

• Methanol, Ethanol, Mono-Ethylene Glycol (MEG), Di-Ethylene Glycol (DEG), etc.

– How inhibitor works?

• They dissolve in water and thus alter the properties of water which reduces the tendency of hydrate formation

• Heat Flow-line to Increase the Fluid Temperature• Dehydrate Gas


Hydrate Inhibition

18

Hydrate

Network ModelFlow

Assurance Module

Hydrate Prediction (Real Time)

This is an iterative Process which can update the well and network model to predict the Possible Hydrate Formation and help with calculation of Inhibitor Injection rates.


Conclusion• The seamless integration between Well/Surface

network module and Flow Assurance module facilitates fast and efficient analysis of multiple scenarios.

• The concurrent display of Hydrate curves and P&T profiles assist user in identifying the possible Hydrate formation location in the well / flowline quickly

• Module can Predict the Hydrates with the available Black Oil Data- No need of Compositional PVT (Internally translated)


Conclusion• The hydrate inhibitor functionality allows user to study

the efficacy of various industry standard inhibitors and also optimize the inhibitor quantity.

• Real Time update of the models assure that the Possible Hydrate Formation can be predicted at any stage.


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Documents

Integrated Gas Hydrate Prediction in Design and … II – In presence of heavier gases propane, butane • Hydrate H Picture Courtesy :. Feb. 7 - 11, 2011 2011 Gas-Lift Workshop 5