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Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy:
Present and Future
Prof. Dimitar Tonev
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
INRNE-BAS TODAY
The biggest complex centre in Bulgaria forscientific and application investigations in thefields of:
Nuclear physics
Nuclear energy, nuclear methods and technologies
High energy physics
Radiation environment and ecology
Theoretical and mathematical physics
The research reactor of the INRNE-BAS
Basic environmental observatory at peak Moussala
Cyclotron laboratory
World recognized results of the INRNE notified during the European Science Foundation evaluation of the BAS.
Prof. Elisaveta Karamihailova (1897-1969) Pioneer of the Experimental Nuclear Physics in Bulgaria
The group of Acad.
W. Andrejtscheff is the
world leader in the field
of lifetime
measurements!
On 18 june 2015 Thomson Reuters awards INRNE with first place for Essential Science
Indicators for highly cited, top and hot papers.
THOMSON REUTERS
Bulgaria since 1999 Member State of CERN
Member of CMS since 1991, CMS MoU signed in 1999
Scientists from INRNE are actively participating in Experiments of synthesis of super-heavy elements at
the Nuclear Reaction Lab at JINR-Dubna, Russia
Astroparticle physics, ground based gamma-ray astronomy of very
high energies
INRNE is an official member of the big international collaboration MAGIC
(Major Atmospheric Gama Imaging Cerenkov telescope) since 2005 via the
Laboratory of Particle and Astroparticle Physics
Scientific goals of MAGIC experiment:
• Discovery of the origin and acceleration mechanisms of Cosmic rays
• Search for Dark Matter, testing the fundamental laws and cosmological
models
• Discovery of new very high energy gamma-ray sources and detailed
investigation of known ones
IRT-200 Mission
EDUCATION Nuclear energy, technology and investigations
Dosimetry, radiation protection
Physics, radiochemistry and radiobiology
Nuclear safety
Applications Neutron activation analysis
Production of isotopes
Radio-pharmacy
Nanotechnology
Neutron radiography
New materials
Metrology
1956-1957 – training of group Bulgarian scientists and engineers in operation of IRT in Kurchatov Institute , Moskow: Simeon Ruskov, Vasil Hristov, Nikolay Buchvarov, Anton Markov, Ilija Mishev, KrikorSakalijan and Dimitar Vatev.
The beginning
Before the Reactor construction, 1956
The Reactor under construction
IRT-2000 and related laboratories constituted a national centеr for scientific and applied research, as well as for education and training of specialists in the field of nuclear science and technology.
IRT-2000 Research Reactor
Russian and Bulgarian specialists taking part in the IRT-2000 start-up
First stage of the construction and commissioning of
the Kozloduy NPP
13
30.06.1974 – Start up of unit 1
22.08.1975 – Start up of unit 2
The official opening of KNPP was on 4-th of September 1974
1970 – 1975 г. – construction of 1 and 2 unit
with
pressurized water reactors type WWER-440,
model V-230.
The State Enterprise Radioactive Waste started the
construction of National Disposal Facility for Low- and
Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste - 29.08.2017
Мисия ИРТ-200
ОБУЧЕНИЕ Ядрена енергия, енергетика, технологии и изследвания Дозиметрия, лъчезащита и лъчеинженерство Физика и биология Ядрена култура
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ Неутронен активационен анализ Производство на радиоизотопи Радио-фармация Облъчване на материали Неутронна радиография Материалознание Метрология
Basic environmental observatoryPeak Moussala-2928 m.
Laboratory for technical development - Physics
Radioactive transborder transfer: Fukushima
131I
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
8h 23.03
20h 24.03
8h 26.03
21h 27.03
8h 29.03
20h 30.03
8h 01.04
20h 02.04
8h 04.04
20h 05.04
8h 07.04
time, date, month
mB
q/m
3
134Cs
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
8h 23.03
8h 24.03
8h 25.03
8h 26.03
9h 27.03
9h 28.03
8h 29.03
8h 30.03
8h 31.03
8h 01.04
8h 02.04
8h 03.04
8h 04.04
8h 05.04
8h 06.04
8h 07.04
time, date, month
mB
q/m
3137Cs
00.010.020.03
0.040.050.060.07
8h 23.03
8h 24.03
8h 25.03
8h 26.03
9h 27.03
9h 28.03
8h 29.03
8h 30.03
8h 31.03
8h 01.04
8h 02.04
8h 03.04
8h 04.04
8h 05.04
8h 06.04
8h 07.04
time, date, month
mB
q/m
3
“Extreme external climate
conditions”
INRNE and
Stress-tests of
the NPP
“Kozloduy”
Optimization of nuclear fuel behavior for
WWER-100019
Expert activity
Scientific Support for Nuclear Energy, Researchand expertise for Nuclear Safety of NPP, BNRA,NPP "Kozloduy“ EAD, Ministry of energy,National electric company EAD, StateEnterprise Radioactive Waste, and others.
