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Institutional settings of a triple Institutional settings of a triple helix: Industry - R&D institution – helix: Industry - R&D institution –
University cooperation for effective University cooperation for effective technology transfer – technology transfer –
An Indian ExperienceAn Indian Experience
Subrata BanerjeeScientist ‘G’
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
Government of India
• Transformation processes in university-industry-R&D relations in recent years
• Institutional spheres of university, industry, and R&D, in addition to performing their traditional functions, each is assuming the roles of the others
• Closer interaction among government, industry and academia, forming a triple helix, is playing an increasingly important role in S&T
• Triple Helix is mainly of a collaborative nature
Triple Helix : Cooperation for effective Tech. transferTriple Helix : Cooperation for effective Tech. transfer
• S&T Infrastructure • Science & Technology Policy involving setting up of
chain of R&D labs all over India• Major Scientific Agencies :
o DRDO – 50 laboratorieso DOS – 8 laboratorieso ICAR – 70 laboratorieso DAE – 15 laboratorieso CSIR – 39 laboratorieso DST – 20 Scientific Institutionso ICMR – 25 laboratories
• Industry• DSIR operates schemes recognizing R&D units of industry• 1205 recognized R&D units and over 500 recognized SIRO’s
as on March, 2006.
TRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIOTRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIO
• Sector-wise break up of Industry
• Sector-wise break up of SIRO’s
TRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIOTRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIO
Agricultural Sciences - 40
Medical Sciences - 190
Natural & Applied Sciences - 200
Social Sciences - 100
Universities/Colleges - 20
Chemical & Allied Industries - 500
Electrical & Electronic Industries - 280
Mechanical Engineering Industries - 185
Processing Industries - 150
Agro & Food Processing Industries & Others - 90
TRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIOTRIPLE HELIX – INDIAN SCENARIO
• Academia – Strong Academia Base 250,000 S&T Personnel each year
310 university level institutions
7 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
6 Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
Prestigious Indian Institute of Science
15 National Institutes of Technology
15000 colleges for imparting specialized
education in different disciplines (AICTE)
Investment on R&D and Innovation in IndiaInvestment on R&D and Innovation in IndiaInvestment on R&D and Innovation in IndiaInvestment on R&D and Innovation in India
National Expenditure on R&D increased from Rs. 89,136.1 million in 1967 to Rs. 129,015.4 million in 1998-99
National Investment on R&D activities – Rs. 180,000 million in 2002-03 and Rs. 216,390 million in 2004-05
In 2002-03, 84.1% R&D expenditure incurred by 12 scientific agencies including CSIR, DRDO, DAE, DBT, DST, DOS, DOD, ICAR, ICMR, MICT, MNES
Total investment on R&D by industrial sector increased from Rs. 4,505.6 million in 1985-86 to Rs. 52,000 million in 2004-05
Technology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in IndiaTechnology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in IndiaTechnology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in IndiaTechnology Transfer – Overview and Initiatives in India
• Technology Transfer – form of technology diffusion• Emphasizing contractual relationships• Assignment of the Knowledge content of technology• Dissemination of tacit and codified knowledge
• Technology Transfer through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)• Firms transfer technology through Joint Ventures with local
corporations• R&D institutions in both private and government sector have
developed new technologies which are tested and then available for transfers for commercialization
OVERVIEW
INITIATIVES
INITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIA
Considerable importance to Science and Technology :
oThrust on S&T reinforced in the Technology Policy Statement (TPS) of Govt. of India announced in January, 1983
oThrust on S&T, R&D and innovations further reinforced through the S&T Policy, 2003
Initiatives taken by Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India :
To facilitate commercialization of R&D Output
Institution based Programmes and Support measures to plug existing gaps :
Fiscal Incentive and Support Measures for Industrial R&D and Innovation Centres
Technology Development and Demonstration Programme (TDDP)
INITATIVES IN INDIAINITATIVES IN INDIA
Drug Development Programme and
Pharmaceuticals Research and Development
Support Fund (PRDSF)
New Millennium India Technology Leadership
Initiative (NMITLI)
Small Business Innovation Research Initiative
(SBIRI)
Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC)
Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP)
Technology Business Incubator (TBI)
Fiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D Centres
• Government taking several measures towards promoting industrial research to establish workable linkages between national labs, educational institutions and industry
ACTION UNDERWAY-• Income Tax relief on R&D expenditure as per
Income-Tax Act• Weighted tax deduction U/s 35 (2AA) of IT Act 1961
for sponsored research programmes• Weighted tax deduction U/s 35 (2AB) of IT Act 1961
on in-house R&D expenditure in chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals etc
Fiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D CentresFiscal Incentives & Measures for Industrial R&D Centres
• Accelerated depreciation allowance under Rule 5(2) of IT Rules on new plant & machinery set up based on indigenous technology
• Customs duty exemption on goods imported by recognized in house R&D units in Govt. funded R&D projects
• Customs duty exemption as specified goods and pharmaceutical standards imported by R&D Units
• Excise waiver for 3 years on good designed and developed by wholly Indian owned company
• 10 years tax holiday to commercial R&D companies approved by the Prescribed Authority (Secretary, DSIR) after 31 March 2000 and before 1 April 2004
• Financial support for R&D Projects
Technology Development and Demonstration ProgrammesTechnology Development and Demonstration ProgrammesTechnology Development and Demonstration ProgrammesTechnology Development and Demonstration Programmes
• Catalyzing and supporting activities relating to technology absorption, adaptation and demonstration including capital goods development by involving industry and R&D organizations and academia
• Innovative technologies are up-scaled from the ‘proof of concept stage’ to ‘pilot/pre-commercial stage’ by the industrial R&D units
Promoting collaborative R&D in drugs and
pharmaceuticals sector involving industries and
institutions
‘Pharmaceuticals Research and Development
Support Fund’ (PRDSF) with an initial corpus of
Rs.1500 million (US $ 35 million) in January, 2004.
