[S.S. 152.1 O.B./1146. 40/W.0./5673.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TRAINING OF THE BRITISH.

ARMIES IN FRANUE.

REVISED EDTTION. (The provisional edition of June, 1917, is hereby

cancelled.),

(ISSUEDBY THE GENERAL STAFF.)

5

CONTENTS. CELU'TJ.: 1% I.

T H EPOIJCYOF TRAINING spct.

1.' 2. ' a.

PagoGeneral Policy ... ... I<esponsibiIity or ~ o m r n n n ~ c r s._. schools Sllll Cuu1ps ... ...

iplcsiinirig i n inq

...

...

... ... ... ... s

6

11 17 18 19

11.

111.

IT.

v.

VI.

VI[.

. . . . . . . ,

. . . ...

... ...

...

...

...

...

... ...

... . . . .

... ... \WI.

... ... IX .

... ... X.

CORPS INFANTRY S C n o O ~ c o n L i ? t u e d . Lemia Gum School ...

A Syllabus.B Estsblishment.I I

Appendix ... XI.

CORPSSIGNAL SCHOOI; .._ ... ... ... XII. (A) Syllabus.(B) Estabiishmcnt.

CORPRANTI.GAR SCHOOL . . . . . . . ... ... XIII. A) Syllabus.B1 Establishment.

CAVALRYCORPSEQUITITIOX ScHoor, Est&blishmcnt.

... XIV.

CAVALR-Y DIVISIONAL SCIIOOL ... ... ... xv. (A) Syllabus.(BI.EstabliRhmsnt,

... XVI.

~ ~~~. .pj Hotcbliiss GUU ~;an~h":.Syii&s. ,D) E ~ t a b l i ~ h m c n t .

G.H.Q. ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNNERY SOrIOOL ... ... XVII.

R.E. SCHOOL ... ... ... ... ... XVIII. (A) Syllabus.(B)Establishment.

B R ~ U O I N ~SCHOOL ... ... ... . ~ . XIX. (A) Syllabus.(B) Establishment.

G.H.Q. NIRELESS SCAOOL ... ... ... xx. ConrsoR.

ASSAULT,&'RYSICAL AND BECREdTIORAl, TRdlXlNO ... XXI. Yyllabns of Course.

TRAIN IN^ I\ BATTALION... ... ... t... xxii. tA) Suggested Allotment of Time. (U) Suggested Yrogmmnmc for Iudividual, Section,

Platoon ana Company Training. (C) Notcs on'Nusketry Trainiug (lor units out 01,

the line for short periods of rcst) . (U) Field Practice (F3syonet-flglitiug and Nnslcetry).

GENERAL STAFF OFFICERS (TRAINING) ... ... XXIII. Duties of G.S .0 . s I (Training) in Armi0s and of

G.S.0.s 2 (Training) in Corps. XXIV.

CHAPTER I.

THE POLICY OF TRAINING.

1. GENERAL POLICY. 1. The general policy of training in the British Armies in

Prance may be briefly stated to be as follows :-( i . ) Commanders of formations a re responsible for

the efficiency of thc units undcr their immediate command.

(ii.) Commanding Officers a re responsible for the . training of all oficers, N.C.0.s and men in their units. (iii.) Various special Instructors a re trained at

Schools in order to .assist Commanding Officers in trnining their units.

With the same object courses of instruction a re given at Schools for Company Commanders, Platoon Commanders, Company Sergeant-Majors, and Platoon

- Sergeants.. (iv.) Reinforcements, with certain exceptions, a re

trnined at Corps Reinforcemcnt Cnmps or with their units.

2. RESPONSIBILITY OF COMMANDERS. 1. Commanders W i l l t ra in the troops they lcad into

action. This is a principlo which must never he departedfrom, and nothing in the following instructions, thc objcct of which is to co-ordinate policy and system, and so to arrive at uniformity of doctrine, is to he held to relieve Comminders of their initial responsibility.

No form of training w'hich can be carried out by Officers' Commanding u&s is to he relegated to Schools. NOTE.-Expcrience has shown that there a re certain special

and technical forms of training which cannot he exploited to the fullest extent in units. For these it will be necessary to send personnel to Schools. 2. The word '' School," in the fdllowing instructions, is

not to be confuscd with " Class of Instruction."

6 *

Sec. S.

Schools a re established by G.H.Q.,Armies and Corps, on a permanent basis, with an approvcd establishment,. for the primary porposc of training Instrimtorr. Classes of instruc-tion a re formed temporarily by Divisions and Brigades for the purposc of training Personiael, and Instructors as may he necessary.

It is not intended t o intcrferc with the discretion of Divisional and Brigade Commanders t o form Classes of Instruction. ( S e e Sec. 4, Para. 8.)

3. As a general principle, young officers should not he sent to a School until thcy,have been at duty with their unit for at lcast thrcc months.

3. SCHOOLS AND CAMPS. 1. Schools in England train :-Staff Officers, Scnior and Junior (Clare and Cai'us

Collegcs, Cambridge). Senior Infantry Regimental Oficcrs t o b e Battalion Com-

manders (Aldershot). . Officers of the Royal Artillery to be Battcry Commanders (Salisbnr.~ Plain).*

Special courses a re also held for the higher training ofLieut.-Coloncls and Najors.

Officers 'and N.C.0.s of Roval Artillery Anti-Aircraft, in technical Anti-Aircraft work (Shoebnryness).

2. ,Tho Schools and Camps t o bc maintained in future in France a re divided into the following.categorics :-

(A) G.H.Q. Schools. (R) Army Schools. ( 0 ) Corps Schools.

(A) G . H . Q . Schools.. . (i.) Tce G.H.Q.Sinall Arms School, divided into two

branches-Machine GUII and Lcwis Gun-for thc ti.aiuing of Offccrs and N.C.0.s ill thc higher tactical handling of these two wcapons. (Appe.ndix S V I . )

(ii.) The Q.H.Q. Anti-Aircraft Gunnery School, for the training of Oficcrs and N.C.0.s of Royal Artillery Anti- Aircraft, in practical A.nti-Aircraft work. (Appendix S V I I . )

* This Seliool also carries out oxperimentai work with &I1 IIKLIII'CS or guns.

6 '

Sec. 3. (iii.) R.E. School, for the training. of Coinmanders and

Scconds in Coininand of Field Squadrons, Field Conipanies, and Army Troops Companies, R.E. (Appcndix S V I 11.)

(iv.) Bridging School, for the training of personncl.(Apmndix SIX.)

for units, but i t will also train personnel to replace wastage. (Appendix V.)

7

. .-

sec. s. ( d ) A Signal School, which Nil1 be maintained in Close

touch with the Army Signal Company. (Appendix VI.) (e) An Anti-Gas School, for the training of Divisional

Gas Officers, Corps and Divisional Gas N.C.O.s, and fol special courses for Officers and N.C.0.s. (Appendix VII.)

( f ) Army Musketry Camps. Thc primary function of these is to refresh Regimental

Officers and N.C.0.s i n the use of the rifle in battle. They may also be uscd to assist units in musketry training by the allotment of rangcs and the loan of instructors, mhere t h i s can be done wiLilout intcrfcring with the regular output of students. (Sec. 5 , para. 5, and Appendix VI I I . )

( C ) Corps Schools and Camps. . Io each Corps there Nil1 he one parent School:-

( . ) A n Tnlantry School, for. the training of Platoon Commandcrs and Platoon Scrgcants. (Appcndix IX. )

This School will have nftilinted to it- ( i ,) A Bombing and Light Mortar School.

(Ap cndix X.)&. A h v i s Gun School. (Appendix XI.) (iii.1 ( In tho Schools of Ovcrseas Forces) Senior

Officers' nnd'N.C.0.s' Courses. I n addition there will be :-

( 6 ) A Signal School, which will be.maintained in close touch with the Corps Signal Company. (Appendix XII.)

(c) A Corps Anti-Gas School for training Gas N.C.0.s and for instructing as many Officers and N.C.0.s as possihlc in gas dcfcncc. (Appendix XIII.)

( ( 2 ) A Corps Mounted Troops School, when required. (e) A Cavalry Corps Equitation School, while

necessary. (Appendix XIV.) Cf) Cavalri*- divisional^ Schools, when required.

(Appendix XV.) NOTE.-The primary function of all these 'Schools is the

production of Instructors for units; but the Bombing and Light Mortar School will also train personnel to replace wastage.

(g) Corps Reinforcement Camps, intended :-Li . ) As Camps where trained Infant ry Reinforce- .

ments (as enumerated in Sec. 5, 7(a),await despatch to thcir'units, and to which the pcrsonnel not taken into action by their units should he seut.

~ .. .. 8

Sec. S.

No trained reinforccments a re to bo retained a t Corps Roinforceincnt Camps if Lhcir units a rc so situated that they c a n receivc Lliein.

(ii.) As Training ,Camps- (a)For men untrained as 1nf;rntl.y trails-

fcrred t c tha t arm. ( b ) To. which inefficient Infnntrymon can be

scnt Prom units for furlher training. Corps Rcinforcement Camps should bc situatcd i n the

proximity of a railway station in the Corps back area, at such .z distance tha t they c m be easily visitod by Commanders nnd Staffs, but not so far forward that they becornc cramped by horse linos, depbts, morkshops, etc. (Sec. 5 , paras. 6 1 3 . )

3. I n the case both of Armics and Corps, affiliated Schools should bo situated in the same placc as their parent School. When considerations oi terrain suitable for training make this impracticable, they should be situated sufficiently uear to admit of their being administered by the Commandant and staff of their parcnt School, so as to secure facilities of administration and consequent economy in administrative personnel.

4. I n the event of Army or Corps Readqnarters moving from one area to another, the following procedure will he adopted :-

(a)Army Schools Till, in thc first instance, remain and continue thcir courses i n thcir old area, . the Row of students being regulated by G.H.Q. on the the principle that, as far as possible, Armies brain their own Divisions.

( b ) Wherever accommodation is availahlc in the new area, Corps Schools will bc frcshly formed as early as possible. Where accornmodation is not available, armngements will hc madc to makc use of Schools already existing in the new area for the studcnts of tbc newly-arrivcd Corps. This will he a matter for arrangement within tho Army.

The buildings, training f;rcilitics, etc., ctc., of. any Corps School which may be vacated will he carefully handed over to the incoming Corps.'

( c ) The Headquarters of the Reinforcement Camp will , wcompany the Corps. When a .Division is transforred from one Corps to another the Staff of the Divisional Wing will accompany the Division.

9

Sec. 1.

5. It is not the policy to withdraw students from schools on account of active operntions., Students will IJC reckoned as included .in the pcrsorinel enumerated in Sec. XXX:, paragraph 4, of S.S. 135.--" The training and employment of Divisions " (revised cditioti).

6. Training Areas will hc provided for troops withdraw11 into reserve for long periods; for short periods of rest i t will normally only he necessary to provide troops withdrawn from the trenches with facilitics lor training on a smaller scale (Scc. G, para. 2) .

Arcas for training Cavalry, Special Brigade, R.E., and Tanks will he provided as required.

7. So fa r as t.hc supply of personnel will allow, instruc- tidnal Officers and N.C.0.s a re provided- at Convalescent Jlepots from the IIeadquartcrs, Physical nod Bayonct Train- ing, to suggest and direct recrcaLive games and exercises, and to construct material .for some of the simpler pastimes. A moderate amount of Recreational Training Kit is furnished also from the same source.

An active part in the restoration of , efficiency to the individual may be played by the. provision 01 such games and exercises, which recall pleasant associations and crcate a defiire to regain mental and physical fitness. They should be gmduat.ed, increasing in vigour to suit the stages of pro-gression. Thcir chief aim should he mental stimulation, and games which amuse as well as intcrest will be found , best suited to this end.

8. Base Training Camps for the following, British Cavalry, Indian Cavdry , R.H.A. and R.F.A., R.G.A., and

- R.E., cxist in ordcr to kcep reinforcements exerciscd while they a rc a t their respcctivc Esse Depats, and to t ra in transfers from othcr branclics or arms of the scrvice.

Similar training is also carried on at the Machine Gun Base DcpBt and Cyclist Base DepBt.

I). It is riot part of the policy to maintain Artillery Practice Camps..

Sec. I

CHAPTER 11: THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING.

4. TRATNING IN UNITS: GENEBAL PRINCIPLES. 1. Tho principles laid down in thc’Training Mnnuala of

the various arms are in no way supcrscded. Further instructions in amplification. of these Manuals,

dealing with the use of new weapons and tho application of special mcthods, are issued to all concerned from time to time.

2. A branch of the General Staffhas been established a t General Headquarters, and General Staff Oficers, Isb gradcand 2nd gradc, have bccn appointed to Armies and Corpsrespectively, additional to the Staff Establishment, for t h o specific purpose of thc supervision of training.. (Appendix X.XIV.)

3. The training of each Division must bo carried out under the personal guidance of i ts Divisional Commander, assisted, controllccl and supervised by tho Corps and the Army. Every Commander should inspire his uni t with his personalenergy and fighting spirit.

4. It cannot be emphasized too often tha t all training, at all times and in all,plaecs, must aim at the cultivation of the offeiisivc spiri t in all ranks.

5. “Sueccss i n n3ir depcnds more on moral than on physical qualitics.” [F.S.R., Pa r t I., Sect. 1 (2).1

No opportunity sliould be missed of inculcating mutual conlidenie, ‘eohcsioir, anti tho spiri t of combination. I t has frequently happened tha t Ieadors have had to lock for and find their men during Ern advance under fire. The converse should invariably prevail : thc men must acquire tho habit . of looking spontaneously to their leaders for direction, This can only he acquired by constant attention and training.

Too great stress cannot bc laid on the necessity for developing by e e r y possible mcims the morale and soldierlj spiri t of all ranks. With this object constant attention should bc paid to discipline, dress, salnting, cleanliness, and onre of billets.

6. Lectures should be giren on niatters of intc;est byolficers recently returned from Schools, by Staff.Officers and

11

i

:I Sec. 4. i

outside Lecturers when procurable. Moreover, it should' lic the special care of officers to talk to their men on the general situation, and t o explain t o them fully thcir duty in/given conditions. Examples of fine. conduct a n d bravery should be described, so as to develop mutu!sl confidcnce and esprit de corps, and to inspire new arrivals.

7. The value of denionstrations should. be fullyrecognized.

A demonstration showing thc correct and incorrect manner of carrying out almost any military cxercise (e.g.,Guard Mounting, Scouting, Patrolling, Anti-gas precautions, the Attack, etc., etc.) is the surest and quickest method of imparting instruction. For this purposc specimen Sections,

' k'laloons, Cornimnies, and even Battalions, may he advantageously employed. Cnrc should be Laken tha t the objcct of the demonstration is fully and clearly explained to all concerncd bePorc commencing, and that the audience is under control and suitablj- placed for viewing each movement.

8. Battalion, Brigade and Ilivisional cIasses should nlways he i n progress for training in the folloning as ninybe rcquircd :-

Musketry (foi. junior N.C.0.s). Lewis Gunnery. Signalling. Scouting (Obscrvation &d Sniping). Dug-out making. Uonibing and lliflc-bombing. Light Mortars.

For this purpose llattalions should maintain the followinginstructional staff :-

One Scrgennt Instructor of Musketry (trained at Hythc, Hayling Island or an Army Musketry Camp).

One Sergcant for P. and B.T. (trained 06 €lend-.quarters P. and B.T.). . Two Scrgcants for Lewis Gun instruction (traincd at

G.H.Q. Small Arms School, Lewis Guli branch). One Scrgeant for bombing a i d rifle bombing instruc-

tion (trained at a Corps liombing and Light Mortar Schoo!).

One Scrgeant for signallers (trained at an Army or : Corps S i g n d School).

12

sec. 6.

