Zeigerabfall : Zeiger: puntero, manecilla, aguja abfall: residuos

Zeigerabfall is the phenomonon that the resistance of the acupuncturepunt first seems to be low, but then, over the course of about a minute during which the measuring elektrode is firmly pressed against the acupuncture point, the current indicator falls back (i.e. resistance increases).

Anzeige: indicación, pantalla, mostrar

Optimaldruck: presión optima

Kp: KILOPASCAL

Druck: presion

Frequenz hz: HZ DE FRECUENCIA

Metallpotential: POTENCIAL DEL METAL

Therapie

Aufbau: ESTRUCTURA, CONSTITUCION, ESTRUCTURA, ACUMULACION, SINTESIS

Aufbau

Abbau: REMOCION, DESCOMPOSICION, CATABOLISMO, DESMANTELAMIENTO

W.S.:

Festfrequenz: FRECUENCIA FIJA

Zahnreiz: DOLOR DE DIENTES

Transmitter: TRANSMISOR

Automatik LW82: AUTOMATICO LW82

Punktsuche (VARIOPIT): BUSCADOR DE LUGARES (VARIOPIT)

Diagnose: DIAGNOSTICO

Medikamententest: PRUEBA DE MEDICAMENTOS

Bei LW 82 (CON LW 82)

H/H: hand/ hand

LH/LF: LEFT HAND/ LEFT FOOT

RH/RF: RIGHT HAND/ RIGHT FOOT

F/F: FOOT/FOOT

METALLPOTENTIAL: POTENCIAL DEL METAL

ARBEITSPLATZTEST: TEST DE EXPOSICIÓN OCUPACIONAL

GERÄTETEST: PRUEBA DE EQUIPO

FREQUENZ – EINGABE: FRECUENCIA ENTRADA

ZENTRAL: CENTRAL

Punktsuche (VARIOPIT): BUSCADOR DE LUGARES (VARIOPIT)

VARIOPIT SENSOR: sensor de puntos

Ton: sonido

Schreiber: escriba, escribano

Bildschirm: pantalla

Diagnose 100er eichung: diagnostico calibración a 100

Therapie intensitat: intensidad de la terapia

METALLPOTENTIAL: POTENCIAL DEL METAL

Speicher (strom): Memoria, deposito (corriente)

ARBEITSPLATZTEST: TEST DE EXPOSICIÓN OCUPACIONAL

GERÄTETEST: PRUEBA DE EQUIPO

One version of EAV (ElectroAcupuncture according to Voll) has (as explained under b in the position paper of

the AANP) a holder in which one places small vials with homeopathic remedies.

The idea of EAV is that any reading of an acupuncture point that is (A) too high or (B) too low or (C) shows an

anomalous Zeigerabfall indicates that the acupuncture point, or rather the organ connected to it has something

wrong.

Zeigerabfall is the phenomonon that the resistance of the acupuncturepunt first seems to be low, but then, over

the course of about a minute during which the measuring elektrode is firmly pressed against the acupuncture

point, the current indicator falls back (i.e. resistance increases).

However, if the measurement is repeated by putting a bunch of vials in the holder, the healing rays will

somehow affect the measurement, and if the measurement ‘normalises’ then one knows that the required

medicine is in the holder. One then identifies the active vial, I suppose, by a process of successively halving the

number of vials.

Some research into EAV has been done. I only quote:

M.A. Klein Breteler & J.J. Schipperheyn

De diagnostische waarde van elektroacupunctuur volgens Voll bij

hartaandoeningen

Huisarts en wetenschap 1990, vol. 33 (7), p. 268-272.

In a blinded investigation 37 heart patients and 13 healthy volunteers were examined. 600 acupuncture points

were measured. Because of the presence of cardiac abnormalities 69 of these points should have shown deviant

values. They didn’t.

The points (12 per test subject) were all on the hand. The values of the measurements were corrected for

differences of skin thickness between patients.

Here is the table. The column ‘bad’ means the measured value was either too low, or too high or the

Zeigerabfall too large.

………….bad……… good……….all

sick……….35………….34……….69

healthy…227………..304……..531

Total…….262………..338…….600

I hope you don’t need any calculation to see that this indeed is a wothless method.

Later an electroacupuncturist complained that this research was no good, becasue the patient got medication.

But that is nonsense: damaged valves, infarction scars etc. don’t go away by medication.

There are older researches too, from around 1975, and lots of articles in the superstitious literature.

The Electrodermal Screening TestAccording to traditional Chinese medicine, a form of bodily energy called chi is generated in internal organs and circulates throughout the body, forming paths near the surface of the skin called meridians. This whole-body network is called the meridian system.

