AEROPHONEThe so or ch (from the Chinese di or xiao) is a transverse bamboo flute. It has five finger-holes at the front and one at the back. .

(2:03)The knis an instrument used in traditional Vietnamese music. It has a double reedand a conical wooden body. It produces a powerful and penetrating high-pitched sound, similar to the Chinese suona.Kn bu- with a wooden bell carved in a gourd shape; comes in several sizes. Knmeansoboeandbumeansgourd.

Kn m ma- with a metal bell; used for funerals in northern Vietnam. Knmeans oboeand m mameans funeral. The instrument has a conical hardwood body with seven finger holes. Unlike the Chinese suonaand Korean taepyeongso, thekn buhas a detachable bell made ofjackfruitwood, carved in the shape of a gourd. Into the playing end is fitted a small brass tube onto which a small double reed is placed.The instrument's technique involves the use of circular breathingas well as a wide variety of ornamentation including wide vibrato and sliding tones. Circular breathing is accomplished by breathing inthrough thenosewhile simultaneously pushing airoutthrough the mouth using air stored in thecheeks.

CHORDOPHONEThe n t b is a Vietnamesetraditional plucked string instrumentrelated to the Chinese pipa. "n" is the Vietnamese prefix meaning "stringed instruments", so that we can see many strings instruments start with this Dan word. It is made of wood, with a distinctive pear shape and four strings made of nylon. The instrument is held in a near-vertical positionand its playing technique involves frequent bending of the tones with the fingers of the left hand.

CHORDOPHONEThe n nguytis a two-stringed Vietnamese traditional musical instrument, literally means "moon string instrument", so called . The instrument's raised frets, allow for the bending tones which are so important to the proper interpretation of Vietnamese traditional music. Such bending tones are produced by pressing the string toward the neck rather than bending to the side. The strings are generally plucked with a small plectrum; often a plastic guitar pickis used. The instrument can be tuned in various ways, although the ratio between strings is usually a perfect fourth or fifth (or, more rarely, an octave). As there is no fixed tonic, the instrument may be retuned to fit the voice or other instruments.

CHORDOPHONEThe n bu is aVietnamesemonochord, or one-string guitar, chinese called . Originally, the dan bau was made of just four parts: a bamboo tube, a wooden rod, a coconut shell half, and a silk string. The string was strung across the bamboo, tied on one end to the rod, which is perpendicularly attached to the bamboo. The coconut shell was attached to the rod, serving as a resonator. In present days, the bamboo has been replaced by a wooden soundboard, with hardwood as the sides and softwood as the middle. An electric guitar string has replaced the traditional silk string. While the gourd is still present, it is now generally made of wood, acting only as a decorative feature. The dan bau technique appears relatively simple at first glance, but actually requires a great deal of precision. The fifth finger of the musician's right hand rests lightly on the string at one of seven commonly used nodes, while the thumb and index finger pluck the string using a long plectrum. The nodes are the notes of the first seven overtones, or flageolets, similar to guitar harmonics at the string positions above the octave (1/2), the perfect fifth (2/3), the perfect fourth (3/4), the just major third (4/5), the just minor third (5/6) and two tones not present on the Western musical scale: the septimal minor third (6/7) and the septimal whole tone (7/8). With the left hand, the player pushes the flexible rod toward the instrument with the index finger to lower the pitch of the note, or pushes it away from the instrument with the thumb to raise the pitch. This technique is used to play notes not available at a node, or to add vibrato to any note.

The n y is a Vietnamese plucked lute with three strings, a trapezoidal wooden body, and a very long wooden neck with ten raised frets. Players formerly used silk strings, but since the late 20th century have generally used nylon. Dan Day long-necked three-stringed lute with trapezoidal body. It is used primarily in Northern Vietnam, and is one of the accompanying instruments used in ca tr.

MEMBRANOPHONESome drums with two heads are the i c (big drum), a barrel-shaped drum beaten with one or two sticks and similar to the Chinese dgu (nha nhac)

The Chm people use the baranng, a large, single-headed frame drum, to accompany their long songs. It can also be played in an ensemble for ceremonial music.(cheo drum)

(1:58)The trng chin (battle drum), a barrel-shaped drum used in the traditional theatre (nha nhac)

idiophone(2:44)the m sng tru, a part of a hollowed buffalo horn (nha hac). Its like the metronome in this music.