It may occa~ionally bo necessary for Battalions to add the following :A

, One Sergeant for dril l (traincd at an .Army Infant ry School)___”_.,_

One N.d.0. for Sdouting, Observation and Sniping (traincd at an Army Scouting, Observation and Sniping School). One N.C.O. for Dug-out making. .-I n every case where Battalion, Brigade or Divisional

classes a re formed, the instructional stafi for these classes will be .found, as may he required, from the instructors enumerated above. This will only bc iircrcased in cxceptional cases, for instanco, after very hcavy casualties, when special measures may be necessary. Brigade or Divisional classes, therefore, a re classes fornicd from the instructional staffs of Battalions and co-ordinated by the Brigade or the Divisi,on, the objects being t o promote efficiency and to prevent duphca- tion of training.

9. Evcry Cotrimandor should bear clearly i n mind the two following considerations :-

(i.) Individual Training should he in progress whether a unit is in or out of thc tronches. 1

Training in morale in particular and to a grcnt cxtcnt ‘ ITraining i n Skill at Arms ” can be carried on whilst

the unit is in t.he trenches. This applies not only to such offensive duties as the corrcct action of patrols, bombing parties, etc., but also to training in ordinary duties, such as sanitation, carrying, digging, anti-gas prccautions, etc. It rcsts i n thc hands of Brigade m d Regimental Commanders to see tha t the performance of all duties, is carried out in such a manner as to iirculcatc disciplineand promote efficiency.

Tactical Exercises for Staff and Rcgimcntal Officers should be carried out undcr DivisionItl nrriingcment.s.

(ii.) Collcetive Training can only be performed during periods wheu a unit is out of the trenchcs.

These periods are:- (A) Short Periods for Rest. (B) Long Pcriods for Training.

(A) Short Periods for Rest. ~

10. The training carried out in these circumstances should be more of a recuperativc naturc than anything clso.

13

//'Sec. 4. /Overtraining dcfeats its own object. It is as detrimental t o morale and eficiency as undertraining. This pridcipleapplies both to short periods for rest and to long perio'ds for training. (Appendix X X l I . (A) guiding priiiciples.):'

The points to which attcntion should be 'specially,ilirected are:-

Cleaning np Men, Equipmcnt and Transport, Steady Drill and Ceremoni;d. Laying and Fuze Setting (Artillery). 'Skill at Arms. Gas Defence.Physical Training. , .

IEoute htarching. Recreational Training (S.S. 137, revised editibn). Amuscments.

Details of a suggested progranline and the objects i t is desircd to attain w111 he found i n Appendix XXII. (U).

(B) Long Periods fo r Training. 11. Training during these periods must be carefully

divided into :-(a) Individual Training. (6) Collective Training.

12. I n ordcor tha t full usc may he made of the t.ime and ground available, programmcs, shonring the allotment of areas to units and the subdivision of the time aveilable into the two categories abovc-m,entioned, must be issued byDivisions and Brigadcs before tho troops actually arrive in their Training Areas.

This will entail previous reconnaissance on the par t of Divisional and Brigade Staffsbefore units home out of thc line.

13. Cround sclected should, whenever possible, providc tha t field firing cim be carried out with live ammuni-tion. (Sec. 15, para. 2.) Even if the space available only admits of the training at one timc of a Company or Platoon,its value should be utilised to the fullest estent.* A rangeshould always include facilities for practising the Assault (IJayouet-fighting and Musketry). (Appendix X X I L (U).)

* Crauud suitable for training pnrposes is obtained by the g.il1.G. through thc Freuoh Xission.

14

Sec. 4 . 11. Evary cndoavour will bc madc to tcach the use OR the

rifle in battlc, tha t is to say, Lhc comhined use of the bullet and t h e hayonet as opposcd to training i n hfosketry and in BayoneCfightins i n separate compartments. With this in view Musketry Instructors will bc required to be proficient in nayonct-fighting and vice versd. Refresher courses for Instructors, Officers, and N.C.0.s in tho latest methods of Musketry Truiniug and Bayonct-fighting will be held, as roquired, under arrangements made by G.H.Q.

15. The Assistant. Adjutants of Battalions will assist i n the Musketry Training of their Ilattalions, and tho Bathlion M:usketrg Sergeants will work under thcir direction. (Sec. 6, pare. 5.)

16. Are$ Commandants, assisted by Town Majors and Billet Wardens, a r e rcsponsihle for thc maintenance of bayonet-fighting courses and applianccs, trenches, ranges,musketry stores, etc., once these have been constructcd in theiE areas. ( Q . h 2/4503/11, dated 1/2/17.)

-17. The ground-work of the training should he laid down by Regimental, 'Artillcry Brigadc, and Battalion Commanders, the whole bcing under the close supcrvision of C.R.As. Brigade Oommandcrs. Special courses under qualified officers. for the tcaching of new approved methods will be organised under Divisional arrangements.

Thc training bf Army Brigades R.F.A. and of R.G.A. Urigades at rest should he directed by G.0.C.s R.A. of Armies.

18. Training must be progressive and must be carricd out on a definite programine (Appendix XXTl.) . An object which must be kept i n the forefront of all training is the fitting of men for work in the open, and the keeping of them active and in good health.

IQ. 1l.cfreshcr courses for all instructors shonld be held bcfore each particular form of training takes place. These should occupy from half an hour to an hour a day.

eo. The training of the suboldinate leaders i8 o f v i t d importance. They should be trained not meroly for tho per- iormancc of the duties of their actual rank, but also for those of.& higher grade.

Frequent .opportunities of exploiting an initial ,success have been missed owing t o junior Commanders not havingbeen trained in the principles and methods of turning any.

' 'given situation to the best advantage: 16

/

/'

sec I . 1 21. Thc fol1o;ving train of thought should be impisscd

upon all leaders by constant training until i t has bccorne a sub-conscious habit of mind :-

(i.) Advance to win; aim always at forward movement.

(6.) Reconnoitre before movement. Move bybounds.

(iii.) On the hattleficld a commander is refiponsible for the protection of his unit, whether halted or on thc move, from attack froin iLny direction, .iucluding

the air. (iv.) Combine tire and movement. (v.) Remember that a bombing attack unaccom-

panied by an attack above ground is seldom of anyvalue.

(vi.) Reinforce by envelopment of one or both Ranks, after personal reconna.issance.

(vii.) Send hack information; remember that negative information is as valuable as positive.

22. During training, every opportunity should be takcn to perfect the system in cvery unit by which orders and instructions pcrmeate down to the lowest grade. This is of tho tirst importancc, and must never be oveflooked.

23. The principle on which Signal Training will bc conducted is to train at Army and Corps Schools, Artillery Rcgimental Oficcrs, Battalion Signalling Officers and N.C.0.s of Batteries and Battalions as Instructors a n d Assistant Inetructoys. These Officers and N.C.0.s will then carry on the training of tho signallers in their units, and at Brigade and Divisional classes.

To keep u p the standard of signalling it is considered that two Oficers and.12 N.C.0.s per Battalion, four.Officers per Ficld Artillery Brigade or H.A. Group and four N.C.0.s pcr Battery should do a six-weeks' course at an Army or CorpsSignal School each year.

Careful organization and syetematic and continuous training oi the signalling personncl whilst units a r e out of the line form the only means of preventing a breakdown of communications during battle. The training of Battalion signallers will therefore he continuous, and should ordinarily he carried out in Divisional classes.

16

Sec. 4a. 4a. TRAINING IN UNITS : INDIVIDUAL TRAINING.

1. Individual Training is the keynote of eficiency. On the thoroughness with which it is carried out rests the efficiency of the whole training:

I t consists.of the t ra in ing of the individual man and the individual horse in their individual duties. It hos, however, in addition a Mider application, and thc trailling of the Section and of tho Troop or Platoon forms a necessarycomplement to Individual Training.

2. It should begin with Section-Drill without arms, Saluting, etc., etc., and gradually work u p to Rattle Training of Troops n n d PliLtoons. (i\ppcndix XXII . (U), para. 2 (c),and Appendix XXII. (l)).)

Senior Officers should cxercise a close supervision and givo every assistance to subordinates iLt this stegc of training.

3. Ks n kencia1 principle, bfficers and N.C.0.s chargedwith the duty of instruction of troops should adopt tho following method :-First, tho lesson is to be explaincd,secondly, demonstrated, and finally carried out as ari excrcise.

4. It is a n cssontial par t of training for Nar tha t the men should bc taught to e&re for thcmsclves, so as to maintain their phrsicill fitness. To this end thc nccessity for t a b n g the most scrupulous care of their clothing, equipment and accoutrements must he explaincd to thcm.

Thc importance of obedience to orders as regards arrangements of supply, prescrvntion of iron rations, water, etc., must be impressed on all rmks. The'prcvcntion of wastc must be rigorously cnforced.

5. Subordinatc Coinmandcrs will thcmselves take command, and will carry out tho attack 06 tactical points. Movement from cov.cr to covcr, the advance under fire, the comhirrntion of fire and movcmcnt, the usc of Lcwis or Hotchkiss guns, bombs and rifle-bombs, and the assault, culminating with the 0CCUp;ktiOn nnd organization of captured gi.ound for defence, should all he pvactised.

. The traiiiing of subordinate Commnndcrs in dcfcnsirc fighting so as to meet attacks both on well-organizcd defences nod on ground hostile, preparcd or iurprcpicred f o r defence,'inust also he rnaintniii.ed at a high level.

I n this. as in other forms of training, the various fiituations should be studied in which small units (Sections, Troops, and Platoons) havc been placed during the War. ( S C C . 4, para. 21.)

17

Sec. bb. Both in the case of officers and N.C.O.s, special attcntion

should be paid to the training of understudies for all positionsand nppointmcnts.

The handbooks of the various arms are the hcst guidcs CO be followed; for Infantry special reference is to be made to 8.S: 143.

13. Classes within Regiments, Battalions and Datteries a re to be inaugurated at this stage of training for signallers, runners, dug-out makers and personnel ,.in other forms of t ra in ing which cannot bc given by Troop, Platoon, and other subordinate Commanders.

4b. TEAINING IN UNITS: COLLECTIVE TRAINING. 1. I n Collective Training, Squadrons, Batteries and

Companies, Regiments. and Battdions, also Brigades, will be exercised as compleLe units. Endeavour should hc madc to exercise each Brigade at lcast twicc as a complete unit.

Attention is to be paid to steady drill and ccremonial, as well as t o manceuvre. I n the latter, i t is of the first importance tha t the various arms should co-operate as on the battlefield.

Simple tactical fichemes, both with and without troops, in which all arms (Air Service, Mounted Troops, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, Infantry and Tanks) should take part , are to be carried out. O the r s and signallers can usually be sent if at tendmce as a unit is impracticable. (F.S.R., Part I., Chapters I. and 11.) . .

2. The objcct to be attained is tha t all formations should be ahle and accustomed t o manceuvre in the field. Tho Corpsand Division can assist towards the attainment of this object by means of Tactical Exercisos for Staff and RegimentalO5cers.

Each Division should carry out during this period at least one exercise complcte as for battle. Such exercises should include sudden and surprise situations necessitating quick decision, the rapid issue of orders and prompt attion. With this objccb, an enemy, skeleton or other, should as a rule be provided. I n addition practice over model areas or trcncbes is denirablc when preparinq for a specific operation.

F.S.R. and the training manuals of the various arms, and 8.8. 135 (revised cdition), are the hest guides to be followed during Collective Training.

I8

sec. 5.

5. TRAININQ AT SCHOOLS AND CAMPS. 1. Methods of instruction at G.H.Q., Army and Corps

Schools, Nil1 be thosame a's thoso to be adopted in Individual Training, namely, explanation, demonstration, practice. (Sec. 4 4 para. 3.)

2. I n order that a suffciency of Offcer Tnstructors for Schools in.Francc may he provided nnd tho supply regulated, lists of O t h e r s qualified and suitable for tho duty will be forwarded to G.H.Q. from Armies, Cavalry Corps, .and L. of 0. at the end of each course.

3. It must hc borne in niind that n sevcre strain i s imposcd upon Instructors by their duties and that it is essential to assist thcm to maintain a high standard. This should be donc hy:- \

(i.) Safeguarding thcir interests as t o advance-ment, otc.

(ii.) Giving them opportunitjos for refreshing their minds.

(iii,) Keeping thcm in touch with the fighting troops.

As regards (i.), an instructor, whether Officer or N.C.O., mill.normally serve as such for il period of not leas than six months; he will leave a School bcfore the expiration of this pcriod only ior his own advancement or on exchange t o a n Instructional Staff at home, or in thc event of his provingunsatisfactory as an Instructor.

An Officer or N.C.O. on censing to bo employed as an Instructor mill normally rcjoin his unit. If reported on satisfactorily on tho expiration of his pcriod of duty, a n Oficer Instructor mar bc notcd for carly preference for the course of nttachment to the Staff, or promotion.

As regnrds (ii.) and (iii.), refrcsher conrscs for Instructors and visits to tho trenchcs should be held alternately after

'evcry sceoud Stodcnts' course. (Appendix I. (0)for ArmyI n f a n t r y . Schools, Appendix VTTT. (B), notes, for CorpsInfantry Schools.)

_. Instructors for the Inatructional Establishments of Armies and Corps will, as fnr as possible, bo found within the Army concerned. Should tho Army be unable to fill a vacancy from their own resources they can apply to G.H.Q.

19

Sec. 5.

The sequence of grading may he taken to be :-(i.) Commandant, A.rmy School (Colonel). ,

(ii.) Commandant, Army Musketry Camp (Licut.. Col.).

Commaiidant, Corps School (Lieut.-Col.). Chicf Instroctor, Army School (Licut.-Col.). Instructor, Scnior Olficcrs' School. Aldershot

(Lieut.-Col.).Commandant. Corps Reinforcement Canlps

(Licnt.-Col.). (iii.) Chicf Instructor, Army MuskcLry Camp

(Major).Chief Itistriictor, Corps.School (Major).AssisLatit Coinmi~ndont, Corps Reinforosmcnt

Camp (Major). (iv.) Instructor, Army or Corps School, Army

Muskctry or Corps Reinlorcement C I L I I I ~ . 5 . . A s stated i n Sec. 3, pare. 2 R ( f ) . Army bfnskctry

Camps are formed to refresh Regimental Officers aud N.C.0.s i u Lhc usc of the rifle, and for the assistance of un i t s when training. Ifpossible, one olficor and onc N.C.O. per b;rttalion shou'ld alwal-she undergoing instruction at these c;imps. Thc hcst results a re acliicved if these belong to thc same company.

Special attention v i l l he paid to thc teaching of rapid and ,efficient methods of Musketry instruction ; demonstrations in Field Practices (Appendix XXII. (D) will also he carried oat. Throughout t h o instruction emphasis will he laid on Lhe combined use of the bullet and the bayonet. (Appendix VIJYI.)

Assistant Adjutants of Battalions, who have not hccn t,hrough iLn :instructor's Course of Musketry i n England,should bo sent to a Course at these camps as soon as possible.

6. . No training of Infantry reinforccrnents will be under- t;Lkcn at the 1 3 ~ s ~ .Reinforceincnts will hc sent up without delay to their Corps Reinforccmerit Camps.

I . ( I . ) The'bulk of the reinforcements will he :-(i.) A (iv.) men from graduated Battalions. (ii.) Men who have received 14 weeks! training.

(iii.) A (iii.) returned casuals from England. (iv.) Casuals returning from hospitals and conva-

lescent dcpots in France.

Sec. 5.

All these classes will be trcated as trained men, and will be available to ioin,thcir Divisions at oncc if their units a rc not in action gr in the line.

(L) The numbcr of combed-out men at one time in B CorpsReinforcement Camp is not likely to excecd 50.

E. All reinforccmcnts will ‘be testcd and brought up to date i n anti-gas measiires within 24 hours of their arrival a t Corps Reinforcement Camps. This mill include the testing of small box respiralors. Infanlry casuals returning froln hospitals and convalcsccnt depdts in Francc will be equipped with small box respirators.

Conoorrcntly with nnti-gas training tllc A.B. 64 of each man will be checkcd and the drafts sorted and classified.

9. A11 mcn shown in their A.B. 64 to be trained or partially trained as signallers, should be scpnrated from othcr reinforcements, and units notified as to the numbers receivcd.