 Figure 1.: A traditional diagram of the meridians along on the front of the body. 

 Figure 2. : A modern "acupuncture doll."

Acupuncture points are points on the skin, usually located on meridians, where the circulation of chi can be manipulated.

By stimulating an acupuncture point on the skin through pressure, suction, heat, or needle insertion, the circulation of chi is affected, which in turn affects related internal organs. But this is not the only way to take advantage of the meridian system. The meridian energy flow also carries with it information about internal organs that can be used in diagnosis. This is the basis of the electrodermal screening test (EDST). The device used in the EDST is the electrodermal screening device, or EDSD, which works by measuring electrical resistance and polarization at acupuncture points and meridians. Through these safe, skin-level measurements, it is possible to analyze the bio-energy and bio-information produced by internal organs and systems.

The predecessors to the EDST and EDSD were invented in the 1950's by the German doctor Reinhold Voll whose name is given to another title of this treatment modality, EAV or Electro Acupuncture According to Voll. Dr. Voll originally developed a system of acupuncture point electro-therapeutics, but he soon discovered that when an internal organ's function or structure changes, the performance of the related meridian and acupuncture points also changed, and that this change could be measured using a device. Voll used a device called the Dermatron, but all similar devices can be used for diagnosis and medicine testing. The core of the EDSD is an ohm meter designed to deliver approximately 10-12 microamperes of direct electrical current at 1-1.25 volts, a very small and perfectly safe amount of energy. On the majority of the devices the meter is calibrated to read from 0 to 100 such that the standard skin resistance of 100 kilo-ohms reads 50.

Measuring electrical resistance on a acupoint using the EDSD.

There are two cables coming out of the EDSD, one positive and one negative. The positive lead is attached to a stylus with an electrode tip. The doctor holds the stylus by the insulated handle and presses the tip against one of the patient's acupuncture points. The patient holds a hand electrode in their free hand. During the measurement the patient and the EDSD form a closed circuit, allowing energy and information to flow from the EDSD to the probe, through the patient to the hand electrode, and back to the EDSD. The EDSD reading is a measurement of how much energy makes it through the circuit (the lower the resistance the higher the reading). A reading taken with the EDSD is usually described using two values, the initial reading (generally the highest value) and the indicator drop (ID). An initial reading of approximately 50 followed by little or no indicator drop is considered "good". Initial readings below 45 or above 60 and substantial IDs are all considered bad signs. After the initial stimulus (the initial reading) two things occur: cells become polarized, which increases resistance, and the affected cells work to maintain their natural, unpolarized state. An ID is the result of the polarization of cells that are weakened and can not maintain there own balance.

A typical examination with the EDSD begins with the four quadrant measurements (hand to hand, foot to foot, right hand to foot, and left foot to foot) which are measurements of whole-body energy levels. These are followed by a check of the 40 control measurement points (CMPs), one for each of the 40 meridians located on the hands and feet, some of which are traditional and some of which were discovered by Voll. The CMPs show the general condition of everything associated with that meridian, and the 40 hand and foot meridians cover virtually every body part and function, so an examination of 40 CMPs alone offers the doctor a very good overview of a patient's condition. The other points along a meridian are called branch points and are checked if the CMP reading is bad. They offer more specific information than the CMP. For example, the branch points on the two heart meridians include the aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve, conduction system, and coronary arteries. A problem in the coronary arteries would probably affect the circulation CMP and the coronary arteries branch point, but not other points.

Medicine TestingWhen a point is located that reads below 50, above 60, or has an ID, various reagents can be tested in a process called medicine testing. In 1945, Reinhold Voll discovered by accident that a medicine placed in contact with a patient's body effects the readings of an electro-dermal screening device (EDSD).

"I diagnosed one colleague as having chronic prostatitis and advised him to take a homeopathic preparation called Echinaceae 4x. He replied that he had this medication in his office and went to get it. When he returned with the bottle of Echinaceae in his hand, I tested the prostate measurement point again and made the discovery that the point reading which previously was up to 90 had decreased to 64, which was an enormous improvement of the prostate value. I had the

colleague put the bottle aside and the previous measurement value returned. After holding the medication in his hand the measurement value went down to 64 again, and this pattern repeated itself as often as desired." [Voll: The Phenomenon of Medicine Testing in Electro-acupuncture According to Voll]

While checking branch points can be used to specify more refined locations of the disturbance, medicine testing serves to specify etiology and selection of medications for treatment. Medicine testing is performed on any abnormal points that are not balanced. The doctor's goal is to find one or a combination of reagents that will balance the point, i.e. cause the point tested to exhibit a "good" reading and to not have an ID.

