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INSTRUCTIONS FOR STAFF. ENSURE THAT YOU HAVE PRINTED OFF ENOUGH COPIES OF THE CARTOON SLIDES (18-23) AT THE END OF THIS POWERPOINT FOR ONE BETWEEN TWO OF YOUR STUDENTS AND THAT YOU HAVE THE DOUBLE SIDED LAMINATED CARTOONS FOR DISTRIBUTION - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR STAFFENSURE THAT YOU HAVE PRINTED OFF ENOUGH COPIES OF THE CARTOON SLIDES (18-23) AT THE END OF THIS POWERPOINT FOR ONE BETWEEN
TWO OF YOUR STUDENTSAND THAT YOU HAVE THE DOUBLE SIDED
LAMINATED CARTOONS FOR DISTRIBUTION
Realistically this lesson will take two lessons to go through if you want to use all the cartoons, or at quite a pace, which
ever you preferIf you are in a computer room they could go to this website
http://sunnycv.com/steve/20th/truman47.html Where they can look through lots of the news of the time to see events unfolding – this is good for the second batch of
cartoons.
Thought for you:Have you ever bought a
birthday present for someone ONLY because you know you’ll
get one back from them, rather than buying it just
because you care?
CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT:Cold War Relations 1941-1965
Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism
What caused the Cold War?
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VI – Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism• Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe recover from WW2• Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
1. What was the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Aid?
2. Why did the Soviets nickname it “Dollar Imperialism”?
TASKUse the political cartoons being handed around the room to try to work out what you think TRUMAN DOCTRINE and MARSHALL AID are and explain why you think it.
SOURCE PThis Russian cartoon from 1947 shows Uncle Sam on the left and on the right are Greek communists.
An American cartoon.
An American cartoon.
SOURCE QThis cartoon of 1 October 1947 by EH Shepard for the British magazine Punch shows Marshall (on the left) telling 'Uncle Sam' - i.e. the American nation - that American Aid is needed to shore up the countries of western Europe: 'Come on Sam! It's up to us again.'
An American cartoon from the Buffalo Evening News.
SOURCE RThis cartoon of 18 June 1947 by EH Shepard for the British magazine Punch shows Truman and Stalin as two taxi-drivers trying to get customers. The 'customers' are labelled 'Turkey', Hungary', 'Bulgaria', 'Austria’
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VI – Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism• Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe recover from WW2• Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
NEXT TASKPass the cartoon you have to the next group, then chose the right question for you to answer in your book
1. GRADE C TARGET - Explain why the USA gave money to countries in Europe who wanted it.
2. GRADE B TARGET - Why would the USSR want to stop countries in Eastern Europe receiving this money?
3. GRADE A TARGET – How could Marshall Aid lead to tension between the USA and the USSR?
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VI – Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism• Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe recover from WW2• Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
FOLLOW UP TASKPass the cartoon you have to the next group, then chose the right question for you to answer in your book
1. GRADE C TARGET – Describe the cartoon in front of you with details about which nationality the cartoonist is.
2. GRADE B TARGET – Describe and Explain the cartoon in front of you with reference to whether or not you think it gives a true reflection of Marshall Aid
3. GRADE A TARGET – Describe, Explain and make a Judgement about the cartoon in front of you – how reliable is it about Marshall Aid? How reliable are political cartoons in general?
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VI – Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism• Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe recover from WW2• Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
PENULTIMATE TASKThe next cartoons (laminated sheets) are all British and therefore will have a degree of pro-Capitalist / anti-Communist bias. When you look at the image do the following in your group:
1. Discuss what the relationship is like between (where relevant):• USA and USSR• USA and Europe• USSR and Europe• The American government and the American
people
2. Discuss why the USA are offering to help rebuild European countries• Do they have an ulterior motive or not?
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
VI – Doctrine and Aid: Dollar Imperialism• Explain why the USA wanted to help Europe recover from WW2• Evaluate the reliability of political cartoons
FINAL TASKTurn over your cartoon to get the NEWS of that time. In one word how would describe American-Soviet relations?
3. Words to consider1. Cordial (OK)2. Tense (awkward)3. Fraught (becoming dangerous)4. Hostile (could lead to violence)
When does it get worse and why?
WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR?
SOURCE S“The ruling gang of American imperialists has taken the path of open expansion, of enslaving weakened capitalist countries. It has hatched new war plans against the Soviet Union. Imitating Hitler, the new aggressors are using blackmail.”
GM Malenkov, a Soviet politician, speaking in 1947 about the Marshall Plan.
Andrei Zhdanov echoed this opinion
Compare this to the idea of the “Liberation” of Eastern Europe, which is worse:“Liberation” or “Dollar Imperialism”
Thought for you:Have you ever bought a
birthday present for someone ONLY because you know you’ll
get one back from them, rather than buying it just
because you care?
Final thought for you:Did the USA give money to European countries ONLY
because they wanted to “buy” their loyalty, rather than
giving money just because they cared?