(i.) Traincd signallers should bo sent to their units as spccielist reinforcements on separatc nominal rolls.

(ii.) Partinlly trained signallers should, be retained until thcy em be abscrbed into Divisional or Brigade clnssos. Until they join those classes they should be kept exorcised in flag, buzzer and lamp. Sufficient equipmerit will bc allowed Corps Reinforco- ment Camps for this purpose.

10.. (i.) Rcinforccnicnts coming under 7 ( a ) above, who cannot. at once join their units, will not be testcd except .in anti-gas measures. Whilc they remain at Corps Reinforccnicnt Camps they should be keptphysically lit and exercised, and every possible ,effort made t o imbuo thorn with the fighting spirit and &rit de c o q x . The study of thc men’s comfort, the loan of bands, Divisional (‘Follies,” and recrcational train- ing, a re of grcat importance.

It is considered tha t during the winter months . four hours’ work daily is sufficient. This might be

arranged as follows:-1 hour drill. 3 hours’ use of the rifle (including.

Musketry and P . and l3.7!.).Tho rmnainder of the day should be

dcvotcd t o organized gatncs and recreation. Occasional route marches should be

carried out. 81

Sec. 5.

(ii.) Reinforceinents coming under 7 (L) should receive progressive training, for which special arrange- ments should be made; the object in view being to enable thcm to reach the standard k i d down in para. 4, Appendix 1, A.C.I. No. 1230, of November, 1917, i.e., standard of 14 weeks' training at hornc, as soon as possiblc.

Bcfore these men are sent t o their units, the statement of each man's training and qualificationswill he entered up in A.B. 64.

11. Reinforcements enumcrated in 7 ( a ) will join their units as soon as possible after completion of anti-gas tcsts, providcd :-

(U,)The unit is withdrawn from tho line for train-ing, and will have seven clear days in which t o absorb them before going into the line or into actipn.

( b ) The unit is holding a normal sector of the line, and the Corps Commander considers t ha t trained reinforcements may be absorbed.

Othcrwise reinforcements will remain at Corps Reinforce- ment Camps.

During active opcrations, reinforccmcnts will not jointhcir units until the Brigade to which they hclong is withdrawn.

12. At prescnt considerable doubt exists as t o when the pewonncl cnuniernted i n Sec. SSS.of S.S. I35 should he with- drawn froill units.

The personncl referred to should join Corps lleinforce- ment Camps whenevcr a unit is so situatcd that its trained reinforccmcnts remain at these camps. When reinforce-ments join their units the personnel not.taken into action will . accompany them.

Armies inay make special esccptions in ' the case of Corpswhose Reinforcement Camps a re situated so far back as to render this procedure inconvcnicnt, but it must be hornc in mind tha t i t is inadvisable to kecp officers and men for anylength of t ime i L t Eattalion transport lines situated in the shelled and bombed area.

Further, the personnel not takcn into action includes the training staff of the Battalion, who wil l thus automatically arrive at the Corps l~oinforccmcnt Camp when the flow of reinforcements t o the L n i t ceases. This disposes of the question of the supply of additional officcrs and N.C.0.s to tnke charge of the draf t s retained at the camp.

22 I

8Sec. 5 .

13. !Che Corps ltcinforcement Camp will consist of :-(a)A small perrnancnt establishmcnt working

directly under thc Corps, consisting of adrninistrative and instructional pcrsonnel, to which will bo attachcd personnel from the Physical and Bayonet Triiining Staff and Gas Services. -

Thc Commandant of thc Reinforcement Camp will bc in cbi~rgc of both tho training and administrativc sid,cti.

' .Hc wi l l be assistcd by the Assistmt Commandant and Adjutant and Qunrtermastcr for training and administra-tive duties rcspcctively.

The Assistant Commandant will take Lhc place of ~ h o Chief Instructor. H e will be in charge oE the Moskctvy training and assist the Commandant in training generally.

( b ) Divisional Wings, on a scalc of one wing for cach Division in tho Corps, consisting of :-

(i.)An instructional and administrative staff of . a strength proportionate to thc number of nicn of thc t Division to bc dcalt with. This. Staff will normally be found by the Division concerned. Okliccrs and N.'C.O.s so employed mag be includcd in the numbers not taken into action.

(ii.)Onc or more companics,'according to thc numbers undergoing training.

If thcrc is only one conipariy it'will bc commanded by thc Divisionid Wing Commander. A second company will n o t be formed in any wing uiiless thc number of other w n k s undcr-going instruction exceeds 200, and similarly for subsequent companies.

Wherc the strength of a second 0.r subsequent compaqy cxcceds 150 other ranks, one Captain will be allowed for cnch company; if of less than 150 other ranks it will bc commanded by a Subaltern. These Company Commanders wi l l be part of the Instructional Staff of the Divisional Wing.

Whenever possible, one officers' mcss will bc formed in each Corps Reinforc.ement Camp for all officcrs.

An Expeditionary Force Canteen should be provided. The following shops will bc formed in each Corps

Reinforcement Camp, and will be under the CampCommandant :-. Barber Shop.

Tailor Shop, Shoemaker Shop.

23

5

Sec. 6.

14. The specific ohjccts, functions, instructional cstab- lishments of the various G.H.Q., Army, Corps and CavalrySchool8 to bc maintained in France a re given in detail in the Appendices.

6. TRAINING IN AREAS. 1. I n command arcas, both of Armics and of Corps,

Training Areas will, as Ear as possible, he providcd to allow of the tactical excrcisiug:-

(a) i n Army arms, of a Division ; ( b ) in Corps areas,'of at least a 13rigade.

. 2. I n forvard arcus all billets reserved for thr. use of troops rcsting from duty in the trenches should have connected with thcm-

(a)hyonet-l ighting courses. (I,) Rangcs of at least 30 yards. ( c ) I>ombing trenchcs. (d ) Drill grounds.

' (e) Recrcation grounds. ( f ) Machine gun ranges. (9 ) Light Mortar practice grounds.

(for the responsibility of thcir maintenance when constructed BCB Sec. 4,. para. 16.)

3. During training, the utmost use should bo made by all formations and units of visual means of communication, both by da,y a n d by night: whenever possible, telephonic communication should be dispensed with and mcssagestransmjtted principally or entirely by visual. To this end i n all training arcas regular stations should bc formcd for transmitting mcssagcs by visual, thc personnel beingaccommodated in huts or tcnts. , 4. I n all training previous t o operations, the cadres of Platoons and Sections must hc trained as such and kept ready t o receive reinforcements. Amn~gamation should, howevcr, be rcsortcd t o when i t i n obvious thnt the unit will not be brought up to establishment before thc operations.

5. The training of men hefore operations in carrying water and othcr articles by means of thc Yukon pack., find the rehearsal of thc transport in t.he use of pack animals a re points to which attention should be directed.

24

APPENDICES. The establishincnts given in the following Appendices a re

as at present authorizccl.. This.pubiioation should, however, not be quoted as aut.hority in this rcspcct. W a r 13stablish-ments, I?icrt VIIA., which are amended from time to time, as nccossary, is the aothoriky.

Appendix I. ARMY 1NFANTRY SCHOOL. I

Number of Students. 150 Officevs ... .... ... Coinpany Commanders. 150 N.C.0.s... Compan).-Sergcants-1\Iajor and Sorgcants. .

Dur.ation of C'oiwse-l?ivc Weeks. ( A ) SYLLABUS FOR STUDENTS' COURSE.

1. Leade4ci.n. (a) Its meaning.(b) l low to acquire tho g i f t of. (c) OFknsive suirit... .

2. D&cipline. (a) General behaviour and conduct of officcrs. (11) l'erscnnl appearance, physical fitness, punctuality,

saluting. 3 Norale.

Its moaning and importance; rcsponsibility of Officers and N.C.0.s regarding i t ; ,piltriotism; espvit de corps;soldierly spirit i n all formattons from platoon upwards to the Army; psychology of the war.

4 C'omwznnd. Nccessity of system of conimand; bcaring of Oficers and N.C.0.s towards thcir men.

5. Organization. Rattalion, Brigade, Division-a chain of responsibility.

6. uvill. (a) Irnportitnce of, as a nieans to an end. . (b) Squad, with arms. (c) Platoon. ( d ) Company. (e) Communicating or " shouting "

drill. Habi t of Command.(nActing as Instructor and cheok- ing faults.

25

A p p i d i x I 7. D u t i e s of Co?tipn.n~/Coainianders and Officers. (a)System of billeting.( b ) March discipline. ( c ) I n the trenches. (d) I n the attack.

8. C a ~ eof Arms, e t c . Ilifles, boyoncts,

respirators, clothing, ammunition,

iron rations, eqniprncnt,

water. box

9. Sanitation. c

In trenches, billets, bivouacs, line of march.

10. nillet Life. How to care for and gct the best out of the men i n billets.

11. IJrotection. (a,) Advanced and flank guards, outposts.(6) Rounds, rcconnaissnncc.

12. Allach in 02JetL TFa?'fare.-S.S. 135 (revised edition) (a)Attack of taclical points. (b) Organimtion previous to. (c) Distribution of troolrs for. ( d ) Formation with rcgi~vdto ground. (e) Form?tion with regard to fire. (j)Close cominunication with t.roopson tho fln.nks. (gj Imporlnnce of clcaring areas or trcnches.

13. 1)efemce im OperiTVavfure. (n) Principal lines of dcfcnce. Holding tactical points. (b) Taking u p 'a defensive line. , . . ( c ) Siting of trcaches b,y day and by night. (d) Telling off and distribution of working parties.

1 4 . Altack in 2'vcnch lVavfave.-S.S. 136 (revised edition). (a,) Organization for an attack from trcnches. ( 6 ) Snpply of ainmunilion, bombs, rtrtions and water. ( c ) Assembly places. (d)' Control posts. (e) Objectives.( f ) Direction of attack. (9)Fla,nks. ' (IL) Act.ion of vaiious lines.

' (i) Action of various wavcs. ( j ) Clearing a trench or,?rea.

26

Army Znfwntry School. 15. Defeirce in Trench Warfure.

(a) Construction of trenches and improvisation. ( b ) Si.ting of trenches by day and night. ( c ) Distribution and telling off of working parties. (dj Construction of splinter-proof shelters.

' ( e ) Loopholes, siting and construction of. ( f ) Sapping, principles of. (0)Rapid wiring.( h ) Use of telescopes and periscopes. '

(i) Sniping, use of and methods to be employcd in. ( j ) Construction of minc dug-outs.

16. l'rench Ovders. ( a ) Desirability and object of. ( b ) Organization of work. (c) Allotment of hours for watch, work, meals, etc.

17. Patrol Il'ork.-S.S. 195. (a),Importance of command o€ No Man's Land; correct

action of Patrols when enemy is met with. ( b ) How to organize. ( e ) Bounds.

18. Musketry . ( a ) Rapid loading with dummies; correct bolt manipula-

tion. ( b ) Aiming. ( c ) Standard Tests in Musketry Regulations, and work

that can be done in billets. (d) How to improvise a 30 'yards' range i n vicinity of

billets. ( e ) Simple range practices on a 30 yards' rangc. How to

conduct grouping, application, rapid and snap-shooting practiccs and competitions.

(f)Descriptions of targcts. ('1) Judging distance. ( h ) Firc control. (i) Use of range findera and range charts. ( j ) Combination of fire and movement.

19. Jfllnchine awl Lewis Gsna.-S.B. 192, S.S. 197. (a ) Principles of employment of ; Tactics; the Lowis Gun

essentially an offensivc weapon. ( b ) How to fire the Lcwis Gun ; and the mechanism of.

* 27

Appendix 1. J 20. Co-oneration of all Arms. I

(U,) important-c of and method of: (1) within the: Battalion, ( 2 ) outside tho Battalion.

(b) Co-operation betwccn Staff and Regimental Officers. 21. M a p Readimu. I

(a) Simplc scales and ineaning of. ( b ) How to read a map. . ( c ) Use of compass; variation o f ; taking of angles;

convcrsion of magnetic into t rue bearings. (d) Setting a map bg conipass and by other methods.

22. In te l l i geme . ( i t , ) Serricc of security.( 6 ) Information.

, ( c ) Prisoners of War. ( d ) Their treatment and disposal. (e) Air photographs. (/) Warning a s to withholding information, i f captured.

23. C'o))LnL,L?Lic(ttioii9in Ili,ttle--dfes.soges mid I?eports.

( I , ) (c) Minutes. ( d ) Field messages, mcthods of writing. Method of

finding a person in the field and dclirering a mess;rge.

( e ) Verbal messages, limitations of. (1)Reports, how to be written. ( ! I ) Reconnaissanccs, simple form of. ( h ) Trench reports. (i) lastruction in the Forward Communicntions of a

Division in the attack. S.S. 135, 8.8. 191. 24. System of ,slcppllJ.

(U)Ammunition. (1 ) ) Supplies.

25. illedical. (a)Care of fcet; standing orders on the subject. ( 6 ) First aid and use of field dressing. (c) Evacuation of the wounded, general principles of.

26. GBEDefence. S.S. 103. ( a ) Protective appliances. (b) Lessons from recent gas shell bombardmcnts and gas

att,acks.

za

(.) Official letters, writing of. Memoranda.

ilriny In fan t ry ScIioo2, ( c ) Gas defensive organization and gas orders. ( d ) Methods of anti-gas training.

27. Aweut. ( a ) llulcs for. ( b ) Disposal of priso6crs under arrest. ' (c) Crimes and punishment on active service.

', ( d ) Field Gencral Courts-Martial. ( e ) Army (Suspension of Sentence) Act, 1915.

i28. I'h~/sicnl TrmLi~fi~v.-S.S. 185. . . (a ) Bayonct fighting.

' - ( h ) Obstacle course. $9. N i g h t Tork.

Uwonet fighting, Bombing, Lewis Gun firing, Musketry, Wiring, llevetting, and tactical cshrcises.

30. Ridin(,. All officers will bc instructed. f n simple equitation.

31. Cowpelirions. Competitions for tho best individual m d best platoon

should be held at the end of the course. 38. Si.m,i,le Tactical Ezercises-To T e u c h :-

.(m) Method of conducting. ( b ) Knowledge and correct use of ground. (c) Action of patrols. ( d ) 'Method of deiiliiig with strong points. ( e ) Correct employmcnt and. co-opcration of Infantry

weapons.(f)Writing of messnges. (q) Communication with units on flank and in rear.

(B) SYLLABUS POI1 INSTRUCTION IN EQUITATION. The time is short and lhc number of lcssons few, probably

12 in i ~ l l(some additional ones may be voluntarily undertaken on half-holidays) : the instruction, therefore, must be of the

. most clcmentary naturc. 1. Ride disciplinc-inonnting and dismounting-the

regulation paccs at the walk, t ro t and gallop, the turns, etc., etc.

2. Confidence on horscback. 3. Elementary care of horses. 4. Small jumps.

29

Appendix I. Officers parade for equitation by platoons, which should

he divided into three rides:-1. Those who can ride. 2. Those who have ridden. 3. Those who have never ridden. The three rides ahould proceed simultaneouslp under

Instructprs provided for under Note 5 to cstablisbment. . .

(C) SYLLABUS FOR INSTRUCTORS' REFRESHER COURSE.

1. Drill and habit of Command. 2. Fire Direction and Fire Control. 3. The attack-

(a)Trench to Trench I s . ~ , 143.135, s , ~ ,(1)) Open Warfare

4. Field Engineeriug, upkccp of trenches, organization of captured poiition for defence-

(a)I n Trench System. (1,) I n Open Warfare.

5. Protection ;Advance Guards-Flank G u a r d s 4 u t p o s tPosition.

6. Topography.7. Intelligencc, Observation, Aeroplane Photographs,

Scoutings. 8. .Inter-communication-Forward Communication in

Battle, S.S. 135, S.S. 191--Messages ,and Rcport. 9. Physical and 13ayonet Training.

10. Gas Ikfcucc, S.S. .10:3. 11. Interior Economy and Discipline. . 12. Quick solution schemes. This Course should be carried out under supervision of the

General Sbnff of the Army, and tuition from outside the School should he provided.

