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Instructional Design for the Semantic Web
By: Reuben Tozman
Agenda• Instructional design at its core• What has become and what is becoming of the web? • Examples of evolving learning systems• Information architecture• Building content models
What is Instructional Design? (By the Book)
• Instructional Technology:
– Instructional technology is the systemic and systematic application of strategies and techniques derived from behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist theories to the solution of instructional problems.
– Instructional technology is the systematic application of theory and other organized knowledge to the task of instructional design and development.
The Problem• A lot of our training programs follow a failed paradigm• The field and people who can help this situation are devalued and distracted
The Evolving World Wide Web
255 million – The number of websites as of December 2010.
21.4 million – Added websites in 2010.
Average Google® query response time is roughly one-fourth of a second.
Average blink of an eye is roughly one-tenth of a second.
Did You Know?Google® uses more than 200 signals, including PageRank, to order websites, and updates these algorithms on a weekly basis. For example, Google® offers personalized search results based on your web history and location..
If only Google® understood the content in the pages it referred to you…
Feed MeViral
Help Me Understand
Expose Yourself
Communicate
Dave: Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?HAL: Affirmative, Dave. I read you.Dave: Open the pod bay doors, HAL.HAL: I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that.
Whats Changing?
The Basics•At the heart of the matter, what is the semantic web?
– “the Semantic Web approach instead develops languages for expressing information in a machine processable form." This is perhaps the best way of summing up the Semantic Web -- technologies for enabling machines to make more sense of the Web, with the result of making the Web more useful for humans. Ed Dumbill, 2000
The Promise•What do you think the semantic web offers learners, learning, teaching, etc…?
ExamplesAugmented Reality
Knewton
Xplana
ANAN™
Getting to the promised land
Information Architecture – The Job Ahead
Before you can build context, you need to first deconstruct what’s there already.
Ready?
Breaking Things Apart – The Job Ahead
Step 1 – Reuben Tozman
Step X – Billy Lane
Breaking Things Apart – The Job Ahead
Reuben Tozman
KonstantineKarkanis
ISD
Neuropsychologist
Motorcycling
Nepal Everest
Altitude Sickness
Motorcycling
Billy Lane
INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE- CREATING SCHEMAS BASED ON LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
Breaking Content Down• Deconstruct based on instructional value to learner• Use learning and performance objectives as tools for deconstructing• Learning objectives help identify learning types• Performance objectives help identify learning elements
Breaking Content Down• Consider ‘Learning Types’ as a first level filter you might use for finding information. Example: What processes are there for completing my benefits form• Consider ‘elements’ as the smallest units required to support a type. Example: Steps - Process
ActivityThe organ systems include: • 1. The cardiovascular system (cat) (dog) includes the
heart and blood vessels. The cardiovascular system performs the function of pumping and carrying blood to the rest of the body. The blood contains nutrients and oxygen to provide energy to allow the cells of the body to perform work.
• 2. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes and lymph vessels. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system that helps the body fight off disease. The lymphatic system also works with the cardiovascular system to return fluids that escape from the blood vessels back into the blood stream.
• 3. The digestive system (cat) (dog) includes the mouth, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver and gall bladder. The digestive system absorbs and digests food and eliminates solid wastes from the body.
Learning Objectives•Learners should understand the various canine anatomical systems•Learners should be able to explain how each system works•Learners should be able to analyze problems and recommend solutions
Performance Objectives• Identify two components of the respiratory system
•Describe the function of oxygen and nutrients to the rest of the body when asked.
• Identify the lymphatic system as part of the immune system
•Differentiate between lymph nodes and lymph vessels on a picture showing both
• Identify all the elements of the digestive system
•Troubleshoot digestive problems based on scenarios provided
Creating Schema• Step 1 – Designing Knowledge Types
– Knowledge Type for ‘understand’– Knowledge Type for ‘explain’– Knowledge Type for ‘analyze’
Creating Interactivity• Step 2 – Define Performance Objectives
– Identification and Differentiation (Understanding)– Describing (Explaining)– Troubleshooting (Analyzing)
UnderstandingIdentification orDiffernetiation
Identification Differentiation
Asset - Graphical
MappedComponent 1
Title Description
Correct selection
Instructions
MappedComponent 2
Title Description
Correct selection
MappedComponent 3
Title Description
Correct selection
Instructions
Asset - Graphical
MappedComponent 1
Title Description
MappedComponent 2
Title Description
Correct Feedback
IncorrectFeedback
Creating InteractivityIdentification and Differentiation (Simple)• Point and Click• Drag and Drop• Matching
Identification and Differentiation (Complex)• Memory game that adjusts itself based on a learner’s ability to get items right or wrong.• Problem based learning with multiple pathways.
Developer Interpretation• Start with the biggest group of like information and work toward the smallest. Start with the performance objectives.• Organize the schema so that it give as much meaning to the content as possible.• Develop semantics that have meaning to the organization.• Most important. Keep it simple, keep it about the content not about the layout.
Your TurnLook at Exercise 1 in your workbook.
Can you deconstruct the page into content elements?
Your TurnLook at Main Exercise in your workbook. Try to model any one of these performance objectives:
•Execute a task•Apply a business process•Memorize a policy•Apply a policy to a situation