The Cyclotron Laboratory at INRNE-BAS
TR-24, ACSI(EBCO), Vancouver, Canada
TR-24, ACSI(EBCO), Vancouver, Canada
•Accelerates H- ions
•Extraction by stripping foils
•Beam Energy: 15 – 24 MeV
•Beam Current: 400 µA
•Upgradeable to 1 mA
•Dual Beam Extraction
•External CUSP ion source
•Turbomolecular and cryo vacuum
pumps
•Vacuum:5.10-7 – 10-6 Torr
PET: 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F, 124I, 64Cu, 68Ge
SPECT: 123I, 111In, 67Ga, 57Co, 99mTc
Beamlines, targets and target stations for
PET&SPECT radioisotopes production
x 2 x 3
x 1
The TR Family of Cyclotrons
●TR-30 was designed at TRIUMF, Canada at the end of the 80's and has been manufactured since then by ACSI(EBCO).
●Over 90% of all commercially supplied SPECT radioisotopes in North America, like 201Tl, 123I, 67Ga and 111In,
are PRODUCED on TR-30 cyclotrons.
●Since 1996 all 30 MeV cyclotrons for commercial production of SPECT radioisotopes installed in North America
are made by ACSI(EBCO).
●TR-30 cyclotrons have been operated 24/7 for 20+ years.
●In 2014 TRIUMF purchased a TR-24 cyclotron for its research program in radiopharmacy.
TR-19, 14-19 MeV, H-(D-)
TR-24, 15-24 MeV, H-
TR-30, 15-30 MeV, H-(D-)
Radiochemical Laboratories for Production of PET Radiopharmaceuticals
Equipment:
Hot Cells
Synthesis modules
Laminar Flowbox
The Cyclotron Laboratory at INRNE-BAS
The aim is to establish a center for:
Applied Research
R&D in Radiopharmacy
Production of
Radiopharmaceuticals
Fundamental Science –
Chemistry, Biology, Physics
Training and Education in:
Nuclear Energy;
Radiochemistry;
Radiopharmacy;
Nuclear Physics;
Radiation Protection.
Current use of medical radioisotopes
Diagnostics
95 % Beta-emitters186,188Re, 90Y, 186/188Re
177Lu, 131I, 165Dy166Ho, 105Rh, 111Ag
Alpha-emitters212Bi, 213Bi, 211At
255Fm, 225Ac, 223Ra
Brachytherapy192Ir, 182Ta, 137Cs103Pd, 125I, 60Co
SPECT99mTc, 111In, 123I,
201Tl, 67GaPET
18F, 11C, 13N15O, 68Ga, 64Cu
86Y, 89Zr, 124I
Purpose
44Sc / 47Sc64Cu / 67Cu
86Y / 90Y124I / 123/131I
67/68Ga / 111In99mTc / 186/188Re
68Ga / 67Gain-vitro
3H, 14C
32P, 125I
TheranosticsTherapy
5%
Theranostics = Therapy + Diagnostics
№1: 99Mo/99mTc
№2: 18F
30
Cyclotron Vault Layout
A tender procedure for a project of the
building is going to finish yesterday, 11.09.2018
⁶⁸Ga 31p 37n
Probability Mode Decay Energy Daughter
100.% β+ 1898.9keV ⁶⁸Zn
Yield Nuclide
100.% ⁶⁸Zn
Atomic Weight 67.927980084
Abundance None
Mass Excess -67.08612MeV
Binding Energy 8.70122MeV
⁶⁸Ga as a radiopharmaceutical
⁶⁸Ga in clinical trials proves itself to be a good
contender for replacement of the currently used
radionuclide pharmaceuticals (111In) and gives a
great opportunity for optimization of treatments
and imaging methods.
Its shorter half-life of 68 minutes allows for faster
clearance from the organism and it makes it
possible to use on the same patient with a shorter
waiting period in between application.
Fig. 1 A middle-aged patient has an 111In-DTPA-octreotide SPECT/CT scan demonstrating a focus of uptake in a 1 cm right lower quadrant mesenteric lymph node (arrow, A and C). There is trace uptake in a normal sized (5 mm) peri-pancreatic lymph node (B) that prospectively was read as normal.
Fig.2 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan performed prior to surgery revealed the already known right lower quadrant lymph node (D and F) as well as clear-cut intense uptake in the peri-pancreatic lymph node (E) that was read earlier as normal. The surgical plan was changed to extent the field to include resection confirmed metastatic disease.
INRNE and National Scientific Road Map
National cyclotron center
EURATOM–INRNE
CTA-MAGIC
ACTRIS
CERN
JINR
11 - EURATOM
8 with JINR, Dubna
6 - JRC
5 - “Res. infrastructures”
1 - “Environment”
1 - MCA IRSES
1 - ERA NET
3 – COST
And more
Projects
United We Stand Strong
Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the EU
1 January – 30 June 2018
We shall finish what we started together
• Council Conclusions ona reformed ITERproject - the wayforward
ITER, means „passage” from latin – the aims are to contribute to a much faster realization of the prospect that most of our electricity needs will be covered by fusion.
• Extension of theEURATOM Programmefor research andtraining during 2019-2020
ITER: An unprecedented international collaboration
• Council Conclusions on a reformed ITER project -the way forward
• Extension of the EURATOM Programme forresearch and training during 2019-2020
• Research and Innovation for Food and NutritionSecurity and Quality Empowerment
Research and Innovation:Priority topics
Workshops and conferences, organized by INRNE
INRNE organized many workshops and conferences on nuclear physics, nuclear theory,
fuel modelling (WWER), quantum systems
Thank you!