Instructional Goal SWBAT identify the liberal and conservative point of view on several “hot button” issues

Instructional Goal

• SWBAT identify the liberal and conservative point of view on several “hot button” issues.

Answer the following QUESTIONS

• Which principle of democracy would you be willing to disregard and why?

• YOU ARE DIRECTING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOR A DAY, YOU HAVE 1 CHANCE TO CHANGE AND IMPROVE THE LIVES OF ALL AMERICANS, WHAT WOULD DO, HOW AND WHY?

The Political Spectrum

• Line yourselves up based on your scores from the most Liberal to the most Conservative.

• Get yourselves into groups of 4 based on the three people that scored closest to you on the spectrum.

• Find the average score for your group.

The Political Spectrum• Review the 2 essay questions you answered at

the start of class and the activity from Monday.

• Share your opinions and see if there was a generally uniform agreement that you all had on any of your answers and if there were any answers that you had very different opinions on.

• Summarize the common beliefs and anything you differed on

The Political Spectrum

• Volunteer one of the statements/issues you agreed strongly on to discuss with class.

• Volunteer one of the statements/issues you disagreed strongly on to discuss with class.

PARTICIPATION

• DO YOU BELIEVE YOU WOULD SCORE ANY DIFFERENTLY TODAY, IF YOU TOOK THE QUIZ AGAIN? EXPLAIN

UNIT INTRO

• UNIT 2 FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

• INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL• IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS

INFLUENCES ON COLONIAL GOVERNMENT.

INFLUENCED AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

• ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS-Egypt-Absolute Monarchy

• GREECE(ATHENS)-DEMOCRACY• CITY-STATES, INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS, ILLUSTRATED IN

ART AND BECOMES THE FOUNDATION OF THEIR GOVERNMENT.

• ROME-REPUBLIC• ENORMOUS AREA TO GOVERN, REPRESENTATIVES

TRAVEL TO ROME

ANCIENT PLANS OF GOVERNMENT

• EgyptianGovernment was dominated by a single man, the Pharaoh. The people believed that the king was

more than a man, however, but that he was a god. This gave him absolute control over the affairs of the Empire and its people.

• People lived to serve the Pharaoh.


• Greeks had a lot of differentkinds of governments,because there were manydifferent city-states in ancientGreece, and they each hadtheir own government. Each city state was isolated by geographic features.

ANCIENT PLANS OF GOVERNMENT In 510 BC, the city-state of

Athens created the first democratic government, and soon other Greek city-states imitated them. Even city-states that weren't Greek, like Carthage and Rome, experimented with giving the poor people more power at this time.

• Trade and conquest spread the concept of democracy.


• The Roman government (in its entire history from founding to fall) was a strange mix of a democracy and a republic. An interesting fact is that the people of Rome took many of their ideas of government from the Ancient Greeks.


The Roman Republic ( based on representation) developed to deal with the large area they governed.

Of course, it didFall!

ANCIENT PLANS OF GOVERNMENT-DARK AGES – BACK TO PEOPLE SERVING GOVERNMENT

ENLIGHTENMENT/RENAISSANCE – GOVERNMENT BACK TO SERVING PEOPLE

CHANGING IDEAS ON GOVERNMENT

SERVE SERVETHE THERULER__________________________PEOPLE

EGYPT GREECE ROME MODERN DEMOCRACY

• WHAT COULD OUR GOVERNMENT DO TO SERVE YOU BETTER?

Dark Ages Monarchy

INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHERS• JOHN LOCKE

Proposed the idea of a social contract between men and government.

• ROUSSEAUInfluenced Locke, published “The Social Contract.”

• MONTESQUIEU(1689-1755), wrote and spoke about the benefits of a separation of powers, within a government.