13. The Instructors' Year can be arranged as follows:- '

Weeks. Two Students' Courses and t,hen tcn days' leave 12-Eight Students' Courses as above . . . . . . . . . 18 Refrcsher Course of sevcn days after 2nd and 6th

Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Visit to Trenches 05 sevcn days after 4th tLnd 8th

Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2

52

30

ilr.mg fnfairlri School. The dates on which these ltcfresher Courses will tnke plnce

mill he notified to G.H.Q. 14 days. in advance, to enahle nrrangcincnts t o hc mnde for Instructors from Schools in Englnnd.and Rase Train ing Camps in France.to attend, when possible.

14. Frequent intcrchnngc of Instructora between Schools \ at Honic.and in France will tnke plncc.

( I ) ) 12fI e Dotnil

1 1 1 I. 1 lot f l tG.S .

1

Iterchsnge-able ,

1 1 14

1 3

3 3 3 bicyclcs

4s 13 40 1

I O 20 2 4 ciInrgcrs4 ( I )

I,,,nlrLt,,roa, 'k.,IOC. - -TOTALfeaciuiling at- 21 .81 3 hioyclaa

tachorl). 4 chargers ATTncnED - Driver,

A.S.C. -TO'L'bLSCHOOL .._ 21 3 bicycles

(iuclutling at.taohei1.) 4 ehargcrs 31

I

i I '

Il'roasport. 1. One motor car: 2. Two motor 'busses (from Briny 'Bus Section). 3. Three lorries (from Army Auxiliary M.T. Co.). i'A'otes. 1. (a) Includes a n Instructor i n h n b i n g and Lewis ;

Gunnery. ( b ) Includes 1 Corporal. ( c ) Includes I shorthand-writer. ('1) Includcs 2 N.C.0.s and 1 Storeman. (e) For Cnntccn, Smi tn ry duties, Postal work, etel

Includcs 5 N.C.0.s. ( f ) For the use of Officers on thc Instructional

Establishment. ( U ) Includcs I 11.13. Officcr, who will also perform thc

necessary I1.E. work in connection with the school buildings.

Rank and file wi l l IJCof category lowcr than '' A." 2. Student Officers will bring their batmen. Bntmcn will

. perform thc foll6winy dutics*:-l~emonstrations, L E . Con-structions, assist in Officers' Mcsscs.

3. If svailnblc, immatures t o the number of 200 will bo stationed nt Schools to assist in all the abovc duties.marked *,except Sauitary,dutics, i n which case the number of N.C.0.s and mcn for gcncral dnties wilk be reduced t o two N.C.O.8 and 20 meii. A proportion of 1 in 10 should be N . C . 0 . s .

4. The Militnry Police arrangements for the Billeting area mil l bc made by the A.P.M. of the Army; the onc Corporal and t u o men are allowed for duties in connection with the School alone.

5. For Equitation, whencvcr possible, 'a troop should be supplied from a Cavalry Division. This troop should be 30 strong, and be commandet by an Officer with Riding School experience.

6. A Rand should be provided by each Division in the Army in turn for a week at a time.

7. Command or extra duty pay has hccn sanctioned a3 follows :-Commandant, 5s. ; Chiof Instructor, Adjutant,Acting Quartermaster and Officer Assistant Instructors, 2s. each a day.

32

Appendix 11.

C.0.s' COURSES AT AN ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL. (A) OBJECTS.

1. To get. the Commanding Officers interested in the 'School, and eiiliat their sympathies and invite their sngges'.

tions t o any particular form of training most required. The system of teaching a t the School will he very carefully

demonstrated and discussed. 2. To give an opportunity f o r the General Staff of the

Army and of the Corps to hccome acquainted with Command- ing Officers and their diflicnlties and ideas, and vice yersa.

3. To assist Commanding Oflicers in any technical points in which thcy may need instruction, e.g., Operation Orders, rapid framing of orders. -

4. To promote that co-operation between all arms on the battlefield.

5 . To assist Commanding Officers by means of suggestion a n 6 discussion of the methods of tra.ining and latest met.hods of attack, etc., etc.

6. Commanding Officers, having any outstanding points or lessons learnt from recent fighting, should hand i n a short resume? of these on arrival a t the 8chool.

. 7 . A series of addresses will he delivered by Officers of the Instructional Staff of the School and others on subjects of spccial interest to Commanding Officers. These addresses will be followed by discussions, and i t is hoped by these means tha t much valuable information may he obtained from those attending the course.

8. Visits to the Corps Reinforcement Camps will, if possible, be arranged.

(B) ARRANGENENTS. 1. Arrangements for C.0.s' courses should be made by

Army Commanders. 2. Not more than two courses should, as a rule, be held

consecutively. 3. The courses should be'conduceed by selectcd infantry

brigadiers or B.G.G.S.s in turn, with a G.S.O.1 t o assist for half each course. A representative of the A.G. and Q.M.G. branch should attend and hold discussions when considered necessary.

33

Appendix 111.

ARMY SCOUTINQ, OBSERVATION AND BNIPINQ SCHOOL.

Number of Students. 20 Officers; 40 N.C.0.s.

'Duration of Course-15 Working Days

(A) BYLLABUS. (I.) Instruction is given under three heads:-

(a)Scouting. 1. The duties and training of Platoon and

Company Scouts. Usc of ground and training of sight.

2. Scouts for protection, formations, keepingdirection and touch.

3. Scouts on reconnaissance. What to observe and how to renort it .

4. Scouts and Patrols a t night, their duties and training.

( b ) Obarwation. 5. What to look for and how to look. Observa-

tion Posts. Tho use and care of telescopes and glasses. Identification. Maps and sketches. Location of points on the map. The use of Compass.Reports.

(c) sniping. 6. Snipers' duties and system of working in

trench and open warfare, in attack and defence. Siting and construction of Sniping Posts and Loop-boles. Disguiscs and decoys. Night firing. Fixed rifles. Sniperscopes.

7. Musketry. Examination of rifles and sightsfor defects ; practice in adjusting sights; grouping t e s t ; application at ranges from 30 t o 500 yards;snapshooting; judging distance and shooting at unknown ranges.

8. Care and use of telescopic sights.

34

Army Scouting School. (11.) Special instruction is given to Officers in Intelligence

duties; in how t o train Scouts and Snipers, and how to help Platoon Commanders with their Scouts; also in map reading, aeroplane photogra.phs, and reports. Other ranks receive extra training in shooting and night work.

Crawling, self-defence and Jiu-Jitzu are taught by Army Instructors. . .

(111.) The time allotted to subjects .is approximately :-Scouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 days. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 days. Sniping and, Musketry . . . . . . 6 da’ys. Examination and Recapitulation .__1 day.-

Total . . . . . . 15 days (

netnil TOtd

Chief Instructor 1 (Najor)

Assistant Iustrnctors 3 (Cspts. or Lieuts.)

N.C.O. Instmctors... 4

Coy. Q.N.6. . . . . . . 1

Pioneer . . . . . . 1

Privates . . . . . . 5

Baamon . . . . . . a

TOTAL (excluding 4 10 19 attached) -

ATTAOHED--’ 1Armourer 8.0.0. -

TOTALSonoor, 4 10 10 iinoluding attnchcdl

35

Appendix I I I . (a)One for Scouting.

One for map reading and observation. One for musketry and telescopic sighted rifles.

(b) Joiner (Woodworkcr). ( e ) 1 Storeman, 2 range wardens, 2 scouts for observation

purposes. (d) 1 Armonrer Staff .Sergeant with a knowledge of

telescopic sights. NOTES.(c)ltank and file will be of category lower than “ A.’’

(ii.) The administrative duties have been allowed for in the establishment of the Infantry School.

(iii.) Officers’ batmen will assist in Officers’ Messes. (iv.) Command or extra duty.pay at 2s. a day bas been

sanctioned for the Chief Instructor and for the Ofticer Assistmt Instructors.

Appendix IV.

ARMY ARTILLERY SCHOOL. Number of Students.

60 Officers; 60 N.C.O.8. Duration of Cowse-One Month.

(A) SYLLABUS. 1. Traditions of the Artillery. 2. Physical Training. 3. Marching and Saluting Drill.' Special attention to

discipline and turn-out. 4.' Gun Drill (including stripping and sight testing). 5. Drill Order: 6. Riding Drill. 7. Horsemastership. Minor ailments and tlicir tree&

ment. 8. March Discipline. Discipline in billets. 9. Construction of gun platforms, gun pita and dug-

outs, and use of camouflage. 10. Repository and use of tackles and cordages. 11. Care of Equipment. 12. Ammunition (including Gas and Smoke Shell). 13. Supply of ammunition. 14.' Packing of vehiclcs. 15. Organization with special reference to the Battery. 16. Interior economy and general duties. 17. Battery tactics. 18. Telcphones and laying of telephone lines. 19. Co-operation with Aircraft and Infantry. 20. Map reading and meteorology. . 21. Gunnery (including use of Gun' and Slide Rules). 22. Use of Director. 23. Ranging and observation of fire (including ranging

on line of observation). 24. Methods of laying out lines of fire. 25. Error of the day; Calibretion; Registration. 26. Shooting by means of calculations from Datum

Points. 27. Reconnaissance, with special reference to Artillery. 28. Air Photogrephs. 29. Re-section and preparation of Battery Boards.

Schemes. Discussions. Examination.

37

- -

Appendix I V . The following outside lectures should be afforded, if time

admits and if lecturers are available ;-1. Employment of Artillery. 2. Infantry Tactics. 3. Signals. 4. Trench Artillery, 5. Discipline.6. Aeroplanes. 7. Work of Survey and Sound Ranging Sectians. 8. Work of Meteorological Section. 9. A.S.C. Supplies.

10. Nedical Services. 11. Anti-Aircraft Work. 12. Gas Defence. 13. Employment of Gas' Shell. 14. General Staff (C.S. Officcr). 15. Administration (" A " Staff Officer) 16. Care of Equipment (I.O.M.).

I (R) ESTABLISHMENT. SlSCts Bank RidingK O 6 1 and ondISgts. File Horses

Commandant 1 1 1(Lt..COl.) . .Aajt. and Quarter- i 1 1

master (Captain or Subaltern)

Battery Sgt ..Major... 1 1 Bsttcry Q.M.S. ... 1 Clerks . . . . . . . . . 2 B. men Cooks . . . . . . . . . 4do. (i.)General Duties ... IS do. (iL)Batmen . . . . . . 2 do.

2 1 2 ATTACHED-O5cer Instructom

(Major or Captain) (c)

N.C.O. InStruCtOrs ... (d )Batmen . . . . . . (e)Medical Omcor ... 1 orderly, R.A.N.C. ... - -

TOTAL 1 12 2 (including attached) l 3 -. -38

Army Astillcry School.

iiOTE.-(i.) Add one Cook for each additional 50 all ranks. (ii.) Add 5 rank and file for each additional 50 all

ranks. (a)Includes one Lance Corporal. ( b ) Includes one Corpord, one Lance Corporal. ( c ) One O5cer Instructor to every 30 all ranks under

instruction. (d ) One N.C.O. Instructor to 'every 15 all ranks under

instruction. (e) One for each Officer Instructor. Command or extra duty pny bas been sanctioned as

follows:-Commandant ... ... 5 s . a d a y . Adjutant and Quartermaster . ._ 3s. or 2s. n day. Officer Instructors ... ' ... 2s. a day.

N.C.0.s employed as Instructors at Army Artillery and Trench Mortar Solrools within the establishments laid down in O.B. 941, dated 11/10/16, and O.B. 1810, dated 11/10/16, will be struck off the strength of their Units and replaced in accordance with G.R.O. 1818, except that:-

N.O.O.8 of the rank of Corporal and under will be retained surplus to establishment on the promotion rolls of their Units, and iE recomrncnded will be eligible for pro.motion in their turn. (30/Artillcry/5636 (A.G. l).) Warrant i%icers, Class II . , will not he employed as

attachcd Instructors on the .above Establishment.

39

Appendix V.

ARMP TRENCH MORTAR (HEAVY AND MEDIUM) SCHOOL.

Number of Students. 8 Officers; 100 Other Ranks. Reinforcements as required.

.Drn.ntion of Course-Two Weeks.

(A) SYLLABUS. 1. Equipment and care of. 2. Ammunition and care of. 3. Gun drill; Setting-up drill. , 4. Principles of ranging and methods of observation;

passing orders. . 5. Construction ot emplacements; use of ground. ' 6. Movement .over rough ground and coming into action

under differcnt conditions. 7. Ammunition supply. 8.. Principles of tactiea1~h;tndling. 9. Firing. Special attention t o be paid t o general turn-out and

disciplinc.

40

Army Trench Mortar School

MENT.

Tbtal

Commaudant 1(Lt.-Col.or Major)

Ad't and Qr.-Mr. 1(Capt. or Sublth.)

Bty. Sergt ..Major... 1

Bty. Q.X.S. ... 1

Cleiks ... ... 2

Nagaoinc ana Gun 2Park

R.E. Duties ... 2

Cooks ... ... 4

Goners1 Duties ... 17

Batmen ... ... 2

2 33 ATTACEED-

omccr Instructors (Najors or Capts.)

N.C.O. Instructors (f)(Sgts.orlowerrank)

Batmen _ _ _ '... (g)

Medical Omcer ... 1 1

Orderly H.A.N.C .... 1 ~ ~~~

TOTAL (inclutliug a 2I 35attached) -

(.)

41

Appendix V. Nom.-(i.) Add 1 Cook for each additibnal 50 all ranks.

(ii.) Add 5 rank and file for each additional 50 all . ranks.

(a)To be found from men of category lowcr than “ A.” ( b ) Sergcant. (c) Includes 1 Lance Corporal. (d) Includes 1Corporal and 1Lance Oorporal. ( e ) . ] Officer Instructor to every 35 all ranks under

instruction. (f)1 N.C.O. Iostructor t o evcry. 20 a11 ranks under

inatruction. (9)1 for each Officer Instructor. Command pay a t 3s. a day has been sanctioned for the

Commandant; and extra duty pay for Adjutant and Quarter- master a t 3s. or 2s. a day. AdditionaJ pay for Officer Instructors at 2s. a day was sanctioned by War Office letter 42/MiscelIancous/200 (S.D.3.b.) of June 20th, 1916.

N.C.O.8 employed as Instructors at Army Artillery and Trench Mortar Schools within the establishments laid down in O.B./944, dated 11/10/16, and O.B./1810,dated Il/ lO/lG, will be struck off the strength of their Units and replaced in accordancc with G.R.O. 1818, except that:-

N.C.0.s of the rank of Corporal and under will he retained surplus t o eatahlishment on the promotion rolla of their Units, and if recornrneoded will be eligible for promotion in their turn. (30/Artillerg/5636. (A.G.l.).) Warrant Officers, Class II., will n o t be employed a:

attached Instructors on the above Establishment.

. Appendix VI. ARMY SIGNAL SCHOOL.

Number of Studcnts. A.F.A. :6 Officers; 20 Other Ifanks.

In fan t ry : 14 Officers; 115 Othcr Ranks. . Signal Service: IO* Officers; 45‘ Other Ranks.

DurnCmorr of Cowrse-Six Weeks. (A) SYLLABUS “ A . ” ’ ’

(fop Regimental Signallers.) . 1. (2 weeks) Visual Signalling.

Reading and sending* with small flag, Lucas lamp, and foldina shutter. - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~

. Subjccts dealt with in-T.M.S., 1917, with special refercnce to Chanters VI. and VII .

Lectures on S.S. 191, ‘~,Inter-comniunirationi n the Field,” a d organization of vijual communication.

Map rcading and use of compass. Five minute lectures by Students. Reading and sending t with D3 telephone a n d . Fullcr-

phone. 2. (2 weeks) Tclephony, etc.

Lectures on Elcmeiitary Electricity and theory O F Telephones.

Practical Instruction and lecturcs on Fullerphone, D3 telephone, trench tclcphone and buzzer and magneto s-itch -units.

