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Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Research group
Palaeoecology and Landscape ecology
(P&L)
Temperate– Palaeoecology: Van Geel, Van Mourik
– Landscape ecology: Kooijman, Sevink
Tropics– Palaeoecology: Hooghiemstra, Van Boxel
– Vegetation ecology: Duivenvoorden, Cleef
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Palaeoecology & Landscape ecology
Rationale:
• To understand present-day climate and ecosystems, and to anticipate future change, we need a reference
• This reference is the record of past changes found in peat archives and sediment sequences
Peat archive sediment archive
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main research activities of P & L
• study of records of past climate change inferred from vegetation change at different time-scales: – Neogene (25 Ma >), – Pleistocene (2.5 Ma >), – Holocene (10 ka >), – Anthropogene (2 ka >)
• study of the present status and dynamic history of ecosystems
• societal relevant research: nature conservation, Kyoto Protocol
Scientific American May 2006
Carina Hoorn
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main Research Topics 1
Reconstruction of ecosystem dynamics and climate change
Temperate: Europe; Siberia
Tropics: Mexico to Bolivia (20°N – 20°S)– rainforest, dry forest, savanna, montane
forest, páramo
• Subjects: - biotic setting: floral evolution,
biostratigraphy, vegetation change - abiotic setting: basin development,
landscape development, sedimentary and geochemical processes
- mechanisms at work: orbital forcing, solar forcing
Van Geel, Hooghiemstra et al.
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main Research Topics 1 (continued) Data synthesis, data-model comparisons
Hooghiemstra, Van Boxel et al.
PFTs BiomesAims:
• calibration of model output by geological data (international BIOME project)
• inverse modeling studies (effects of pCO2, temperature, precipitation): sensitivity studies improved site selection
Pollen taxa Ecological groups Ecosystems
6000 BP 2000 0SITE ALT 6000 5000 4000 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 MODERN
Boca De Lopez 0 TRFO/TSFO TRFO/DEGR TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFOLaguna Piusbi 10 TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFOEl Camito 50 TSFO TSFO TRFO/TSFO TRFO TRFO TRFO/TSFO TRFOLaguna Sardinas 80 TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFOPantano de Monica 3 160 TRFO TRFO TRFO/TSFO TFRO/TSFO TRFO/TSFO TFRO TRFOCarimague 180 STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP TRFO TRFO TSFO/TRFOEl Pinal 185 STEP/TDFO STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP STEP STEPLaguna Angel I 205 TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO/TSFOLaguna de Agua Sucia 300 STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFO STEP/TDFOLaguna Loma Linda 310 TRFO/STEP TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFO TRFOPitalito 1300 WAMF/TSFO WAMF/TSFO WAMF WAMF WAMF WAMF WAMF WAMF WAMF/COMI CGSH/STEP Piagua 1700 CGSH / STEP CGSH / STEP CGSH / CEFO CEFO/WEFO WEFO/COMIRio Timbio 1750 CGSH CEFO/CGSH CEFO/CGSH CEFO/CGSH CEFO/CGSH CGSH COMI/CEFOPantano de Genagra 1750 CGSH/CEFO CGSH/CEFO CGSH/CEFO CGSH/CEFO CEFO TSFOLibano 1820 CEFO CEFO TSFO TSFO TSFO WAMF/WEFOLaguna de Pedro Palo III 2000 WAMF WAMF WAMF WAMF TSFO TSFO WAMF WAMF WAMF/TSFO WAMF/TRFOLaguna Herra 2500 COMI/CEFO COMI/CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO COMI/CGSH CGSH CGSHCUX 2560 CEFO CGSH/CEFO COMI/CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CGSH/COMI COMI/CGSH El Abra II 2570 CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFOLaguna Fuquene II 2580 COMI /CEFO COMI CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CEFO CGSH/CEFO CGSHCienaga del Visitador 3100 CGSH /COMI CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH COMI CGSH COMI/CGSHAlsacia 3100 WAMF CEFO CGSH/TSFO COMI/WAMFAgua Blanca 3250 CGSH/COMI COMI CGSH CGSH/CEFO CEFO CEFO COMI COMI CGSH CGSHLa Guitarra 3400 CGSH/COMI COMI CGSH CGSH/COMI CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH/COMILaguna Ciega I 3510 COMI/CEFO COMI CGSH COMI CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH/COMILa Primavera 3525 CGSH/COMI CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSHLaguna de la America 3550 COMI CGSH COMI COMI COMI COMI COMI COMI COMI COMIParamo de Palacio 3550 CGSH/COMI CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH COMI/CGSH CEFO CGSH COMIParamo de Guasca 3550 CGSH COMI/CEFO COMI/CEFO COMI/CEFO CEFO/COMI COMI/CEFOAndabobos 3570 CGSH CGSH CGSH/CGSS CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSHParamo de Pena Negra 3625 COMI COMI COMI/CEFO COMI CEFO CEFO CGSH COMI CGSH/COMI CGSHParamo de Laguna Verde 3625 CEFO COMI COMI CGSHLos Bobos 3800 CGSH/COMI COMI CGSH CGSH CGSH/COMI COMI COMIEl Gobernador 3815 CGSH/COMI CGSH/COMI COMI COMI CGSH/COMI CGSH/COMI COMI CGSH CGSH/COMIValle San Carlos 3850 CGSHValle de Lagunillas 3880 CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH/CGSSLa Rabona 4000 CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH CGSH
0 m
4100 m
Warmer and wetter
Cooler and drier
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main Research Topics 1 (continued)
Reconstruction of ecosystem dynamics
Tropics: plant diversity
• Are Amazonian forests so species rich owing to many different niches being filled by numerous phylogenetically different taxa?