ENGLISH INFLUENCE2 ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES

• LIMITED GOVERNMENT• MAGNA CARTA, ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS, PETITION OF

RIGHTS

• REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT- • PARLIAMENT, HOUSE OF LORDS, HOUSE OF COMMONS

ENGLISH INFLUENCEENGLISH DOCUMENTS

• MAGNA CARTA • SOME RIGHTS FOR THE UPPER CLASS-1215• Trial by Jury, due process of law, protections

against the taking of life, liberty, estate (property)

• PETITION OF RIGHT• AN EMERGING PARLIAMENT DEMANDS MORE

POWER – 1628• No martial law, no quartering troops w/o consent,

no taxes w/o parliament’s consent

ENGLISH INFLUENCEENGLISH DOCUMENTS

• ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS • GREAT RESTRICTIONS PUT ON THE

MONARCHY (William and Mary) BY THE PARLIAMENT – 1689

• Prohibited a standing army in peacetime, required all parliamentary elections to be free, no cruel and unusual punishment

• King and Queen had to have consent of Parliament for most actions

VIDEO-America; The Story of Us. “Rebels”• WHO WERE SOME OF THE FIRST PEOPLE TO ARRIVE

IN AMERICA? WHY DID THEY COME?• WHY DID THE BRITISH COLONIZE AMERICA?• WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE DIFFERENT

AMERICAN COLONIES?• WHAT MEN ARE CONSIDERED TO BE OUR

FOUNDING FATHERS? (LIST THEM)• WHY DID THEY BECOME REVOLUTIONARIES?• WHAT WAS THE REACTION TO EVENTS LIKE THE

STAMP ACT, AND BOSTON MASSACRE. WHY?• HOW DID THIS SET INTO MOTION THE EVENTS THAT

WOULD LEAD TO REVOLUTION?

COLONIAL EXPERIENCES

• REASONS TO COLONIZE

• EXPERIENCE WHILE COLONISTS

• IMPACT OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

COLONIAL EXPERIENCES“SHAPING AMERICAN VALUES”

• REASONS TO COLONIZE• All 13 born out of its own circumstances• Desperate people looking for a chance,

financial investment (employees), freedom of religion

• All shaped by English origins • All created on a CHARTER (written grant of

authority by King

COLONIAL EXPERIENCES“SHAPING AMERICAN VALUES”

• EXPERIENCE WHILE COLONIES • Successes achieved through effort,

cooperation, persistence, initiative, creativity


• First colony Virginia at Jamestown 1607.• Commercial venture• First colonists were employees of the Virginia

Company (a private trading company)• Massachusetts settled by people seeking

religious freedom• Georgia settled by debtors, as a refuge for the

victims of England’s harsh poor laws.


• By 1775, there were 8 Royal Colonies.• Subject to the direct control of the Crown.• NH, MA, NY, NJ, VA, NC, SC, GA


- By 1775, there were 3 proprietary colonies:- Organized by a person whom the King had

given a grant of land.- Gave the proprietor power over the colony.- Maryland (1682 to Lord Baltimore)- Pennsylvania (1681 to William Penn)- Delaware (1682 to William Penn)


• 1662 and 1663 Connecticut and Rhode Island were charter colonies granted to the colonists themselves and largely self governing.

COLONIAL EXPERIENCES- The colonial experience and

other variables led the colonists to want to continue governing themselves

- England wished to establish its control of the colonies


- The colonial experience helped to develop great pride, an appreciation of self, and a suspicion of government

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• Was part of the larger conflict known as the Seven Years' War, was a war fought in North America between 1754 and 1763.

• The name French and Indian War refers to the two main enemies of the British.

• The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict.

• The colonists fought as allies of the British and felt they played a significant role in driving France from North America.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR• CHANGES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

ENGLAND AND THE COLONIES.• HOW DO THE COLONIES NOW SEE ENGLAND?• THE COLONIES SEE ENGLAND AS LESS NEEDED

THAN EVER BEFORE.• HOW DOES ENGLAND NOW SEE THE COLONIES?• ENGLAND SEES THE COLONIES AS AN

INVESTMENT THAT SHOULD NOW BE PAYING DIVIDENDS.

French and Indian War

• A Conflict of interests is looming•Why might the colonists feel

less dependant on Britain after the French and Indian War?

Essay Questions

• The Declaration of Independence states that all men are endowed “with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”. Is this statement a fact or opinion? Explain.

• What problems arose from changes in British policy toward the colonies in the 1760s?

THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

• STAMP ACT (1765) “No Taxation w/o representation”– British justify taxation with victory in French and

Indian War• BOSTON MASSACRE (March 5, 1770)• TEA PARTY (December 16, 1773)

• Revolution looming!

REVOLUTION• HOW WOULD DEFINE REVOLUTION?• a sudden, complete or marked change in something

• WHAT CHANGED DURING THE 1760 & 70’S• Colonist’s attitudes toward England and willingness to

fight for independence.

• WHAT EVENTS CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWING DESIRE TO FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE?

• STAMP ACT, BOSTON MASSACRE, BOSTON TEA PARY, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• Was a test of wills and commitment. • Not so much that General Washington and the

Continental Army won great victories.• But rather they were determined and

outlasted the British Army.

• Worksheet CH 2, ST 2

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE• THOMAS JEFFERSON, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams,

Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston

• IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776, The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

• United States of American is born!

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE• Look at the Declaration of Independence on pages

40-43. Answer the following questions.• Part 1 (Preamble). List any “enlightened” concepts

you might find in the Preamble (first 2 paragraphs on Declaration).

• Part 2 (Grievances). Read the list of grievances on pages 40-42. List the 5 grievances that you think are the most important. Briefly explain why you choose each of them.

• Complete the entire Declaration of Independence, answer questions 1-8 on page 43. Do NOT write the questions. You DO NOT have to do “vocabulary”.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE• PART 1• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all

men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government…

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

PART 2LIST OF GRIEVENCES

Read the list of grievances on pages 40-42. List the 5 grievances that you think are the most important. Briefly explain why you choice each of them.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

PART 3We, the Representatives of the united States of

America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States.

* Read the entire Declaration of Independence, answer questions 1-8 on page 43. Do NOT write the questions.

Question?

If you lived during the 1760 and 1770’s, do you think you

would have supported the call for revolution, why or

why not and at what point?

A CRITICAL PERIOD

• JUST BEFORE AND AFTER THE REVOLUTION

• Continental Congress

• AMERICAN REVOLUTION BASICALLY ENDS WITH LORD CORNWALLIS’ SURRENDER AT YORKTOWN

OCT. 1781

• Articles of Confederation (Nov. 15, 1777)

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

Creates only a legislative branch of governmentNo judicial, no executive branches or powers

• STRENGTHS- Provides for the settlement of the west

• WEAKNESSES- no tax, weak defense, no power to regulate trade between states, 1 vote per state (9-13 to pass laws), no executive or judicial branch

John Hanson – First President of the United States?

Daniel Shays

Shay’s Rebellion 1786

• Shay’s Rebellion prompts need for stronger national government• Farmer’s rebelled against Mass. State Gov’t.

Over huge debt, heavy taxes, & foreclosures • Federal Gov.t could not act, MA Gov.t needed

help• Shay’s forces attack the Springfield federal

armory (rifles)• Eventually rebellion was put down by Boston &

Springfield Militia• 1,000 arrested

• Shays and dozens of others would be condemned to death.

• He was later pardoned in 1788.

Problems that led to Shays Rebellion• States taxed each others goods or even

banned trade (like a tariff)• States printed their own money (often without

anything backing it).• Economic chaos – prices soared, sound credit

vanished, debt rose – public and private both went unpaid.

• Violence broke out all over, not just MA.• Demand for stronger national government to

solve problems rose.

PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION• “Framers” of the US Constitution • 55 MEN • WHITE• EDUCATED• PHILADELPHIA• MEET ON MAY 25, 1787

• EACH ARRIVED WITH GOALS AND RESPONSIBILITY TO SATISFY THE PEOPLE BACK HOME.

METHOD OF DECISION MAKING

• ALL WAS TO BE DONE IN SECRET

• DISCUSSION, COMPROMISE, CONSENSUS

• CONSENSUS – 100% AGREEMENT

• WHAT ARE THE POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES RELATED TO THIS TYPE OF DECISION-MAKING?

GREAT DEBATES

• WHO WOULD HAVE POWER? • CENTRAL or LOCAL?