The fund will be used for supporting Pharma R&D
projects by extending soft loan @ 3% interest.
Drug Develop Prog. & Pharma. Research & Devp Support Drug Develop Prog. & Pharma. Research & Devp Support (PRDSF)(PRDSF)
• To enable Indian Industry to attain a global leadership position in a few selected niche areas by leveraging innovation-centric scientific and technological developments in different disciplines
• Financial support is provided as a grant to public institutions and as a loan with an interest rate of 3% to private sector companies
New Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLINew Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI
• To boost public-private partnership efforts in the country
• Support to high risk, pre-proof of concept research and late stage development in small and medium companies
• To support private industries and to get them involved in development of such products and processes which have high societal relevance
Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI)Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI)
• Creating entrepreneurial culture in S&T institutions to foster techno-entrepreneurship for generation of wealth and employment by S&T persons
• The EDCs are established in academic institutions having requisite expertise and infrastructure
Entrepreneurship Development CellEntrepreneurship Development Cell
• To create an atmosphere for innovation and entrepreneurship for active interaction between academics & industries, for sharing ideas, knowledge, experience and facilities for the development of new products and services and their rapid transfer to the end users
Science & Technology Entrepreneur’s ParkScience & Technology Entrepreneur’s Park
Technology and Business IncubatorsTechnology and Business Incubators
• To bolster economic development by stimulating growth of technology and knowledge based enterprises and generation of value added employment
• Helps in incubating knowledge based start-ups into sustainable businesses by providing specialized guidance, critical support services, innovative financing and networking support within a well equipped work space
• Key Issues in Triplex Helix Cooperation:• To increase the flow flexibility of university
researchers– To Modify the current personnel policies to improve
the flexibility– To design a suitable compensation system
• To establish an incentive system to encourage university-industry cooperation– To design a suitable promotional system to encourage
university researchers to conduct industry-oriented research
– The current recruiting system to be modified to allow industrial experts to become an academic faculty member
Levels of Triple Helix Cooperation & Key IssuesLevels of Triple Helix Cooperation & Key Issues
Proposed cooperation in Indian contextProposed cooperation in Indian context
Liaison Cells• Different ways by which universities and industries can help
each other are summarized below :• The universities can:
• Set up Liaison Cells that have adequate data bases on facilities and expertise available in universities, as well as the features of industries in the region
• Provide material characterization, testing and certification facilities
• Keep the industries informed about new developments• Provide consultancy services like the development of
computer software, conduct of surveys, and solving of problems
• Help industries to induct and maintain modern technology
• Provide training programmes for technicians, scientists and engineers
Proposed cooperation in Indian contextProposed cooperation in Indian context The industries can:
Support research programmes of applied nature
Make available sophisticated and costly instruments to universities for research
Provide financial assistance for the infrastructure development of the university
Participate in teaching programmesAssist in the development of courses useful
to industriesProvide facilities for on-job training to
studentsAssist teaching programmes by giving
endowments
• Measures :o Encourage university-technology
partnershipso Invest in Entrepreneurial Support
Organizationso Enable Private-Sector Investment in the new
Technologies and Technology based Companies
o Remove Legal Barriers to University – Industry Technology Transfer
o Monitor Programmes and Policies affecting Technology Transfer
MEASURES TO PROMOTE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERMEASURES TO PROMOTE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
CONCLUSION
• Academia, Public and Private research and development institutes, Industry and government are getting closely involved
• Industrial Development requires education, training and Technology Development and Transfer
• Industry, R&D institutions and University cooperation helps faster technology transfer and absorption
• In triple helix situation, industry, university and R&D institutions in performing their traditional functions, each assumes the role of the other.
THANKS