Reagent samples are usually sealed in glass containers. The medicine or biological compound to be tested is placed in the circuit of the EDSD measurement. This can be done by placing it on an aluminum plate or container attached to the negative lead of the EDSD or simply by having the patient hold the sample. All matter, including medicine, has a vibratory signal which is distinct from all other types of matter. This signal enters the patient with the current and reacts with the signals within the patient, often changing the reading. A reagent that balances the reading will probably have a positive effect and can be considered for use as a medicine or dietary supplement. No response implies that the reagent would have no effect, and a worsening response implies a negative effect. For example, pancreas CMP readings of a person with diabetes will become balanced when the proper dose of insulin is placed within the circuit and will show a larger ID if refined sugar is put there. In this way medicines and dosages can be tried out without the medicine actually being ingested. This process can also be used to test for the presence of contaminants and allergies.

A good example of this is Voll's description of the case of a patient with chronic pyelitis. Another doctor had prescribed 2 different types of antibiotics, terramycin and aureomycin, and Dr. Voll was curious to see if both were necessary and what side effects there might be.

"I began testing and saw that the terramycin only affects the right kidney and the aureomycin only the left kidney and not vice versa.... At the same time I discovered that when the patient first held the terramycin capsules and the aureomycin capsules, indicator drops for the small intestine and colon occurred as a sign of a disturbed intestinal flora caused by the medications. Furthermore the entire values of the endocrine system, i.e., the values of the Triple Heater meridian, decreased below 50. This explained to me why fatigue occurs again and again after antibiotic treatment since this sort of treatment renders the entire hormonal system temporarily insufficient. " [Voll: The Phenomenon of Medicine Testing in Electro-acupuncture According to Voll]

A theoretical model for medicine testing's mechanism of action has been developed by the Physicist Kuo-Gen Chen. All matter has a vibrational signal, including medicines, other biological reagents, and the organs and tissues of the body. When the DC current passes through the potential space of the medicine, it becomes phase modulated, carrying the vibrational signal of the medicine with it into the body. This vibrational information then reacts with vibrational patterns already existing within the body, resulting in quasi phase matching with constructive or destructive resonance, which in turn brings about an instantaneous change in the subtle energetic properties of the point being measured.

Medicine testing can be used to test any medicine or supplement administered to patients, including allopathic, homeopathic, nutritional and herbal medicines. Most physicians use the EDSD as an adjunct to their practice. Homeopathic preparations, however, appear to be particularly useful. They are made by diluting and shaking an original substance in a process called "potentization", often to the point where not a single molecule of the original substance remains in the preparation. What remains is the vibrational signature of the original substance stored in water. Homeopathic remedies seem to work extremely well in the EDST because they are distilled samples of vibrational information with an information content that is clearer than other medicines. Though it can not yet be substantiated, medicine testing suggests that there is a similarity between the information in homeopathic remedies and the biological information that circulates through the body, primarily through the meridian system. Research in this direction may eventually lead to the verification of homeopathy's mechanism of action.

The two types of homeopathic preparations used most often in the EDST are standard remedies which are made mostly from plant matter, and nosodes, a type of remedy which is made from diseased tissue samples. Standard remedies were selected because they elicit in healthy people the same symptoms as the condition they are supposed to treat. For example, Allium Cepa, a homeopathic remedy for the common cold, causes a sore throat, runny nose, tearing, and congestion in a healthy individual. Nosodes often work similarly to standard remedies in that they cause a set of symptoms in the healthy but can counteract disease in the ill. Nosodes and standard remedies often have a similar effect during medicine testing. For example, in a person with the cold, there is a good chance that either a cold virus nosode or the remedy Allium Cepa will balance points on effected meridians

Nosodes are particularly useful in determining many pathological illnesses. For example, if a point responds positively when tested with an Epstein Bar nosode, then that virus, at least in a latent form, is affecting the system associated with that measurement point. When a new virus, bacteria, or any other disease that takes a physical form is discovered, one can easily prepare nosodes for screening and energetic treatment. A nosode, remedy, or combinations, identified by medicine testing can be taken directly, or one can make a "recording" of their vibrational information in pure water or normal saline solution. The effect of original and recorded nosodes is usually very similar, though doctors generally prefer the originals.

One will often find that a medicine that balances one point will balance others as well. It would be optimal to find one medicine that would adequately balance all unbalanced points. Unlike classical homeopathy which emphasizes single remedy treatments however, it is common practice in EDST medicine testing and treatment to combine various homeopathic preparations. Nonetheless, the goal should be to prescribe as few remedies for the patient as possible.