Temperate: nutrients
Duivenvoorden, Kooijman
Significance of substrate / pHfor availability of nutrients
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main Research Topics 2
Development of new methodologies• Common practice:
– palynologists use only ‘traditional’ fossil types
– a large number of unknown fossils are ignored
• Identification of ‘unknowns’ reveals a wealth of information about past natural and anthropogenic environments:– abundance of herbivores– intensity of fire– euthrophication of water
(cyanobacteria)
• Aim: improve the quality of palaeo-environmental reconstructions
Van Geel
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main Research Topics 2 (continued)
Development of new methodologies
• Problematic ‘wiggles’ in the 14C calibration curve has been turned into an advantage: 14C AMS wiggle match dating delivers greater chronological precision + the role of the Sun in climate change can be evaluated
• BioTime :
– how representative are pollen spectra for plant diversity?
– how did plant diversity vary in the past with climate change
Van Geel, Hooghiemstra & Duivenvoorden
14C clock = fast
14C clock = slow
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Main Research Topics (3)
Interaction between biotic & abiotic components in the geo-ecosystems• Proxies:
– biotic: pollen, non–pollen palynomorphs diatoms, Corg, charcoal,
– abiotic: grain size analysis, inorganic geochemistry (elements)
– physical: 14C (solar activity)– stable isotopes (∂13C) and biomarkers
• Aim: place climate change-driven vegetation change in its abiotic environment.
Keeping in mind:• uplift• basin development• regimes of sediment transport• diagenesis
All group members
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Project acquisition 2000 – 2006
WOTRO-DGIS: 7 projects
WOTRO-Fellowships: 1 project
WOTRO-Integrated Programme : 1 project
NWO-ALW: 11 projects
AlBan : 1 project
EU : 2 projects
Tropenbos-NUFFIC-COLCIENCIAS: 2 projects
IBED: 3 projects
Externally funded PhD projects: 2 projects
28 projects
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Netherlands:
• Centre for Isotope Research
• Free University Amsterdam
• Netherlands Institute Sea Research (NIOZ)
• Netherlands Institute Applied Geology (NITG)
• Netherlands Centre Luminiscence Dating (NLG)
• RING / ROB• Ministry of Agriculture and
Nature Management• Universities of Nijmegen
and Wageningen
International:
• Colombia: Universidad Nacional,Bogotá/ Medellín /Leticia
• Colombia: Universidad de los Andes• Peru: Universidad Nacional para la Amazonia• Ecuador : Pontífica Universidad Católica• México: Universidad Autónoma de México
(UNAM) & ECOSUR• Latin American Pollen Database (LAPD)
community
• Germany: Göttingen, Potsdam, Greifswald• UK: Bristol, Gloucestershire, Leeds, Leicester,
Nottingham, Southampton, York• Ireland: Dublin• Finland: Helsinki, Turku• Sweden: Royal Botanical Museum, Stockholm• Denmark: Aarhus• Estonia: Tallin• Canada: Regina
Cooperation
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
A research highlight
A novel 3.2 Ma terrestrial record of Pleistocene ice-ages from the Bogotá Basin
Torres, Hooghiemstra
586 m deep bore hole Funza-2at 2550 m altitude
VivianiteVolcanic ash
XRF-scanner
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
A research highlight
Depositional environments
Lacustrine
Fluvio-lacustrine
Fluvial
Bio
tic
Abi
otic
285 mFaci
es
385 m
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Torres, HooghiemstraA research highlight
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Future Research
• Non-pollen palynomorphs
• Solar forcing of climate change
• Basins of Bogotá & Fúquene: harvesting the huge data sets of fine-resolution pollen records ESPM
• Amazonia: plant diversity and ice age environments
• GIS applications for calibrating paleodata to modern data in regional syntheses CBPG
• Societal relevant research:– Nature restoration and conservation
supported by paleo-data EPS– Forensic studies– IPCC related research ESPM
Pollen & GIS