Laying, jointing, basting and localising faults in over-ground cables.

Wiring offices : organizalion of a smnll signal office, office routine and method of dealing with messages.

Practical instruction and lecturcs on messagc carrying lockets and in care and handling of pigcons.

Lectures on S.S. 191, ‘‘ Intcr-communication in tho Fiold,” and organization of runners.

Five minute lcctures by students. 3. (1 mcck) Forward. Wirelcss Sets. 4. (1 week) Combined Signal Schemes.

* Or eOUivRlOnt ~ ~ m b c mst shorter conmes. ’ . t The time allokloll to y r u l i v . in reaain~nnd eoudin~ns distinct from tile transmiasioq,of rnessase~duriug schemes shoold be tho mi;lirnum ~ C C C S S ~ ~for “refreahhe and wming the Ixescrihei teetJ for Instrimtors’ and AssIst&ut InstrUCtOIS’ Certilie,rtcS.

43

__

Appendix V I . . SYLLABUS ‘‘ R.”

(For the Signal S o v i c e . ) Thc same as Syllabua ‘‘ A,” with tho followin’g changes :-

1. Duration, 1week. 2. Duration, 1week. Instruction w i l l be given i n testing and

localising faults in buried cables as well as In overgroundcables.

3. Duration, 3 weeks. Trench and Forward Wireless Sets.

(B) ESTABLISHMENT.

Detail

-~ Commandant (Xajor) Instructors (Captains) Csptains or Subltus. Company S.N. ... Company Q.N.S. ... 1 Asst. Instructors 10

(Sergts.) --TOTAL(EXClUdhg 11

attached) ATTACRE* General Duties. ... 13 Clerk ... ... 1 Batmen ... ... 3

TOTAL(includingattached) 11 17-

(a ) Category “ B ” men. (Includes one Lance-Corporal.) (b ) 2 Orderlies, 2 Storemen,. 4 Cooks for N.C.O.’s and

men’s messes (1 to every 30 Sergcants and Rank and File on the Establishment and under instruction), 2 Cooks for Ot€iccrs’.Mess, 3 Sanitary Duties.

44

Appendix VII.

ARMY ANTI-GAS SCHOOL. Average' Number of Students. 30-40Officers and N.0.0.s.

Dwation of Cowse-One Week.

(A) SYLLABUS. 1. History of Gas Warfare. 2. Breathing and Gas Poisoning. 3. Individual Protective Appliances. 4. Gas alarms and other Anti-gas Appliances, 5 . Protection of Dus-outs and Collars. 6. Recent Gas Shell Bombardments and Cloud Qaa

Attacks. 7. Gas Defensive Organization and Gas Orders. 8. Methods of Anti-gas Training. Two-thirds of the time is allotted t o Practical Work and

Drill. -ICRVICES AT ARMY 1s. --

-Chemical Adviser 1 1

(Major, R.E.)Asst. Chemical Adviser 1 1

(Lieutenant, R.E.)Clerk ... ... ... 1Stan-Sergeant _., ... . 1 1.Sergeants ... ... 1 1Corporals ... ... 4 4Orderlies ... ... 2 2Batmen ... ... 2 2Driver (A.S.C., ii.'T.) _.. 1 1

TOTAL ... 1 2 218 --14

Appendix VIII.

ARMY MUSKETRY OAMP. Number of Students.

150 Officers; 160 Platoon Sergeants Duration of Course-17 working days

(A) SYLLABUS. (To, include Recreational and Bayonet Training.)

A detailed syllabus of training in the use of 'the rifle will be drawn up according t o local conditions, but the following general principles will be observed :-

1 . . Instructors must recognise that it is necessary to revise the existing methods and spirit of elementarymusketry training, insomuch a s the recruit system " is unsuitable for semi-trained soldiers.

2. I n war conditions time is an: important factor, and Musketry appliances a re scarce. Therefore Instructors mill constantly eliminate non-essentials and also devise methods of improvising simple appliances so tha t Musketry training will not suffer in back areas.

3. Intensive training methods will be taught with a view ' to assisting units to carry out Musketry training when out of

the lino for short periods. (See also Appendix XXI. (C).) 4. All training should be Collective (by Scctions) rather

than Individual. The advantages. ofCollecLive instruction a re tha t it :-

' 1. Tightens discipline-Commands given. 2. Saves t i m c N o detail given except when

necessary for backward men. 3. Inculcates the fighting spirit.

5. To inculcate the fighting spirit, all training devices such a s dummy figures or targets should be regarded as R real enemy. Collapsible targets sboidd be used whenever possible. Bayonct and bullet training must ha taught as one subject, and the bayonet will invariably b e fixcd duringinstruction

46

. Ann!/ Musketru Camp.

6. I n training, Platoon and Section Commanders every effort will be made t o develop tho powcr of Command. I n training men, the Instructor will always strivc t o producemen who :-

(a)Realise that the rifle is their first and las t weapon.

( b ) Will implicitly obey all orders for firing. ( c ) When control is no longer possible, have the

initiative to shoot , i n d kill an enemy who exposeshimself within close range.

(B) .ESTABLISHMENT.

Datail

Commandant (Lt.-col.) _.. Chief Instriiotor (Major) ... Ad$ and QnR.rtermastec... MeAioal OfRcer ... ~nstr l lc to~s(omcCiSj ... Cnulp Sergcnut-i\la]gr ... Camp Q.N.S. . . . . . . Assistant Iustrs,.'(N.O.O.s)Clcrl's . . . . . . . . . Cook8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13utcher :.. ,., .._ Groom . . . . . . . . . . &E. Duties . . . . . . . . . Qorcrtermaster's Stores _.. N.O. 's Or~llerly . . . . . . Batueu . . . . . . . . . GeneralDnties . . . . . .

(a)5 Captains and 5 Lieutenants: ( b ) Or bicycle. ( c ) For rango duties, fatigues, sanitary duties,. postal

duties, police, etc. Includes 2 corporals. ( d ) For orderlies. Rank and file will be men of category lower than '' A."

41

I 0

Appendix IX,

CORPS INFANTRY SCROOL. Number of Students.

80 Officers ... ... Platoon Commanders. 80 N.C.0.s _._ ... Platoon Sergeants and under.

DuTation of Cowrse-Five weeks. (A) SYLLABUS.

1. (a ) Learlmship.--Its meaning and how t o acquire the giftof it.

( b ) Discipline.-General behaviour and conduct of Officers. Turn-out, physical fitness, punctuality, saluting.

(c) Morale.-Its meaning and importance. Responsibility of O5cers and N.C.0.s regarding i t . Patriotism, esprit de corps, psychology ofi the war.

( d ) Powe? of Command.-Necessity of system of command. Bearing of Officers and N.C.0.s towards their men.

( e ) Or(/arrizatiorr.-BattaIion, Brigade, Division-a chain of responsibility.

(f) Duties of Platoon Comrnandcrs.-In billets, on the line of march, in the trenches, in the attack. S.S. 143.

I.Drill. Importance of Squad and Platoon Drill. Communicating

driM. 3. The Attack. S.S.135 (rcviscd edition), S.S. 143. 4. Organization of Fositions f o p Defence. S.S. 202.

Action t o meet a n attack on. a hastily prepared position and on unprepared ground; taking up a defensive line; siting of trenches by day and night; telling off and distribution of working parties; construction of trenches; revetting; wiring; siting and construction of loop-holes; rapid use of entrenching took3; importance of patrol work. 5 . Xusketry .

Care of arms; rapid loading with dummies; aiming;firing-positions generally; conduct of simple range practice8 on a 30 yards range; range discipline; fire discipline and fire control; desciiption of targets ; judging distances; landscape targets ; combination of fire and movement; revolver shooting.

I ' 48

C o i y ~Infantru School

6. Lewis Gum. S.S. 197. Principles and employnient of, and how to fire Lewis Guns. . .

7. Co-operation of different arms. Within the Battalion (rille, bayonet, bombs, rifle-bombs,

Lewis Guns); outside the Battalion (machine guns, light mortars, trench mortars, art.illery, aircraft). 8. Map reading and study of ground.

Simple scales and meaning of; how to read a map; use of compass (variation of,.taking of angles) ;co-ordinates; setting a map by compass and other methods; simple sketching; a i r photographs. 9. Uessages and Reports.

Field messages, methods of writ ing; verbal mcssages,limitations of; reports, how to be written; reconnaissances, simple form of. Inter-cpmmunication i ~ itho Field. (S.S. 191.) 10. System of Supply.

Ammunition,Supplies, Quartermaster's duties. 11. Sanitation and Medical.

In trenches, billets, bivouacs, line of march; care of feet; first a id and use of field dressings; general principles of evacuation of wounded. 1% Gas defence. S.S. 193.

Care and inspcction of anti-gas appliances; methods of anti-gas t ra ining; lessons from reccnt cnemy attacks. 13. Phvsical Tri ining.

Recreational training. S.S. 137 (rcvised edition).Bayonet fighting; obstacle course. (S.S. 186.) 14. Military Law.

Rules for arrest ; telling OH and disposal of prisoners;crimes and punishments on active service.

15. Rainy (u'heie homes are available). This should be treated rather as a rccrcation than as E

par t of the course, and should not be counted in the worklng hours at the expense Of more important subjocts. 16. Tactical Schemes.

Simple schemes to teach young Officers and N.C.0.s the tactical use of ground, handling of troops, and the arrival instinctively at a quick decision when faced with a n unfore-seen situation, both in attack and defence; discussions as to the exact fire orders to be issued, and the conveyance of these orders to the men; simple orders to subordinates,; simple reports to superiors.

49 .

' /1 /

Appendix IX. . In addition to the above, there may bc lectures on special

subjects by outside lecturers, as arranged by Corps. (B: r.

I&nkDeteil. ana Total

File

CauLmandalsnt (Lt..COl.) 1Chief Instructor (Major) 1.kljntant (Capt or 1

Licut.)Quartermaster . . . . . . 1Medical Ofliocr nnd 1(4 2Orderly

Asst. Instructom fur 5Otucers (Captn.)

Asst. lnstructors lor 3N.C.0.s (Snbslterns)

Coy. Sergt.-nlajor __. 1 Coy. Quartermaster- 1 1

Se@.Asst. Instructors 7 7

(N.C.0.s)Physical ana Bnyouct 3 11 IO al lotted

Fighting1llvtructorll Sergeant Cook . . . . . . 1 Orclcrly Room Serge+ 1 Military Police . . . . . . Clerks . . . . . . . . . Telephone Operators ... Quartermaster's Stores Cyclist Oracrlics _.. bicyclesNesses . . . . . . . . . R.E.Duties . . . . . . Gcneral Duties. . . . . . Batmen . . . . . . . . . Groom . . . . . . . . . . :hargcrs

i- k! __ . TOTAL(excluding 121 3 bicycles

attadlea) a chargersATTACHED-Drivers, 3 2 L . D .A.S.C. horses

4 H.D. --__ liornes

TOTAL SCHOOL .._(includingattachod)

horses 50

Corps I n f a n t r y School.

Transport . 2 G.S. Wagons. 1 G.S. Limbered Wagon

Not@. 1. ( a ) Attached from Field Ambulance, acts as batman

t o WO. ( b ) Includes 1.Corporal.

‘ ( c ) Includes 1 N.C.O. and 1 Storeman. (d ) For canteen, sanitary duties, p,ostal work, etc.;

mclndes 3 N.C.0.s. (e) For the’ use’ of o5cers on the Instructional

Establishment. ( f ) Includes 1 R.E. O5cer, who rvil! also perform the

ncccssary R.E. work in connection with tbc school buildings.

Rank and filc will be meu of catesory lower t h m ‘‘ A..” 2. Use Will b e made of troops resting in the Corps Area

for demonstrations and R.E. constructions. Servants of Student O5cers will assist in O5cers’ Messes, and, in addi- tion, when there are no troops resting in the area who can be made available, will be used for purposes of demonstrations and R.E. constructions.

The Military Police arrangements for the billeting .area will be made by the A.P.M. of the Corps; the 1 Corporal and 9 men are allowed for duties i n connection with the School alone. .

For Equitation, 26 horses with a due proportion of groomsshould be provided, eithcr from the Corps Cavalry Regiment or, whencver possible, from Infantry Battalions.

The Corps Cavalry Regimcnt. should provide an officer with riding school experience; if possible.

3, Refresher Courses and visits t o the trenches for Instructors at Corps’ Schools . W i l l take place on a similar alternating system t o tha t for Instructors at Army Schools (Appendix I . (C) ). Instructors will be granted 10 days’leave af tcr 3 consecutive Courses.

.4 . Command or extra duty pay has been sanctioned as follows :--Commandant as., Chief Instructor, Adjutant,Acting Quartermaster, and Assistant Instructors for Officers 2s. each a day.

51

Appendix X.

CORPS BOMBING AND LIGHT MORTAR SCHOOL.

Number of Students. B o m b i n g 4 Officers; 72 Other Ranks

Light M o r t a r s 4 O5cers; 15 Other Ranks. Reinforcements for Light Mortar Batteries a s required.

Duration of Course-15 Working Days..

(A) SYLLABUS.

1. Description and use of all kinds of bombs, flares, Very lights, and light signals, including enemy bombs.

2. Description and use of all.kinds of rifle bombs, inolud- ing enemy bombs.

3. Organization and tactics of Bombers and Rifle-Bombing Sectors in the attack and defence, in conjunction with other weapons. S.S. 182, Part TI.

4. Light Mortars. Equipment; ammunition, care of;gundrill; ranging and methods of observation; passing orders; usc of ground in the attack, and coming into action in varying circumstances; construction of emplacements; .organization and distribution of fire in the defence; ammunitidn supply; firing.

. 5. Tactics of Light Mortar in the attack, and defence ir conjunction with other weapons.

8. Experimental work and application of new methods.

7. Uniformity of doctrine and tactics. 8. Turn-out and discipline.

9. Setting-up drill. 10. Organization and Interior Economy of a Lighi

Mortar Battery.

59.

________

Chief Instructor 1 1 (Captain)

Instructors (offlcers) 2 (Born bind 4 2 (Tren oh Nort ar)

Coy. Sergeant-Najor 1 1

Instructors(N.C.0.s)

Privates ... ... G Bomb ing) 2 (Trench Mort a=

8 (a)

8

8

Batmen .._ ... 5 (b) 5

TOTALSCHOOL. ... 5 1 8 13 21

Appendix XI.

CORPS LEWIS GUN SCHOOL: Number of Students.

6 Oficera; 72 N.C.0.s. Drcration.of Coul.s+16 Working Days

(A) SYLLABUS. 1. Thc mechanism and characteristics of the Lewis Gun,

including stripping, stoppages, and the use of various dcscriptions of mountings.*

2. Training and drill of Lcwis Gunners, allocation of duties in R. Levis Gun Section and organization of Lewis Guns in a Company and a Battalion. Attention should he paid to range discipline.

3. Tactics of Lewis Guns in- (a)The Attack. ( b ) Tho Defence.

, 4. Tactics of the other arms ' and how Lewis Guns co-opcrate with them, including the use of ground, the use of scouts, all dcscriptions of offensive and defensivc action. To be exemplified by tactical schemes worked out on the ground.

5 . Map reading, including the figing of co-ordinates and field sketching.

6. Classes i n Anti-nircraft Gunnery will also be held as required.

-

Corps Lewis G7.m School.

(B) ESTABLISHMEN

Zk1Dotiiil Total Vi10

Chief Instructor (Captain) 1 1

Asst. Instructors (Subalterns)

2 22

Asst. I i~s tn lc tor~(N.C.0.R) 'J 99

Coy. Qnartennaster Sergt. I 11

Privatcs . . . . . . . . . 7 ia)7 ia) 77

Batweb . . . . . . . . .

TOTAL (excluding attacbcd) R 10 IATTACHED- lo 23 Arruourer . . . . . ...

I 'TOTAL SCHOOL

(including stt.schet1)

)r firing, 4 for stripping. (a) 1 Storoman, 6 range duties.