THE FOLLOWING SLIDES ARE FOR PRINTING OFF18-23
WHILST 24-37 SHOULD ALREADY BE PRINTED DOUBLE SIDED AND LAMINATED FOR YOU
SOURCE PThis Russian cartoon from 1947 shows Uncle Sam on the left and on the right are Greek communists.
An
Am
eric
an c
arto
on.
An
Am
eric
an c
arto
on.
SOU
RC
E Q
This
car
toon
of
1 O
ctob
er 1
947
by E
H S
hepa
rd f
or t
he B
ritis
h m
agaz
ine
Punch
sho
ws
Mar
shal
l (on
the
left)
telli
ng 'U
ncle
Sam
' - i.
e. th
e A
mer
ican
na
tion
- tha
t Am
eric
an A
id is
nee
ded
to s
hore
up
the
coun
tries
of w
este
rn
Eur
ope:
'Com
e on
Sam
! It's
up
to u
s ag
ain.
'
An
Am
eric
an c
arto
on
from
the
Buf
falo
Ev
enin
g N
ews.
SOU
RC
E R
This
car
toon
of
18 J
une
1947
by
EH
She
pard
for
the
Brit
ish
mag
azin
e Punch
sh
ows
Trum
an
and
Sta
lin
as
two
taxi
-driv
ers
tryin
g to
ge
t cu
stom
ers.
Th
e 'c
usto
mer
s' a
re la
belle
d 'T
urke
y', H
unga
ry',
'Bul
garia
', 'A
ustri
a’
Artist:David Low (1891-1963)
Published:Evening Standard, 17 Jun 1947
U.S. Secretary of State Marshall outlined a plan to aid Europe, including Britain, Russia, and "everything west of
Asia". If European countries brought all their national plans together, America offered financial and material help to
revive a working economy in the world. Moscow purported to see in this just a repetition of Truman's declaration of
three months before concerning Greece, whereby the US offered aid to free peoples resisting totalitarian pressure. The whole idea was, to Moscow, an attempt to enslave
Europe with dollars.
Artist:David Low (1891-1963)
Published:Evening Standard, 14 Mar 1947
The Communists seemed to be winning the civil war in Greece when the Foreign Ministers' Conference at Moscow
was shaken by the announcement by President Truman from Washington of a new policy: The US, as an "investment
in world freedom", in the future would actively assist free peoples to resist attempts to impose totalitarian regimes
upon them. As a start, the US would help the Greek government to defend itself in its war against the
Communist aided revolutionaries.
Artist:David Low (1891-1963)
Published:Evening Standard, 06 Mar 1947
News: Mar 12. US President Truman told Congress today that America must abandon her traditional policy of
isolationism and intervene throughout the world to oppose Communism. "I would not recommend it except that the alternative is much more serious. The foreign policy and
national security of this country are involved", he said in a speech calling for an immediate 400 million dollars in aid to the Greek and Turkish governments, who are opposed by
Communist rebels.
Artist:David Low (1891-1963)
Published:Evening Standard, 24 Jun 1947
News: June 19. Bevin warns the USSR that "appeasement" in Anglo-Soviet relation is over. June 22. The USSR agrees to attend talks with
Britain and France on the Marshall Plan for European aid.
Artist:David Low (1891-1963)
Published:Evening Standard, 15 Jul 1947
News: July 15. After a meeting in Paris of only two days, foreign ministers of all European countries, with the exception of the Soviet block and Finland, agreed on a European recovery programme to be put to the United States.
"It was the quickest conference I have ever have ever presided over," Ernest Bevin, British Foreign Secretary, said last night. The recovery programme,
drawn up at the invitation of George C. Marshall, US Secretary of State, will be funded by the US. Last month, Marshall warned that Europe must have help or "face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave
character." ... [Chronicle of the 20th century] As a first step to the Marshall plan, the European statesmen met in Paris to draw up a balance sheet of needs and resources, to see how they could help one another and how much American aid was required to put Europe on its feet. Bidault, for
France, said that the resources of Germany should be used for everybody, including the Germans, which was interpreted as meaning that the
restriction of the Potsdam Agreement would not be regarded as inviolate.
Artist:Illingworth, Leslie Gilbert, 1902-1979
Published:Daily Mail, 15 July 1947
News: July 13. Marshall aid plan splits Europeans. After a meeting in Paris of only two days, foreign
ministers of all European countries, with the exception of the Soviet bloc (including
Czechoslovakia and Poland) and Finland, agreed on a European recovery programme to be put to the
United States.
Artist:David Low (1891-1963)
Published:Evening Standard, 19 Sep 1947
As a change from the Soviet denunciations of the bolstering-up by Britain and America of the Greek Government, Marshall
demanded that the UN should consider the great numbers of troops and quantity of material which the communists were sending to help the Greek guerrillas. The UN should discuss
this and similar situations, said Marshall, if it wanted to keep healthy. Vishinsky, on the other hand thought the UN should
try to lead a quiet life and, in this case, avoid excitement.
