Instrumentation Terms3 -2

7/28/2019 Instrumentation Terms3 -2

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INSTRUMENTATION TERMS

Instrumentation Is a collection and their application for thepurpose of Observation, Measurement and

Control

Term for devices or procedures used in the

measurement and evaluation of industrial

process which is also concerned with the

theory and practice of industrial

measurement and control

Its first concern is therefore to be able to

measure process variables and to know the

information obtained is sufficiently accurate

ISA

SAMA

ANSI

Instrumentation and Systems Automation

Society

Scientific Apparatus Makers Association

American National Standard Institute

Process Variables Should be monitored and kept within limits

which give satisfactory performance


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Instrumentation

Is device that measures or manipulates such

a flow, temperature, level or pressure and

include other devices which can be as simple

as valve and transmitters and as complex as

analyzers

Comprises control systems of varied

processes, the control of these processes is

one of the main branches of applied

instrumentation

Industrial Control Is used to define this type of system, which

automatically monitors manufacturing

process being executed and takes the

appropriate corrective action if the operation

Is not performing properly

Process Control One or more variables are regulated duringthe manufacturing of a product

Process Control may

include

Temperature, pressure, flow rate, liquid and

solid level, ph or humidity

Sensor Provide inputs from the process and fromthe external environment

Convert physical information such as

pressure, temperature, flow rate and


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position into electrical signal

Are related to a physical variable in a known

way so that their electrical signal can be

monitored

Human-Machine

Interface (HMI)

Allows inputs from a human to set up the

starting conditions are alter the control of a

process

Allows human inputs through various typesof switches, control and keypads

Operates using supplied input information

that may include emergency shutdown

Signal Conditioning

Circuit

Involves converting input and output signals

into a usable form

Includes signal conditioning techniques such

as amplification, attenuation, etc.

Actuator Convert system output electrical signal into

physical actions

Have a process actuators that include flow

control valves, pumps, positioning device,

etc.


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External actuators such meters, monitors,

printers, alarms, pilot lights that indicates the

state of the process

Controller Makes the systems decision based on the

input signal

Generates output signals which operate

actuators to carry out the decisions

Process Control Is the type of industrial control system most

often used in manufacturing and are divided

into two categories, batch and continous

Batch Processing Is a sequence of timed operations executed

on the product being manufactured

Continuous Process One or more operations are being performed

as the product is being passed through a

process.

Motion Control System Is an automatic control system that controls

the physical motion or position of an object


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Instrumentation Terms3 -2