Nates. (i.) Administrative duties have been allowed for 'in tho

establishment of the Corps Infan t ry School. (ii.) Officers' Batmen Til4 assist in the Officers' Messes. '

(iii.) Command or extra duty pay has been sanctioned for the Chief Instructor and Officer Assistant Instructors a t 2s. a day.

55

-

Appendi.x XII.

CORl'S SIGNAL SCHOOL. Number of Students:-

Divisional Artillery-4 Officers; 16 Other Ranks. I n f a n t r y 4 Officers; 40 Other Ranks.

H.A.-3 Officers; 10 Other Ranks. Signal Service-lo* Other Ranks. Dwation of Coz~rse--6Weeks.

(A) SYLLABUS. Syllabus " A " and Syllabus " B ' I as for Army Signal Schools (Appendix VI.).

.

Corps Signal School.

(B) EST1 LISHMENT II

Cornmanad (Captain)Asst. InHtruCtOr8 ...

1

Coy. Q.M.S. Sergeants

. . . . . . .. ...-TOTAL(cxcluding

attached) 1 5

ATTACABD-(~)General Duties ... 8 Clerk . . . . . . . . . 1 Batman . . . . . . . . . - .-

1 -

TOTAL (inC1"dm ' attached) 1 5 10 16 j 10 j

. . . -~ ( b ) 1 Orderly, 1 Storcman, 2 Cooks (for N.C.0.s' and

men's messes), 2 Cooks (for Officers' messes), 2 SanitaryDuties.

NOTE.-^ Instructore (Captains or Subalterns) and. 2 additional Sergeant Instructors are drawn from units within the Corps and are relieved at frequent intervals.

57

Appendix XIII.

CORPS ANTI-GAS SCHOOL. .Average number of students.

100 Officers and N.C.0.s. Duration of C’ourse-One week

(A) SYLLABUS. As for Army Anti-Gas School. (Appendix VII.)

(B)ESTABLISHMENT OF GAS SERVICES. AT CORPS HEADQUARTERS.

Coy.Q X . 6 . ... ... Sergeants __. ... Batmen ... ... 2

Drivcr,A.S.C., M.T. ._. 1 -

TOTAL 3-I n addition, each Division mill detreh one gas N.C.O.

from the establishment at Divisional Headquarters for duty at the Corps Anti-Gas School, and Divisional Gas Officers will assist by giving lectures.

1

Appendix XIV. CAVALRY CORPS EQUITATION SCHOOL.

(70 Oficcrs, 200 Other Ranks.) ESTABLISHMENT.

e Detail .

~

I

Commandant (Lt.-Col. or Major (a)

Adjutant ( a ) ...

R.S.N. (b)

Q.1f.S. (b) ... Clerk

SISergt. Farrier (a)

Shoeing Smiths (a)

Saddler (a) ... Saddletree Maker (a)

Cooks (c) ( (2) ... Oenerai Duties ( d )

...

... 1

,'..I 5

... 1

1

...

TOTAL ... ... -(a) Provided from Cavalry Corps resources. (b) Provided from Base DepGt, available from dis-

banded Yeomanry Itegiments, and to be made available by the school as Cavalry Reinforcements, i f required.

(c) Includes 1 Indian. (d ) B. personnel.

Nom-Thc Commandant will receive command pay at 35. a day; the Adjutant will receive extra duty pay a t 2s. a day.

69

Appendix XV.

CAVALRY DIVISIONAL SCHOOL. SYLLABUS.

1. The ar t of ComTikand. ( a ) I t s meaning. ( b ) How t o acquire it. ( c ) System to ensure continuity. (d ) Issue of orders, written and verbal.

2.Discipline and dlorale. (a ) Their meaning and importance. ( b ) Responsibility of Officers. (c) EspTit ,de Corps, i ts wider as well as regimental

meaning, (d) Tarn out and smartness.

3. Organization o f a Squadron. (a) I t s composition. ( b ) Training of pcrsonnel in special duties. ( c ) Detail of all ranks t o spe$fio duties in billets and in

the field. (d) Living and working as well as fighting by units.

4. Life in Billets. How t o care for men and horses, and get the best out of

both. 5. Drill.

(a)The object and value of drill. ( b ) I t s importance t o obtain cohesion, and as a means of

discipline. ( c ) .A means of practising various formations required in

the field, thus gaining elasticity 6. Tactics.

(A) Protection. ( a ) A t tbe halt.

. 1. Protection of billets. 2. Outposts.

( 6 ) On the move. 1. Advanced guards. 2. Rearguards.3. Flankguards.

60

* Cawdrg Diwision.al School.

(B) Recownaissance. 1. Employment of Scouts. -. 2. Reconnoitring patrols; when t o cmploy Oacers. 3. Reconnoitring detachments. 4. Reconnaissance in conjunction'with aircraft. 5. Transmission,of information. 6. Messages and reports.

(c) Co-operation. 1. Co-opcration impossible without constant flow of

information upwards, downwards, and Iatcrally. 2. Responsibility for inter-communication. 3. With artillery and machine guns.

(n) Offensive Action. 1. Combination of fire and movement; full use of

mobility. 2. Uses of, and opportunitie's for shock action. 3. Characteristics of Cavalrpfiro action. 4. Establishing, and extending, a bridge head. 5 . Exploitation of success. 6. Wood fighting.

( E ) Defensive Action. 1. Seizing and holding a position. 2. Use of mobility in active defence. .

(P) Bnployment of Machine and Hodchkiss Guns in-1. Attack. 2. Defence.

(Q) Fire Control. 1. Description of tdrgets. 2. Judging distance. . 3. Fire orders. 4. Supply of ammunition.

7. M a p reading. Uses of compass, and problems on the. map.

8. R.IT.A . 1. Powers and limitations of the 13-nounder 2. Full use to be made of their support.

61

-Appendix SV. 9. R.E. -

( a ) Demolitions, including the destruction of enemy guns. ( b ) Crossing of trench aystem, canals and small rivers. ( c ) Defence of locality when time is-

1. Limited. 2. Unlimited.

10. Supplies. (a)Ammunition.

' . ( a ) Supplies. 1 1 . Medical.

(a ) First aid. (b ) Evacuation of wounded. . (c) Preservation of health in thc field. (d ) Precautions against gas.

12. Vetcrinapy. (a)Care of horses in billets, bivouacs, and on the march. ( 6 ) Treatment of nlinor ailments. (c) Shoeing, including special shoeing.

13. ATreak. (a)Rules ior arrest. ( b ) .Disposal of prisoners under arrest. . ( c ) Crimes and punishments on Active Service. . ( r l ) Field General Courts-Martial. ( e ) Army (Suspension of Sentences) Act, 1916.

14. Intelligence. (a)Dealing with inhabitants. (a) Disposal of Prisoners of War.

PEnsoNnm & 2 r,

1

Dotnil 1 I pq+3i Q s * g K$0 11110

Commandnut (Lt-Col. or Major) (a) . . . . . . .:. 1 1

Adjutant (a). . . . . . . . . 1 1 Clerk . . . . . . .:. ... 1 1 Coolrs (a) . . . . . . . . . 5 5 General duties (b) . . . . . . . 4 4

TOTAL. . . . . . 2 1 9 12

Commaudaut (Lt.-Col. or Major) (a) . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

Adjutant (n) . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Squadrou Scrgt-Major (b). . . . 1 . 1 Squadron Qr.-Nr. Sergt. (a) 1 1 Clerk . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Cooks (c ) . . . . . . . . . 7 I General duties . . . . . . ____--- I

l(<l) 4 (4 5

TOTAL... .:. 2 . 1 1 2 1117

Appendix XVI.

G.B.Q. SMALL ARMS SCHOOL. (A) MACHINE GUN BRANCH.

Number of Students. 77 Oficers; 260 N.C.0.s.

Iluration of Course-23 Working D a w

SYLLABUS FOR OFFICERS. ( a ) Esprit d8 'Corps>discipline and the offensive spir i t in

Machine Gunnery. (b) The general study of Machine ,Gunnery, including its

tadtical aspects, and thc place occupied b? thc Machinc Gun in modern \v.zr. S.S. 182, P a r t 1.

(c) The theoretical considerations regarding Machine Gun fire, and the various rnet.hods of applyin3 that fire. S.S. 192, P a r t 11.

( d ) Instruction in maps and in the instruments and appliances used in Machine Gunnery. .

(e) Practical training in how to apply Machine Gun fire, whether direct or indirect, to meet all tactical situations.

( f ) Machinc Gunner's mathcmatics. (g) Tho working oiit of fire problcms from trcnch maps. ( h ) Revolver shooting. (i) (i.) 'Gun drill.

(ii.) Barrage drill. (7) Training of Machine Gun Companies. (7;) Reconnaissance and reports. ( I ) Organization and administration of .Machine Gun

Companies. (m)Night firing. (n)Use of a i r photographs. ( 0 ) Fit t ing of pack-saddlery and the packing of limbered

wagons. ( p ) Lectures and demonstrations on the use of Mnchine

Guns in:- (i.7 Warfare of highly organized defences..

(ii.) Warfare of .improvised defences. , (iii.) Open warfare.

64

G.1I.Q. ~SmollAvms School

(y) Outdoor tactic;J exercises, bringing out Infan t rytactics and the employmcnt of Machine Outis in co-operation with .Infantry Battalions i ~ n d with other arms in:-

(i:) Advanccd and rear guards. (ii.) Attack and defence of villages and other

defended localities. (iii.) Attack and dcfcnce in open and semi-open

VJarfarc. (T) Machine Gun communications in battle ( 8 ) The co-operation of all arms. ( t ) Organization of groups and '' batterics " of Machine

Guns for barrage work.

SYLLABUS FOR N.C.0.s. The syllabus for N.C.0.s includes most of the above

subjects in a slightly less advanccd form. Particular atten- tivu is paid to uali work. .

In addition, inatruulion is given in tbc followingsubjcctu :-

(a) Char?cteristics of the Xachine Gun. ( 1 1 ) Cnre and cleaning. (c) Points before, during and after firing. ( d ) Stoppages and immediate. action. (e) Belt-filling. ( f ) Indication and rccognition of targets. (cl) Fire orders. (h.) Proparation of range cards. Use c ground, an

cover. (i) Night marching by compass. ( i ) Physical traininE. ... . I

(k) The tactical exercises for N.C.0.s include Infantry tactics, the actual selection of gun positions, and exercises in bringing the guns into action in support of InfantryBatt.J1'ions.

(B) LEWIS GUN BRANCH. Number of Students. ' .

160 Officers; 350 N.C.0.s. nuration of Got~rses-7 and 15 Working days.

I.' A " COURSE.--LIO Company Commanders: 7 WorkingDays.

65

A p p l d i x X V I . / OBJECTS.

(i .) To make the Company Commander realise tho importance of the Lewis Gun, as a man-killer.

(ii.) To shorn him how the posscssion of four LenG G u m affccts the tactical handling of his company.

(iii.) To help him to organize the training of his Lewis Gunners.

SYLLABUS. (a) Leetzrres. .S.S. 197.

Tactical lectures are given, emphasizing :-( i . ) The offensiGe rBle of the Lewis G u n , both in

the trcnch-to.trench attack and in opcn and scmi-opcn warfare.

(ii.) The value of close co-operation between the Le& Gun and the other platoon weapons.

(iii.) The value of thc Lewis G u n in dcfcncc. Othcr lcctures are given dealing with the training and

organization of Lewis Gun secti,ons. ( b ) Tactical E'zexiscs.

!rhe r61e oi the Lewis Gun as a platoon weapon in open warfare.

The value of its fire to covcr all movement when in close touch with the enemy.

Sit ing of guns t o maintain ground already won. Day and night outpost work.

(c) Demonstrations. (i.) A Lewis Gun section moving to a position on the

flank of its platoon. Use of ground and cover, work of scouts, liaison and

observation of fire. (ii.) A platoon attacking u.nder cover of the fire of its

.,Lewis Gun. Value of the Lewis Gun in neutralizing the firo of hostile

rnachinc guns. ( d ) Fire Control.

Its importance. Indication and rccognition of targets. Appreciation of ground.

66

S.U.Q. Small A m s School.

(e) Range Work. Confidence in hindlipg the gun. I t s effect a t close range

(500 yds.). Common stoppages and the way to remedy them. Value of carcful preparation of all guns.

(f) Jlechanical Anowledge. Sufficient to givo a Company Commander confidence when

superintending the training in his Company, and to teach him what it is fa i r to oxpect the gun to do as a piece of machinery.’ (0)Anti:Aivwaft W o r k .

Explanation of the anti-aircraft sight. I t s capabilities and i ts limitations. The best ‘typos of mounting and the best forms of fire. Tactical considerations in the use of small arms against

aircraft.

(‘B ‘ I GOURSE’.--80 Platoon Commanpcrs: 15 working days, ORJECTS.

(i.) To make the Platoon Commander realise the importance of tho Lewis Gun as a man-killer.

- (ii.) To teach him the value of close co-operation between the Lewis G u n and the other wanpons in his platoon.

Principles of attack formation as laid down in S.S. 143, their elasticity, and the way they can be adapted to meet all situations.

(iii.) To make the Platoon Commander sufficientlyproficient in mechan’ical work to direct the training of his Lewis Gun section, and to appreciate the work required t o get a Lewis Gun into action and keep it in action.

SYLLABUS. (a)Zectwes.

The same as for “A” course with the addition of lectures on revolvers, indication and recognition of targets, and general principles ofi machine gun mechanism. ( h ) Toctical Esercises.

The same ground is worked over and the same situationa given as for “A” course, but the point of view taken is that of the Platoon Commander.

. .(c) Dsmonrlrations. The same a2 given “A” course.

67

Appendix BV1. (d ) Fi re Control. . ’

Double the time is given to this subject as in “A” courso. (e) I le iduer Training.

Delibcratc and rapid fire with eithcr hand. ( f ) German Machine Cim.

The student is taught to load and fire the gun and remedy the common stoppages, to cnablc him to bring a captured gun into action in emergency. (0) Uechanical Ti’ork.

To give officers any very thorough knowledgc of mechanism is not attempted, but they a re taught sufficient to enable them t o check their N.C.0.s and supervise the training of thcir men. (h) Ahti-Aircraft Inaln,,ctioi~.

As for “A” course,, but in greater detail. (.i) Rmage T o d .

As f o r “A” COUTSC, but in greater detail. %

I ‘ c ” COURSR.-350 N.C.0.s: 15 working days.

OBJECTS. ( i . ) To bring every man to the standard of ekciency, SO

tha t he can bring his gun into action in-the shortest possible time, keep it in actioii as long as i t is rcquircd, and frrc accurately at any givcn target.

(ii.) To bring to the notice of Battalion Commanders a n v man of exceptional ability in order to get thc bcst men RS instructors throughout the Army. %

(iii.) To reject men incapable of becoming cfficient Lewis Gunners.

SYLLABUS. (a) Lcctuves.

The same subjects a rc dealt with as in the officers' courses, hu t thc point of view of the privcte soldier is taken and the lessons arc simplificd. ( b ) 2’actical Exercises.

Use of ground and cover by scout8 and by the section. Choosing of gun positions. Supply of ammunition.

68

G.T€.&. Small Arms School.

Communication and co-operation with other .Lewis G u n s . ( c ) Ucmonstmtions.

As in "A" and " B." courses. (,a) U7.ilZ ond P'lre CO1LtVOZ.

This is taught thoroughly and its groat importanceemphasized. ( c ) Revolver Tmining.

As in (' R " course. (/) German Maclkirie Gwn.

As in ' ' B " cour s~ . (0) Remge IVork. . .

As in '' U " COIIPSC, with particular attention t o observation of firc an_d remedying of stoppages. (1') Uechnnicnl M a l e t l g e .

, . This.is taught thoioughly and a report sent to Djvisiuns on every man's work at the end of the course.

' (i) Anti-Aircvajt V0l.k. Explanation of thc a n t i 4 r c r a f t sight. Method of adjustment. Practicc in ;Liming at model Aircrift. Rapid moiinting.

I(This hmnch of instruction will be dcvkloped to include aiming a t real aircraft.)