Allergy TestingOne of the most popular and effective uses of medicine testing is allergy testing. The results of EDST allergy testing have been compared to standard diagnostic modalities (RAST, serum IGE, intra-dermal allergy skin testing, food rechallenge testing, and allergy history analysis). EDST medicine testing of allergies was shown to be as accurate and effective as any of these. EDST results were similar to food rechallenge testing, which is widely considered the most effective of the standard methods.

Vegatest Method of Medicine TestingThe Vegetative Reflex Test (VRT) or Vegatest testing method is a form of biological function diagnosis developed by Helmut Schimmel of West Germany. The Vegatest varies from the standard EAV-based EDST in important ways, including device design, measured response range, utilization of fewer measurement points, and richer applications of medicine testing. The Vegatest device includes a signal amplifier called the test point regulator which is inserted between the meter input and the meter itself. Meter sensitivity can then be adjusted such that a normal reading (a mid-scale reading on standard EDSDs) reaches the top of the scale. With this arrangement, small changes in impedance indicating increased resistance at the measurement point will show wider scale reading differences, which greatly increases the device's sensitivity to impedance changes near normal reading values.

In the Vegatest, very few points are used, but a larger repertoire of homeopathic testing solutions are used. Medicine testing is used to determine both the location and cause of imbalances. In general, an entire examination is done using only one point, most often allergy 1, connective tissue degeneration 1, triple warmer 1 right, or triple warmer 1 left. Proponents claim that the Vegatest is just as thorough and dependable as the standard EDST, though much less time-consuming. Drawbacks to the Vegatest system include the cost and space required by the large selection of testing solutions

EAV and DentistryIn his research, Dr. Voll found that every tooth relates to different organs and tissues within the body. For example, the canine tooth was found to be related to the eye, liver, and gall bladder, and the front teeth to the bladder and reproductive organs. So if, for example, someone were to have a root canal in one of the front teeth, that tooth may affect the ovary or uterus and it may in fact be the underlying problem. It is a two way street in that problems in the organs can affect the teeth, and problems in the teeth can affect the organs. So when dental work is done on specific teeth the underlying organ needs to be supported. EAV also is used before and after the removal of amalgam. Silver fillings in the mouth which are fifty percent mercury are a very great problem. Mercury leaches into all parts of the body from the mouth. Studies have shown that the amount of mercury in the brain of autopsied patients directly correlates to the amount found in the mouth. EAV can be used to screen for heavy metals, including mercury toxicity. It can also be used to check the effect that root canals are having on the corresponding organs. EAV is the best way to find a cavitation or a hole remaining in the bone after removal of a tooth. Cavitations become a focus for problems in corresponding organs. Dr. Voll felt that 80% of all health problems had major causes in the oral cavity. So this means that the dentist is an integral part of the healing process.

ConclusionIn conclusion, the EDST is one of the most thorough, powerful, and promising modern, holistic medical/diagnostic methodologies. The EDST succeeds at addressing the body holistically for a number of reasons:

1. A standard EDST examination enables the doctor to quickly and safely collect information on 40 different individual systems. In other words, all of the body's individual parts are covered in an examination.

2. The bio-information signal read by the EDSD is a very direct and true description of the condition of the body because it is created by the body.

3. The meridian network regulates or at least participates in every type of bodily function, so naturally it is a very good means by which to monitor the function of the whole body.

4. Medicine testing allows the doctor to test any and every type of medication on the individual patient, including those made from herbs, metals, nosodes, or sarcodes. This allows the doctor to explore all types of available treatment and determine possible side effects with no risk to the patient.

EAV NO SIRVE PARA DX , SIRVE PARA FORMULAR ADECUIADAMENTE EL MANEJO.

Energy Devices That Can Diagnose and Treat Your IllnessesJuly 17, 2008 | 37,176 views

Many natural health experts believe that your body is not only made up of tissue, blood vessels and organs. It’s also composed of energy, or chi as it’s called in traditional Chinese medicine, which is produced by your organs. 

This energy is circulated through your body along specific meridians, and when points on your skin that correspond to certain meridians are manipulated, the energy circulation and your internal organs are affected.

It used to be that the only way to manipulate these points involved invasive practices such as acupuncture. Then, in the 1950s, Dr. Reinhold Voll discovered that you could test electrical skin resistance and gain information about your chi in a completely non-invasive way. And this marked the beginning of electrodermal screening. Dr. Voll is generally regarded as the “father” of this type of assessment.