• FEDERALISM (Division of Power)

• Representation; BIG STATES or SMALL STATES? • BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE (Senate/House)

• WITHIN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT?• SEP. OF POWERS/ CHECKS & BALANCES

• PEOPLE AND THE GOVERNMENT? • BILL OF RIGHTS/AMENDMENTS

The Philadelphia Convention

I. The Constitutional Convention Creates a new Constitutiona.Great Compromise – two house legislature

created (Bicameral)• Upper house all state equal representation• Lower house based on population of state

b.Three Fifths Compromise• In response to southern slave population

Federalism

c. Separation of Powers• Distrust for powerful central government• Legislative, executive, and judicial• Checks and balances• Division of federal and state governments

– Powers Granted – Example of Federalism

• Bill of rights – To protect rights of citizens; majority rule vs. minority rights– 10 Amendments

d.Government based on law not royal power or divine right. Religion never even mentioned. God, but no specific religion.

US Constitution

• 7 Articles, 27 Amendments• Worlds Oldest and shortest Constitution• Article I – Powers of Congress• Article II – Powers of President• Article III – Judicial Powers• Article IV – Relationships among states• Article V – Adding an Amendment• Article VI – Public debts, supremacy of national

government over state and local, oaths of office• Article VII – Provisions for ratification of

Constitution

DefineFEDERALISM- a system of government that shares power between a central

government and local governments.

BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE- a 2 house legislature.

SEPERATION OF POWER- The 3 functions of government are each the responsibility of a different

branch

LIMITED GOVERNMENT- The government is restricted in what it can do, by the will of the people.

RATIFICATION

• RATIFY TO FORMALLY APROVE A DOCUMENT.

• GREAT DEBATES FINALLY COME TO CONCLUSIONS

• BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE A GREAT EXAMPLE OF WHY SOME CALL THE CONSTITUTION…

“A BUNDLE OF COMPROMISES”.

RATIFICATION• THE FINAL GREAT DEBATE

• PROTECTION FROM A TOO POWERFULL GOVERNMENT

• WHAT IS USED, TODAY, AS THE ULTIMATE PROTECTION FOR PEOPLE, OFTEN PEOPLE IN A MINORITY?

• THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Quotes

• "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular; and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inferences." --Thomas Jefferson

“The Constitution is not an instrument for the government to restrain the people, it is an instrument for the people to restrain the government — lest it come to dominate our lives and interests”.– PATRICK HENRY

CONSTITUTION

• ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 17, 1787

• RATIFIED JUNE 21, 1788

EFFECTS OF RATIFICATION• LED TO THE EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

• THE FEDERALISTS – G. WASHINGTON, A. HAMILTON, J. ADAMS, J. MADISON. Those that favored ratification. Supported strong central government.

• Stressed weakness of Articles of Confed.

• THE ANTI- FEDERALISTS – T. JEFFERSON, P. HENRY, J. HANCOCK, S. ADAMS Those who opposed ratification.

• Stressed concern over increased power of government and lack of Bill of rights.

• “I look upon that paper as the most fatal plan that could possibly be conceived to enslave a free people” – Patrick Henry

• SENT TO THE STATES FOR APPROVAL.

FEDERALIST PAPERS

• LOGICAL ARGUMENTS WERE MADE• WHY A NEW GOVERNMENT WAS NEEDED• DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE THEY DEVELOPED

• WHY THE PEOPLE SHOULD RATIFY

• MAIN AUTHORSALEXANDER HAMILTON, JAMES MADISON, JOHN JAY

“Framers” of the Constitution Project

CONSTITUTION• LOOK AT THE CHART ON PAGE 57.• WHICH STATES WERE THE MOST UNANIMOUS

TO RATIFY?• WHICH STATE WAS THE FIRST TO RATIFY?• WHICH STATE WAS THE LAST TO RATIFY?• WHICH STATE’S ORIGINAL VOTE TO RATIFY

WAS DEFEATED?• WHICH STATES RATIFICATION WAS WON BY

ONLY A NARROW MARGIN?

Documents

Instructional Goal SWBAT identify the liberal and conservative point of view on several “hot button” issues