Use of the sight with bid1 ammunition on the raage, and . I ,

judging distance and speed of aircraft. , ,

69 I

I

Appendis X V 2 .

( C ) ESTABLISHMENT.

Detail

CoiiiwariAaut (Col.) (a

Xachine Den Branch.

Chief Instructor (Lt..Colonel ( b )

Instructors ( M a j 6 r s, Capts..or Lieuts.) (c)

Assistant 1nstruct.ore (Mujors, Captains or Lieutenants) (a)

Adjutant sod Quarter-umster

Ssrgennt.Major _._ Qn&rternmter Sergeanl N.C.O. Iiistractors (e)...

TOTAL ...

LCl"i* cw, Drn,,ch.

Chief Instrgctor (Lt..Colonel) (6)

Instructors (Majors,Cnpts. or JAeuts.) (c)

Assistant Iusrruotors (Majora, Captains or Llautouantu) (d )

AdjUtant and Qosrter. master

Sorgeint-Major ... N.C.O. Instructors ($1...

TOTAL ...

70

G.H.Q. Small Arms ,School. (C) ESTABLISHMENT^ ;mati?n'ed.)

Detail

Adn!,inisl,vative E'stuD-lishnlcnt.

Armonrers' shop ... Carpenters' R h " p ... Qnartcrmnster's starcs Cleriis ... ... CoolCS ... ... Sanitary squad ... Police dutios ... Geucrnl duties ( j ) ... Batmcn ( j )... ...

TOTAL ..

T O T ~ L (cxclud-SCHOOL ing &ttachcd

Attached-K.A.M.C. ... Dri~crs,AS.C.-

H:Y. ... ... M.T. ... ..,

Intorprotor

TOTAL SCHOOI~( i h u d ing at.tachei1)

Doiail

Motor oyclc with side c m Bicycles ... ... ... :::I ;Blotor car ... ... ... ... Lorry, a-ton ... ... ... ... carts, \vU*tcr.. . .. . ... .. . jT O T A L ... ... ... 10 6~.

71

Appendix XVZ.

NOTES.

(4Genoral staff omccr. 1st grade. (b) Graded as Geocrnl stnn omew, 2nd grade. ( c ) Graded as instructor, School oiimsketry, Hythc. (a) Graded as aSSiStDnt Instructor, School 01 M~uslicLry,Hytllo. (8 ) Inclndcs 15 per ccnt. qusrtennnster-sel.genllt inslrirctors .and

15 pcr cent. com1iany 8crgeant.rnsjor instructors. tj)I ~ ~ U I O L I T C Cscrgcslt-major, 2 arrnonrer stsn.scrg:ceuts ana

1 privatc, A.O.C., and 5 men, ofcategory lower tlinn "A." (0)2 sappers, L E . , and 4 mcn of catcgory lower tbnn "A." (h) 2 sergeants, 1 corporal. 1 lence-corporal and 2 privates, ( i )Includes 1 corporal. ( j ) Perwnnel of oategory of lower than "A." (k)Act $8 Orderlies and batmen to mcdlcal offlcer.

Appendix 'XVII.

G.H.Q.. ANTl-AIRCRAFT GUNNERY SCHOOL. Number of Students.

10 Ofticers arid 10 N.C.0.s from l h n c c . 16 Oficcrs nnd 15 N.C.0.s from England.

U w a t i n i ~of Course-!rhrce Wceks.

(A) SYLLABUS. 1. Ol~l'IC13ltS. (U) Lecllrr.rs.

'Yactical considerations affecting Anti-Aircraft Guns. Choicc and occupntiori oi positions.!relephoncs.Co-operthou with llic R.F.C. Flying-formation-avoiding anti-aircraft fire, ctc. Aerop1;mes.Defencc of small i~rcas (Q.13.liarrage).Seavehliglits. (By a selected Searchlight Ollicer.) Battery Staff work. Organization of Section Commander's Staff when all the

h t e s t instrumcnts arc in use. Theory ttnd usc of instruments. French mctliods.. Ammunition supply. Gnre and usc of M.T.vehicles (by a selected Anti-aircraft

workshop Ollicer).Administration and organization.

( b ) I 'mct icnl . Shooting.Occupation. of positions.Constluction of platforms. Construction of'dug-outs. Cnmouflage.Use of instrumcnts in the field. Telephones in the field. Identification of aeroplanes. Calibrntion of guns.

rI. N.c.o.~. (U) Lectl'ves.

Battery Staff work. Diition or No. 1 and Section Commander. . Telephones.Administration.

73

c A p p m d i z X V I I .

Ammunition supply. Occupation of positions.Identification of Aeroplanes snd method of instruction in

the same. Care and use of M.T.vehiclcs (by a selected Anti-aircraft

workshop Officer). . ( b ) PraeLical.

Subjects as for Officei (B) EE ENT

Detnil

Commandant (Lt.-Col.) (a)

Adjutnnt(b) ... ... Instructors (b) (c) .I. Asst. Inlitructom ... Batt. Sgt.M&jor ... Batt. Q.M. Sgt. ... Clerks ... _._ ... Cooks ... _._ . .. General Duties (a) ... Batmen ... .._ ...

TOTAL .._ ... (U,)With command p; ( 6 ) With extra duty I ( e ) One Major, I Cap(d ) Includes 1 Corpor

A t tuched-One Section of 2 13-pdr. guns (see War Establishments,

P a r t V I I . , A, No. 501/23).One Section of 2 &inch 20 cwt. guns (see War Establish-

ments, P a r t VIIA, No. 641). One Section of Searchlights, when available.

74

Appendix XVIII.

R.E. SCHOOL. Number of Students.

40 Officers-Commanders and Seconds in Command of Field Units, R.E.

nuration of Course-Three weeks.

(A) SYLLABUS. I. S d j e c t s for lectures, etc.

Responsihility'of Oiiicers of R.1:. units for offering advicc on technical mattcrs, and responsibllity generally.

Co:operation with Tnfantry working parties and rcspectiveduties of Officers commanding parties and R,E. Officers. Relations of Ficld Company Commanders to Brigade Com- manders when \vorkins with Brigades.

Employment of Pioncer Dattalions and Infantry attached .to R.E. units.

Economy of material in design. Responsibility for proper use of stores and prevention of

waste. Training of personnel of Field Compmjies in military

cngineering othcr than field defences. , German mct.hods, including rcfcreuce to German tex t

books. Publications issued from Engineer-in-Chief's office. Standard dcsigns for usc of Infantry (Rcvision of Trench .

Warfare Diagrams. S.S. 196.) Consolidation of craters, ctc. Organization of R.E. work when holding a line (S.S. 108). R.E. instructions vhen a Division takes over a line

(S.S. 104). R.E. preparations for offensive operations (S.S. 145) ;

duties during an a t tack ; aftcr a successful attack and when the objective is not attaincd.

Engineer reconnaissance in an advance.

75

,dppendix X V I I I .

Field Defences:-Strong points, rapid wiring, rcvetting, drainsgc, concealment of work i n progrcss, and preliminary work of camouflage, subways, shell-proof cover (S.S. 116),deep dug-outs and their ent.mnccs, communication trenches and their defence, O.P.s, rein'iorced concrete as npplicd to cover.

Demolitions. Road making. Forward Light Railways and Tramways. Water supply. Tactics and field fortifications. Interior cconomy, disciplino and equipment. HorRemastership. NOTE.--Uiscussions a re held after lectures, when Officers

under instruction a re invited to bring forward points for consideration and itcius of value gained from their own experience.

2. J'rojects, Practical lVork o:ird Viri ts . Engineer reconnaissance, including restoration of a hridge. Construction of StrCllg points and other field defences. Visit to Bridging School. Harness fitting and wagon picking. Vi.sit to Trench'Mortar School. Water supply schcmc. Demolition scheme. ,

3. Special Lectures. Gas. Camouflage. Tanks. Provision oi R.E. material. Workshops. Intelligence. Defensivo emp!oymcnt of Machine Guns. Artillery and its relation to the siting of trenchcs.

76

Comnandaut ana Chic1 Instructor I ( a ) 1 instructors (nlnjoru). . . . . . . . . 2 2 Aiij,,tant and Qii:~r1crm~%sler... 1 1 Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 I)l.n!,gi,tsman.. . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1jntmcn . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 (a) 4

TOTAL SCUOOL . . . . . . . . . 4 1 5 10

71

Appendix XIX.

BRIDGING SGH.0OL. Numbcr of Studcnta.

20 Officers; 100 N.C.0.s and men: Duration of Cowse-Ten Days.

(A) SYLLABUS. 1. Lectures.

.. . .1. Bridges gencrally. ' 2. General description of Stock Spans. 3. Reconnaissance and organization in connection with

the crcction of beavy bridgcs. 4. Designing short span bridges. 5 . Piers, abutments and pile driving (three). 6 . Stresses and resistances in tacklcs and aochoragus

(two). 7. Designing and ovganizing rccor&uction of

demolished spans (an exarnplc). 8. Army Bridging DepbLs. 9. Cantilevers and false w o k . 10. The solution of schemes (two).

. ' 11. Loads and stresses. 13. " 13 " class bridges.

Lifting bridges. 13. " B '' class bridges (lifting bridges). 14. Inglis bridges. 16. Hopkins bridge. 16. All classes will be lectured as opportunity offers during

work, in the following:- (a)Components and parts of ea& span. ( b ) Tackles and anchoragc. ( c ) Bridging stores

78

Uridyi?lg S C / & O O l .

8. Schemes. ’

(;)‘A short span, to be bridged (i.) with baolk timber; ( i i , ) with R.S. Joists; (iii.) with grccn timhcr cut at or near site.

( b ) A known gap in front of the Armies, a r r deliberate ’’ scheme for vhich 4 days are given, officers working in their own time. -

(c) A known gap in front of the Armies-scheme handed out at 10 a.m., to he handed in at 7 p.m.

3. Pmetical m a r k . Erecting superstructure 85 ft. “A” class bridge. . Erccting superstructure GO ft. “A.” class bridge (Deck). Erecting, Inonching, recovering, a n d dismantling 85 ft.

‘‘ A ”.class girder. Erccting, launching, recovering, and disniantliug GO f t .

“ A ” class girdcr. Erecting 30 ft. “A” class bridge. Erecting 21 fb . 6 in. “A” class bridgc. Erecting Portal h t t o r n lifting biidge. . Erecting llnvit. h t t e r n lifting bridge. ..

Erecting GO ft. ‘‘ R ” class girders. lbccting imd dismantling light Inglis bridge. lnverting light Tnglis bridge. Erecting lieavy Inglis bridge. Erecting heavy Inglis t w i n bridge.. Erecting Inglis rectangular bridgc. Erecting derricks, hot11 lattice and pole. Erecting trestles. Erecting steel cubes. Erecting pile drivcrs. 1nst.iuction in oxy-acctylene metal-cutting plant. No~E.--Hridging hg night will be carried out on 3 nights,

no flares being used.

70

Appeirdix XIX.

(B) ESTABLISHivEENT -

-2 ::

~~ -Comrnaodnnt and Chief '

rustructor h) ... 1. 1 hstructars(b) .._ .._ ... 3 3 Adjutant ... ... ... 1 1 Senior Assistant Instructor ... 1 Coy. Sgt..Najor . . . . . . ... 1 Coy. Q:M.S. ... ... ... 1 Aa~istant Instruclorll ... ... 6 corpora1 ... ... ... 1 Storekeepers ... ... ... 3 Clerks ... ... ... a Draughtsman (niceh.) ._. ... 1 Piivates ( f ) ... ... ... 33 Batmen (1) ... ... ... 5

I- -TOTAL ... ... ... 5 60-

(a)Major, R E . (or Lieut.-Colonel, R.E., .if no suitable . Major is available). ( 6 ) Captnins, R.E. ( c ) Warrant Officer, Class I. ( d ) Ihcludcs I Corporal nnd 2 Sappers. ( e ) Sapper. (f) B '' personnel. (8 ) Includes 1 Lance-Corpor;LI.

80

Appendix XX. \

G.H.Q. WIRELESS SCHOOL. (Signal Base Depot.)

COUTM “ c.” Number of Students-15 Signal Service Officers.

DUTatiOn of C o w : s e 4 weeks. Course ‘‘ D.”

Number of Stude~ts-15 Wireless Telegraphy N.C.0.s of Divisional Signal Companies. Duration of Course-6 weeks.

Course ‘‘ I.” Students : Listening Set personnel.

D u ~ a ~ i o n Course-Six weeks.of

(A detailed syll;ibus of tho above courses has been issued to all concerned.)

INSTRUCTIONAL ESTABLISHMENT.* 1 Cnptain. 2 Subalterns. 1 Mechanist Staff-Sergeant. 5 Sergeants. I3 Corporals and 2nd Corporals. 8 Sappers.

Drawn from tho establishment of the Signal Bane Deiml~.

81 I

.Appendix . S I . /ASSAULT, PHYSICAL AND RECREATlONAL /TltAINING COURSE.

(Hcld a t Headquartcrs, P. and B.T.) / ~?hLVn.tiork of Couvse-Thrce Weeks. 1 .. .

1. . Object.-To develop tho power of leadcrship id Junior Oficers and N.C.0.s in thc,essential elementary training.

2. Students.-Specially selectcd Officers and N.C.0.s are accepted as follows:- . . .

(a)Per Cavalry Division :-(i.) 9 O5ccrs, i.e., I per Regiment.

(ii.) 27 N.C.0.8, i.e., 1 per Squadron. (b) Per Infantry Division:-

(i.) 3 Oficers, i.e., 1 per Brigs$e.(ii.) 13 N.C.0.8, i.e., 1 per Bnttalion.

The rnaxirnum number of reprcsentatives which can be accepted for any cnc coursc are those of one Cavnlry Division and of tcn Infantry Divisions.

3. S:ncbjects.-(a) Drill and Discipline. (6) Physic'al Training; that is to say, the method of

carrying cut physical and brain stimulating escrcises for troops in the field after complction of a spell in trenches.

(c) Assault Training (S.S.165):-(i.) 1st Stagc--Ballot and Bayonet.

(ii.) Method of using the bayonet for clearing a trench during night work, patrolling, etc.

(d ) Rccreationd Tvaining (S.S.137) :-(i.) The method of organizing games for units in the

field. (ii.) Method of " r u n n i n g " boxing, athletic sports,

tugs-of-war, cross-country races and all recrea-tion which can be carried out near the line, .

4. S?/Zlabus.-(a) 1st Stage (3 days)-Sections trained in technique icnder Staff Instructor.

(0) 2nd Stage ( 6 days)-Lcadership in subjects developed undcr Staff InstrucLor.

( c ) Final Stage (3 days)-Application of leadership byOficcrs and N.C.0.s of Sections.

82

1,

Appendix XXII. TRAINING A BATTALION. , ,

(A) SUGGESTED ALLOTMENT O F TIME. . . 1st rveck < h i d e d , f d h " s : -

1 days Section, Platoon and Company Training. ' 1 day Rattrdion Training.

> I day,& the disposal of the Brigade Commander.. S.,~<Z 1 1 7 ~ e i ~di.idcd jazzow8:-

3' days Platoon and Company Training. 2 days Battalion Training. 1 day at the disposal of the Brigade Commandef.

Svd Feet divided os follows:-, 2 days Platoon and Company Training.. ' ,

2 days Battalion Training. 2 days at the dispoaal of theBrigade Commander.

4 t h Week dii(ided ds follo&;-According to progress- 2 days Company Training.

. . , 2 days Battalion Training. :

2 days at the disposal of the Divisional or Br igadeCommander,

The advantago of this system of allotment of trainingdn,ys, is that in tho case of thc Division being ordered into thc line at short noticc; every Commander of cvery'formatidnhas had an opportunity of training and leading his command.