If an electrodermal screening finds that certain meridian points are out of balance there are numerous ways, such as massage therapy, herbal medicine and homeopathy, to bring them back into homeostasis.

Dr. William LaValley actually learned this information from Dr. Voll, among many others, and has mastered the skill of using homeopathy to balance your chi. 

It’s About Balancing Your Energy, Not Diagnosing

There’s a bit of a misconception that electcrodermal screening is intended to diagnose. In reality, it’s only intended to rebalance your chi, not diagnose anything.

“A diagnosis is made by an entire clinical picture and the electro-dermal screening is just a subset of that clinical picture and it is inherently subjective, it’s a subjective tool. It is not objective,” Dr. LaValley says.

For this reason, electrodermal screening is only as successful as its practitioner.

“Let’s say that the practitioner uses the electro-dermal screening tool and tests on the large intestine meridian and finds a resonance or a matching with the homeopathic extract that is for a type of

parasite,” Dr. LaValley says.

“Many of the electro-dermal screening practitioners will say, ‘Oh, well, that means you have that parasite.’ And that is absolutely untrue and there’s no way to prove that unless you prove it by conventional means … This failure of logic is so pervasive and so flagrant that many practitioners actually believe it themselves,” he says.

“The way that I use the tool is, I don’t make any diagnosis from that. What I do is use the tool to help me select what combination of homeopathic prescription remedies I can use to stabilize and equalize the acupuncture energy, meaning to now find what were unequal and unstable skin resistance readings to now get them all to be equal when compared to each other and then to be stable rather than fluctuating,” Dr. LaValley continues.

And it is this energy stability that is associated with robust health.

Thinking About an Energy Assessment?

There are a number of different instruments available to have an energy assessment, but most of these instruments are descendants of equipment developed by Dr. Voll.

While I strongly believe energy assessment tools are one of the most sensitive biological indicators available today, most all of them are highly dependent upon the skill of the practitioner.

I have had a number of different assessments done by various clinicians, but one of the best was done by Dr. Lee Cowden, one of the current leaders in energy medicine in the United States. I will tell my story in the near future, but through this technology he was able to actually reverse a progressive kidney insufficiency that was moving toward kidney failure. 

I am happy to report that after struggling with this issue for over eight years as a result of improperly removed mercury fillings, only one session with him and implementing his recommendations has resulted in nearly complete remission of my kidney challenge.

So, needless to say, I am a strong believer in energy medicine and would personally always use it over conventional modalities. 

However, the science supporting these tools is weak and it can’t be broadly recommended for all. Plus, there really aren’t enough skilled clinicians like Dr. Cowden or Dr. LaValley to perform these assessments. So please keep that in mind when considering the use of these tools. And, if you do decide to go forward, be sure you strive to find a highly experienced, highly recommended practitioner to perform your energy assessment.

The Past, Present, And Future Of The Electrodermal Screening System (EDSS)

© Professor Julia J. Tsuei MD, FACOGMore Sharing

ServicesShare (Excerpted from Journal of Advancement in Medicine, Volume 8, Number 4, Winter 1995)

ABSTRACT: The author presents the past, present, and possible future

of the Electrodermal Screening System (EDSS), EDS Test (EDST), and EDS Device (EDSD), and relates them to procedures that preceded them: traditional acupuncture based on meridian theory and electro-acupuncture according to Voll. The author and others have produced a body of scientific data and literature that demonstrate efficacy of the EDSS and offers plausible mechanisms of action. Use of the EDSS and EDSD for diagnostic screening and their possible integration into a modern health care system are reported.

IntroductionSafe and inexpensive diagnosis by skin level measurements may be superior to present imaging techniques which give limited information. An instrument is needed that can be expected to do this reliably and effectively (1), a role that is filled by the EDSD. Its acceptance will not come easily and requires adequate research evidence.

The EDST, is a testing process in which measurements are taken with the EDSD. Together they form the EDSS, a general term that stands for all the components. The device, the test procedure and the system are integrally related and cannot be separated. They must be understood together.

The EDSS is theoretically based upon bioenergy (chi) and traditional meridians which represent the paths of flow of this energy. The obvious way to prove that such energy exists is by using a device which measures it. This is what the EDSD can do. This article reviews the history, methodology and the current state of modern research in this field of investigation.

HistoryBiological energy, known as "chi" in traditional Chinese medicine, is generated in internal organs and flows through channels near the skin surface, known as meridians. Acupuncture points, generally located on meridians, are where the flow of the energy can be manipulated. The stimulation at these points by various means affects the energy circulation, thus producing secondary effects in connected organs and systems (2).

The use of the word "systems" as used hereon refers to the source areas of bio-energy in body organs and systems. It is not to be confused with the "meridian system" which refers to the complete network of meridians. A meridian, which includes the structure of the system of origin, the function of that system, the electromagnetic pathway and its emotional-vibrational interaction, can be conceived individually or as part of an intricate network. The synergistic totality of the meridian system is fundamental.

Although various mechanisms to explain acupuncture are offered, the electromagnetic model fits best. Analogically the systems can be compared with energy fields connected by wiring. A small "dose" of electromagnetic energy introduced through an acupuncture point flows to the connected system and affects it. Anything that alters system function or structure changes the energy flow through the "wiring" and the EDSD measures the resistance and polarization at the affected acupuncture points. It thus provides a picture of the balance of related systems that are interconnected through the "wiring."

Voll (3) was an early investigator who applied low voltage currents to acupuncture points in humans. His device was called the Diatherapuncteur, but the Dermatron (Pitterling Electronics, Munich) has

replaced it. Voll's original goal was therapeutic electroacupuncture but he noted that the low voltage emitted by his device caused a response at the acupuncture point which reflected the condition of the associated system. Thus, it could be used in diagnosis and monitoring of a patient's health status and became known as electroacupuncture according to Voll (EAV). This was the revolutionary aspect of EAV which has led to development of EDST.

Most written material on EAV is devoted to location of measuring points and how measurements are made and interpreted (3-12). They generally lack appropriate referencing and are difficult to locate. Voll used EAV in conjunction with homeopathy, thus increasing the scientific credibility gap. We are perfectly well aware of such shortcomings and intend to address them. Voll was also well aware that research was needed (13).

The Device and MethodAll EDSDs share the same basic design and functional use. The core is an ohm meter which delivers 10-12 microamperes of direct current at 1-1.25 volts. Since the ionization potential of hydrogen atoms is 1.36 volts, this is perfectly safe. In most devices the meter is calibrated to read from 0 to 100 so that the standard skin resistance of 100 kilo-ohms reads 50. Zero represents infinite resistance and 100 indicates zero resistance at this electrical potential. Some devices read from 0 to 200 and 100 indicates normal skin resistance (14,15). The testing probe is an insulated body with a tip of brass or silver connected to the positive side of the circuit. This, held by the operator, is pressed firmly on the patient's skin at the measurement point. A brass hand electrode is held by the patient and connected to the negative side of the circuit. A metal plate, for medicine testing, is inserted between the EDSD and the patient's hand electrode (Figure 1).

Figure 1.A simple schematic diagram of an EDSD.

Training in the use of the probe is essential (3). Point location must be accurate, and the probe must be applied at the correct angle. Appropriate pressure must be applied during measurement which may take as long as 60 seconds. This pressure can be from 600 to 2000 PSI depending on tip design and may create a temporary dimple. It may be slightly uncomfortable but should not be painful. Moistening the probe tip and the hand electrode ensures good electrical contact. Repeated measurements, the time taken for each and the time between them affects readings (16) (Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 2.Photograph of a point measurement.

Figure 3.Photograph of a patient during a four quadrants measurement.

Measuring involves two components, the initial reading, which is generally the highest, and what is known as the indicator drop (ID), a gradual fall in the original reading. An initial reading of aproximately 50, followed by little or no ID is considered to be "balanced." Initial readings over 60 may indicate inflammation of the connected system. Readings below 45 may indicate degeneration. When an ID is present it is considered to provide the most important information as an indi-cator of system disease. Using "medicine testing," the ID can be used to define the cause of imbalance (Figure 4).

Figure 4.Five examples of typical readings taken with the EDSD.

There are 850 measurement points (4) on the body, but most mea-surements use points along 40 meridians on the hands and feet, gen-erally located between the diaphysis and capitulum of the phalanx, metacarpal or metatarsal bones (Figure 5).

Figure 5.

Examples of measurement point locations on the right foot.

Voll discovered new meridians, new measuring points and new functions of existing points, although his understanding and use of meridians was generally in agreement with Chinese tradition. His "new" meridians relate to joints, skin, fibrous and fatty tissues, se-rous membranes, pyramidal and autonomic nervous systems, lymph system, capillary circulation and allergic reactions.

Branch points, many of which were discovered by Voll, help in pin-pointing the exact location of abnormal function. For example, the branch points on the two heart meridians, one on each hand, include all the heart valves, the conduction system and coronary arteries. By combining readings from different points, a more exact definition of the affected tissue is possible.