. . . . Czlidi'ind Principles: ~

. . 1. During. periods of rest .and training out of the line, ovcr-training is as detrimental t o morale and o5cienc,v as under-treiping. (Sec. 4, para. 9.) . . . ,. . . 2. Dining wibter months n o . training, and duringsiimmei'months seldom more . t h i n half an hour's training, 'should bccarricd out before breakfa.st; this should never be of an exhausting nature. '

'Physical Training should ' never take place before brcakiast. . . . . . . I . . . : 3. ~ c f < r ecommencing anj.'fofm o f t r i i n ing , Instructors sbould have a clear idea of the subject or exercise to be taught and a n cxact knqwlcdge of the method of teaching it, namely,cxpl?nation, demonstration,. practice, and, if possible,'test.

83

. A p p e n d i z XXZZ. -Interest will lapse if any exercise is practised for too.$ng

at a time, and unless the Instructor shows keenness and enthusiasm.

Rofresher classes for Officers and N.C.0.s should always be held on the cvcuing previous to the instruction given. , '

4. During training hours there should be breaks, say, of 10 minutes in every hour, for games,, short runs, srnqking, etc.

On at least two or three days 5 wcek there should be half- holidays for Competitions and Recreational Training.

6. Thc spiri t of Competition should he introduced into as many exercises as possible. An element of sport should be . introduced into training.

6. The morning's work should invariably terminate with some form of ceremonial or steady drill, e.g., march past by Sections, Platoons, Companies or Column of Fours.

(B) SUGGESTED PROGRAMME FOR INDIVIDUAL, SECTION, PLATOON AND COMPANY TRAINING.

1. Daily throughout the whole period. 7.30a.m. to8.0a.m. or9 .0a .m. to0.30a.m.

- Battalion Parnde.-As strong as possible, including a8 many as possible of Battalion lieadquarters (Fighting and Administrative). Parade on Battalion Parade Ground. i f possible; if ground does not admit, parade OP CompanyParadc Grounds.

'Subject.-Drill and Ceromonial. A definite progrcssive programme of work, e.g., from

Squad Drill without arms u p to Battalion movcments (Tnfdntry Training, 1914); for this daily parndo the pro-gramme should be drawn up and circulated by Battalion

' Headquaitera.

Denionatrations of good and bad drill to be given on this Paradc (Soc. 4, para. 7); these should be prepared hy the Ba:talion Commander or some Officer delegatcd by him.

'Suggested subjects: Guard Mounting, Platoon, DrIII, Rifle JXerei$es, Saluting, Words of Command, etc.

1:

illmining a Battaliolz.

2.15 p.m. to 3.0 p.m. (cxcept Wednesdays and Saturdays). Uea.-

Lewis Gun Training. Musketry on 30 yards'- Range, F i re Control and

\ Discipline. 'Simplc Tactical Schemes; Platoons and Sections. Gns Drill.

N.C.0.s (Section Conimanrlers and Understudies nlter-n&:l~/)-

Communicating and " Shouting " Drill. Fire Direction, Control and Discipline. Writing Siinplc Messages. Simplc Tactical Sclicmcs.

3.0 p.m. Ilecieational 2'vaining (S.S. .157, revised editioa),-

'J.'vaining for and mrry ing out the following :-l~ootbnll Matches. Musketry Competitions, terminating with a ri0e

nieeting. Boxing Competitions. Assault Competitions. Competitions for runncrs and despatch carriers. Stalking Competition for Le& gunners and riflemen. Uiud and Bathing, whcncver possible.

6.30 p.m. Refreshing officers and N.C.0.s in the next day's work. Confcrcnces amongst officers and N.C.0.s. Short Lecturc by C.O. on any particular form of training,

or any task the Battalion may havc to perform. Description of Couiitry in which the Battalion may be

going to fight. Lessons from the past.

I i s p ~ i td e Corps. History of the Rcgiment. Ol,ject.-To bring all r i u k s together; to 'create interest;

to iuspire confidencc; to raise .morale. 65

Appea&x X Y I I .

2. 0.0 a.m. to 12.30 p.m., or 9.30a.m. to 1 p.m. for days allotted t-

(a ) FyZiuidzraZ Tmining (3 to 1 days).-The training of thc i n d i v i d d man in the us0 of riflo, bayonet, and other weapons. The box rc'spirator should be worn during part of the training with cnch weapon.

Time to bc divided into four pcrio+, with short breaks betwceir periods for smoking and discussion :-'

Period l.--Muslretry. ,, 2.-Physical Training and Dayonet Training. ,, 3.-Bombing, aiflc-Bombing, Lcwis Gun, Sniping,

Patrolling, etc. ,, 4.-Last helf hour; Ccrcmonial, march past. by

Sections or Platoons. = ( I , ) ,Section 7'rai&q (3 to 1 days).-The training of

individuals in thc Section to work in co-operation (as a team)under tho Section Commander, as follows :-

(i.) Training in lire discipline, fire control and the assault, in addition to individual instruction in musketry and bayonet training.

(ii.) Training in scouting and stalking, sniping, observing, patrolling (as time allows).

(iii.) Rifle sections can also be trained to work as a bombing or rifle-bombing team in attack or deEence, if considered necessary.

Time available divided into periods, as in (a). Nom-Each Section should train its own Scouts, (c) Platoon, I'mining (3 to 1 days),-The training of

Sections to work in co-operation under the Platoon Commander.

I'oriustiuns for ' \ t h c k ; Assault practico; Battle Patrols; Rccornrioitrinc. P.itrols; Att . ick of strong points on Fleld E iiiiig Rniigt:, i i possib!e; Rnpid w i r i n g ; Training in clearing an nrca; Precautions against gas, and-gas drill.

Time available divided UP into periods. &a in (a).. . (d ) C o n p a 7 ~ yTraining (from 3 to 1 days, according to

timc available).-The training of the Platoons and Company Headquarters to be carried on in coLoperation under the Company Commander

At this stage classes rejoin the Company.

88

, Training a Battalion.

In addition t o subjects cnumcpted under PlFtoon Train- ing, special at.tention is t o be paid to co-operation amongstplatoons; training of runners and signallers ; incdcating a good system of allotment of tasks for work; rallying and re-organizing; attack formations, with variations; assault practice competitions; platoon rapid wiring competltions; platoon drill competitions; platoon musketry compctitions; attack of strong points or locnlitles h j ~one platoon while remaindcr look on and criticise; practice gas alarm, duringwhich the respirator is worn without interrnpting the work in progress. -

3. During Individual, Section and Platoon Training, a sufficiency of targets, bombs, mre, tracing tapc, etc., must be provided. A careful allotment of available ranges, assault courses, bombing trcnohes abd pits and all necessary equip- mcnt must bc made hy Battlilion Ueadquarters to Companies, so that '' clashing I' will not Lake place.

4. Denomt?-ations.-In addition to demonstrations referred to in para. 1, any demonstrations to Companies or the Battalion considered nccessary should take plncc at 0.30 a.m., before commencing the morning's work, or a t 11.45 a.m.

The following are snggcsted subjects for dcrnonstration :-Attack Forrni~tions. Trench to Trench Attack on Field Firing Range, by a

Platoon. Clearing a trench or au area. Assault. Action of Rattle Patrols. Action of Bombers in an Attack. Formations for Night and Wood Fighting. Fire Direction and Control-on Rangc. Method of Conducting a Grouping Practice o n ' 30

yards' Range.

5. Classes.-During Individual, Section and Platoon Training :-

Sipnllers, 1 Under Signal Oflicer.Runnerg,

07

Runners should be trained in map-reading, semaphorc, verbal message work, the delivery of messages, etc. (P.S.R.,Par t I., Chapter II., Section 20. It is specially important that all runners should be acquaintcd rvith their dutics under Section 20 (4).) '

Scocts I) Four per Coinpnny under Scouting Officer and Scouting N.C.0.s.

The .above will he eserciscd in Physical Training and Bayonet-fighting, Assault, and Gas Drill a t convenient timcs.

Sanitary men. Under Medical Officer as required.

8. Wedcesdags a d ,S'otwdays.-E\.cning entcrtninmcnt,s. Conqcrt. '

Cinema. Boxing. Lectures by outside Lecturers or Officers returned

from Schools. -Dcbatcs on Military matters. Lantern slides showing aeroplane photographs, etc.

(C) NOTES ON MUSKETRY 'J.'ltAIN:ING. (For Units out of the line for short ii'criods of rest.)

1 . The men should receive as much practice as possihlein handling their rifles in all firing positions, both in thc operand from cover, bolt drill, and firing on a 30 yards' or long-range.

2. On the first Dlusketry Parade the men should bc quickly put through the following tests, to ascertnin the auhjects in' which they require special practice :-

( a ) Firing Z'ositioibs.-The men should be ordered to assume different positions, such as standing or

' crouching behind cover, Iging in the open, etc., and fire (without ammunition) 5-10 rounds slow, followed

' by 10 rounds rapid. I

Training a Battalion.

Whilst they a re firing th; following should be noted :-

Positions. ‘ Trigger Pressing. Manipulation of Bolt. Mcthod of holding the riHe.

( b ) Aiming.-The men should be tested i n tho prone position, or with the riHes rcsted, aim being taken at an eye-disc. The eye itsclf should be used i f no eyc-disc is available.

( c ) l h p i d Londing.--Six chargers in ono minute. If duinmies are not available, bull ammunition

can he used, n covk or piece of wood being firmly wedged in behind the trigger, so tha t the latter cannot be released.

The nicn shonld lic close to a bank.‘ These tests should hc carried out collectively, with

thc exception of the tesl for aiming, and should not take longer than 15-20 minutes.

3. If 30 yards’ ranges arc available the incn can also he tested by means of a grouping a n d a rapid practice.

4. Thc following is a suggest,ed method of carrying out incense training in Musketry i n cases where only one hour n day is availablc (excludiiig the time spont on the range) :-TiVSt HOtk1. . 10 minutcs Pronc Position in the opcn, all rates of fire (i.e.,

Slow, Snap-shooting, and Rapid). 5 ,, Bolt Drill in pronc position.

10 .. Q,ucstions on Cure of Arnin.io ;; Rapid Loading. 10 ,, Bayonet Practice. @!ob stick.) 1 0._ .. . Sl;iLndine Position behlnd cover, all ratcs of fire. 5 ;: Bolt lhiil in standing position:

Secoitd Hour. 10 minutes Standing Position in the open:nll rates of fire. 1 0 ,, Practice in trigger pressing and testing aim. I O ,, Muscle Exercises. (Standing position.) 15 ,, Jndging Distance. i o .. Bayonet I’racticc. (Blob stick..)

5 ,, Bolt Drill i n prone position. 89

Appendix S X I I . Third ,HOW. 10 minutes Prone Position bchind COYCV, al l rntcs of fire.

5 I , Bolt Drill in prone position. 10 ;, Lecture on Concentretion and Distribution of

6rc. 10 ,, Rapid Loading. 10 ,~ Fire Discipline training. 10, ,:' Bayonet Practice. (Blob stick.) 6 . ,, Bolt Drill in standing position.

Fowt lb If0,lkr.

10 m'inutes Other Positions hehind COY~I ' . 5 ,, Bolt Drill in prone position.

10 ,, Practicc in Indication and Recognition of Ohjeck.

IO ,, Brtyonct Prect,ice. 10 ,, Questions on Csrc of Alms. 10 ,, Standing Position i n the open. 5 . ,, Bolt Drill i n standing position.

Training on subsequent days can be carried out on similar lines.

(D) FIELD PRACTICE (BAYONET-FIGHTING AND MUSKETRY).

1. This practice is designcd to impress on the minds OF all ranks:-

( i . ) The necessity for the ready use of rifles. (ii.) The co-operation hetween firc and movemcnt.

(iii.) The co-operation between the bayonct and tho bullet.

Rattle practice may be carried out by Sections, Platoons, 'Companies, or Uattalions, according to the .ground and

facilities available. 2. For purposes of explanation a Platoon is herc taken as

an example :-(i,) Dress-Fighting drcss (S.S. 133, revised edition,

Section SSSI.). (ii.) Formation-Platoon in lino, or in column of

Scctions. (iii.) The objective is pointed out. (vi.) The Platoon advances towards the objective in

artillery formation of Sections, preceded. by scouts.

(vi.) The target is engagcd by riflc firc of thc Platoon. (v i ; . ) Thc Platoon advances b y alternate rushes of

Section$. (vi;;.) The target disappears. (ix.) A targct appears (out of range of riflc-bombs)

some few minutcs later on t h o originalobjective.

~ (x.) Thc Platoon dcals with the target in the same Nay.

(xi.).Whon within assaulting distance, tllc Platoon delivers the assault. For this purpose, if pos-sible, a bayoiict-fighting course should be pro- . vided; if this i s uot possibla, some sackx to represent the enemy mill sulfice, but correct bagonct-fighting iucLlrods must be insisted on.

(xii.) The objcative is gained, patrols pushed out, scntrics postcd, and consolidation comrncnccd.

(xiii.) A surprise target is shown and rapid fire opcncd. 3. The practicc can be carried out over any distance from

n 30 yards' range upwards, hut, nalurally, the more nearly the distance over \rzliich this practice is catricd out approaches that which would obtain in battle, the better.

It should be carried out, whcnever possible, over rough ground n r i d with ball ammunition.

I n order to bring about Lhe primary object of the practice, namely, Lhe use of the rifle, no other weapons but the rifle should be uscd at first. A t a Iatcv stage, when all.rnnks are proficient with the rifle mil bayonet, tho usc of Lewis guns,rifle-homhs, and bombs may be introduced.

. .

91

Appendix XXIII.

GENERAL STAFF OFFICERS (TRAJNING).

DUTIES OF G.S.0.s 1 (TRAINING), I N ALENIES, AND OF G.S.0.s 2 (TRAINING), :N CORPS.

The duties of G.S.0.s l'(Training), Armies and G.S.0.s 2 (Training), Corps were broadly outlined in G.H.Q. letters O.B./1146,datod 14/2/17and 26 /3 /11 , . as follows:-

1. The C.S.0. 1 (Training), Armies, nssist.ed by the G.S.0.s 3, should kecp in close touch with:-

(i.) Tho Commandants of (a) Army 1nf:mtry Schools and affiliatcd Army Scouting, Observation and Snipin Schools; ( b ) Army ArLillery Schools and af&inted Army Trench Mortar Schools; (c) Army Signal Schools.

(ii.) Superintenden& of Physical and BayonetTraining.

' (iii.) Commandants of Army Musketry. Camps and

other officers superintending Musketry In-struction.

(iv.) Chemical Advisors. (v,) Fighting Troops through Corps Commanders and

their G.S.0.s 2 (Training) of Corps. (vi.) Area Commandants as regards Training facilities

and stores in RTCRS.

2. The G.S.0.s 2 (Training) of Corps should kecp in close touch with :-

(i.) The Commandants of (a) Corps Tnfantry Schwls, and all schools alliliated to them; (G) CorpsSignal Schools.

(ii.) Corps Jfachine Gun Officers. (iii.) Commandants of Corps R,einforccmcri t Camps. (iv.) Chemical Advisers. (v.) Area Commandants as regards Trnlning

facilities.

3. Normally thcir duties will be best carried out byconstant supelvision of the troops at work in training areas, by arranging dcmonstvations, by giving lectures and arranging for outside lecturcrs.

92

INSTRUCTORS.

APPROXIMATE ANNUAL OUTPUT OF INSTRUCTORS (OFFICERS AND N.C.0.s) PER BATTALION FROM SCHOOLS IN FRANCE.

er Rott&lion. Bahool. In what CnDacity.

Army Infantry ... 3ampany Commanders. Company Sorgeant Majors.

OWcer BN.C.0 . Instructor’S.

Army sod Corps . 2 ’ 12 OWoer WN.C.0. Instmctors. 1 1signa1

1 1 A w e : Artillery Instructors

trained i n addition.

Army Nuskstry 15 15 company snd Platoon Camp omccrs.

Platoon Sergcants.

platoon Commanders. Platoon Sergeants.

Corps Lowis Gun Oftloer BaN.C.0. Instructors. ~~

Corps Light omoer & N.C.O. Instructors. Mortar

~ _ _ Corps Bomhing ... . 8 Omcer & N.O.O. Instmotors.

\

03