The EDST begins with examination of whole-body energy levels represented in 4 quadrants, hand-to-hand, foot-to-foot, right hand-to-foot and left hand-to-foot, using brass tube hand and brass plate foot electrodes. The probe is then used at the control measurement points (CMP) to determine the general condition of a meridian. Branch points are checked if there is a positive reading at the CMP or if symptoms suggest it, regardless of CMP readings. When an ID oc-curs, various reagents can be tested by placing them one by one on the test plate in the circuit in an effort to restore balance by abolish-ing the ID. Each reagent sample is sealed in a glass container.

Selection of test reagents is based on medical knowledge and experience and may require a combination. Reagents that abolish the ID may be found to be appropriate as a medication or as a nutritional supplement. No change suggests ineffective choice, while an increased ID suggests that the choice would be harmful. For example, in a diabetic, a proper dose of insulin would improve or abolish the ID, whereas refined sugar would increase it. Medicine testing is controversial but may be the most promising aspect of the EDSS (12,13,17). Voll, who discovered the phenomenon, used it in conjunction with homeopathy and its effectiveness in testing homeopathic remedies has been published (16,18). They are particularly useful reagents since they are prepared in various dilutions which increases the likelihood of finding an appropriate "resonance," to be discussed below.

This kind of procedure has been shown to be effective in testing herbal and allopathic drugs (18,19) and is successful in testing for allergy (20,21), the presence of environmental xenobiotics like insecticides (22) and the effect of biologically active substances.

Theoretical Basis and Holistic ApproachThe EDSS is based on electromagnetic physics and quantum mechanics and this is well documented (23-25). Bio-energy, bio-information and harmonic resonance represent the biophysical foundation of its use. All living creatures generate energy containing biological information which flows in specific tracks throughout the organism. The cell mass in a given organ creates informational energy when the organ functions, giving rise to resonance. There is therefore a direct relationship between quality of organ function and the energy generated.

The initial reading in the EDST measures the energy generated by the connected system. The form and time elapsed in the ID and its manipulation through medicine testing represent the information contained. If system function is normal there will be electrical equilibrium

between the EDSD generated voltage and the system. There will be no ID. On the other hand, if the system cannot maintain equilibrium, resistance will increase and there will be an ID. During medicine testing, it is the informational energy in the reagent that causes equilibrium to be established, thus abolishing the ID.

Bio-energy and its relationship with acupuncture points and meridians has been confirmed (26-28). Areas of increased electrical conductivity on the skin are known to correspond with them (29-32) and scintillation scanning of radioactive tracers injected at acupuncture points reveals patterns of energy flow separate from blood and lymph circulation (33). A definite relationship has been shown to exist between a meridian and its associated system and other bio-energetic relationships have been found to exist between the exterior and interior of the body (34-38).

Bio-information research is new, but all matter has its own unique vibratory signal (39). It is possible to record the vibrational information of a given substance in water and use the water for treatment (40,41), information which can also be carried by photon and electron beams (42). Storage and transport of this information is almost certainly biophysical rather than biochemical, though its exact nature is still uncertain. Theories include L-fields (43) and biophoton emission (44). A plausible mechanism for medicine testing has been suggested (45) based upon quasi phase matching, or resonance, between the test system and the reagent. Chen (personal communication) has suggested that all biological systems communicate through similar quantum-mechanical processes.

It has been suggested that resonance energy of this nature is dispersed throughout the body so that resonance of one organ has a profound influence on function of other organs and systems. Thus, every system influences and is influenced by other systems. Any organ dysfunction affects the whole body and this always needs consideration in therapy.

As an analogy, one violinist in a large orchestra playing out of tune will make the whole violin section sound bad. Should the other violinists in the section decide to play out of tune with their colleague, the section will then be in tune with each other, but not with the orchestra, causing maladjustments by musicians in other sections. This generally does not happen in an orchestra because all its musicians know what harmonic values they need to produce in relationship to each other and constantly adjust. Constant adjustment, or "tuning," in the body maintains the harmony of normal function.

Disease is induced by a lack of harmony, and abnormal function in any part of the body affects the whole organism, sometimes resulting in secondary dysfunction. This is particularly true of degenerative diseases such as AIDS and cancer. Mainstream medicine emphasizes structure and function, rarely addressing the electro-chemical mechanisms affecting the whole organism. For this reason it is usually incapable of effectively treating such conditions. The EDSS addresses whole body function because the bio-information read by the EDSD provides factual data which reflect on the condition of every part of the body. Using a computer, these data can be stored and analyzed, permitting repeated evaluations over time and even across generations.

Current ResearchWe have completed over 20 studies using the EDSS, 8 of which are translated into English. In the first study, 11 patients receiving treatment in a family practice were observed. Conditions seen included peptic ulcer, appendicitis, chronic chorea, and cancer of the colon, breast and uterus. In every case, readings taken with EDSD matched standard diagnostic tests (46). In another study, allergy symptoms were assessed by standard diagnostic methods. Testing with EDST correlated closely with accepted criteria, particularly the food rechallenge test, considered the most reliable method of testing for food allergies (20).

After further refinement of the EDST and standardization of the EDSD, data from 483 healthy individuals were studied (47). Quadrant measurements, which assess general biologic energy, did relate to age and sex. Point measurement did not, not particularly surprising since they represent energy and balance in a specific system at the time of measurement. Little or no variation due to these two variables would be expected.

We have studied chronic fatigue syndrome (48), and pesticide exposure (22). Measurement readings at points representing circulation improved significantly after half an hour of chi-kung meditation exercise (49). We have reported on two major studies in diabetes mellitus (50,51) and one on hypertension (52). It was clearly shown that it was possible to differentiate normal from abnormal organ and system function by measuring bioenergy at a few specific points.

EDST as a Screening ToolIt is possible to control sensitivity and specificity for screening purposes. In the hypertension study (52), readings were taken on all 428 subjects at the 40 CMPs and 24 branch points. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the measurements. Readings at 10 points were found to be affected by hypertension much more than the other points, most of which were on the pericardium meridian.

These 10 points were then used to create a screening model for hypertension and the data originally collected were reassessed using this model. If a positive reading were defined as an ID of only 2 or more, more positive tests would indicate screening relatively high sensitivity and low specificity. If only IDs of at least 5 or more were considered positive, screening specificity would increase and sensitivity decrease. The range of possible results of various combinations of screening criteria is defined with a statistical value called the cutoff value. When the cut-off value of the hypertension screening mode is 0.53, the correction rate is 73.42%, sensitivity 47.93X, specificity 89.23% and odd value is 7.62. Any cut-off value, that is any point along the x-axis, could be selected (Figure 6), thus determining specificity and sensitivity.

Figure 6.Possible screening results attained using an EDSD based hypertension screening process.

Although increased specificity results in false negative readings and increased sensitivity increases false positives, the flexibility offered by this system is invaluable, particularly when medical resources are at a minimum.

Integration of Holistic and Modern MedicineAs we have said, many diseases can only be understood and properly treated by analysis of the whole patient. Although traditional and modern methods are used together by many physicians, the two methods have never been fully integrated. This is possible with the EDSS because it is historically connected to Chinese medical tradition which shares similarities with traditional medicine as practiced throughout the world. It is also truly modern and has a scientific foundation, is

computerized, and produces data that are quantifiable and reproducible. Based on advanced physics, it is arguably more modern than the mechanistic and biochemical models that dominate current medical thought.

At our clinic, a comprehensive method of studying new patients has been developed. Quadrant measurements determine the general balance of the whole body, and CMP measurements determine the balance of the 20 meridians. Medicine testing is used to determine the cause of any imbalanced meridians. The aging process is monitored by measuring the levels of contaminants in the body, the free radicals or homotoxins in Reckeweg's homotoxological theory (53). Emotional states and moods are monitored by measuring the electrodermal reaction to floral essence samples.

This assessment takes approximately 2 hours, giving body/mind information and environmental effects all at the same time, offering a complete picture of the patient. By selecting the best components from holistic and allopathic methodology perhaps the question of matter versus energy might be settled as an approach to treatment.

AcknowledgmentsThe author would like to thank Professors Kuo-Gen Chen and BinHsin Yang, and Dr. F.M.K. Lam Jr. for technical assistance; also Christopher Chalfant for his help in editing. This research was made possible with the support of the Foundations for East-West Medicine, Taipei and Honolulu.

* Dr. Julia J. Tsuei received her medical education in China, Taiwan and the United States, and is a diplomat of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. She has participated in family planning and maternal-child health activities in the WHO and USAID and is a past professor at the University of New York and the University of Hawaii. She currently is at National Yangming University, Taiwan, where she established the Graduate Institute of Traditional Medicine in the School of Medicine. She established the foundations for East-West Medicine in Taipei and Honolulu in 1989, to research the integration of traditional and contemporary medicine. Julia J. Tsuei, MD, FACOG, National Yangming University, School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Traditional Medicine, #155 Li-Noon Rd., Sec. 2 Shihpai, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

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