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LAPORAN TAHUNAN 1990 (ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1990)
INSTITUT PENYELIDlKAN PERIKANAN, (FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE)
11700 GELUGQR, P. PINANG.
JABATAN PERIKANAN, (DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES)
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN, (MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE)
MALAYSIA.
SEITEMBER 1991.
1.
2 .
3 .
4 .
5.
6.
7 .
8.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Organization
1.2 Posts
CONTENTS
1.3 Research facilities
RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS
PAGE
1
7
8
9
10
2.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang 10
2.2 Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah 12
2.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca 13
2.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor 14
2.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu 15
2.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak. 16
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
3.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang 17
3.2 Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah 55
3.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Malacca 74
3.4 Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor 89
3.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu 97
3.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak. 112
MAINTENANCE & DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS
PUBLICATIONS & REPORTS
NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS ETC.
VISITS/VISITORS
MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING COURSES
APPENDIX 1
122
126
134
136
141
155
1. INTRODUCTION
Fisheries
FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA
11700 GELUGOR, PENANG
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1990
research and development continued to make
considerable progress during the year 1990. In the field of
aquaculture research, several significant advancements were
achieved in the breeding andlarviculture technology for several
commercially important species. These include the successes in
the area of marine finfish propagation, including the first ever
successful induced spawning of snapper (Lutjanus sp). The
subsequent larviculture resulted in the production of several
hundred stockable fry. Further refinements in the larviculture
of the grouper, Epinephelus suillus produced over 9,000 stockable
fry. Compared to the single fry produced in 1989, the recent
production figure marked a major progress. The success in the
isolation and culture of a dwarfrotifer as live food for the
small early fish larvae appears to be a major contributing factor
for the fish larviculture success. However while the foundation
for the mass production of marine finfish fry has been
considerably strengthened, further advancements in larviculture
1
technology are needed before the fry of both the grouper and the
snapper can be commercially produced.
In the area of prawn/shrimp farming, the production of
postlarvae / juveniles again reached a new record of 140 million.
with the hatchery technolgy for both marine shrimps and the
freshwater prawn well established, the scope of work for
crustacean aquaculture was widened to encompass the mangrove /
mud crab (Scylla serrata), and the swimming crab (Portunus
pelagicus). Results so far indicate that the mass larviculture
of the swimming crab appears to be feasible. For the mangrove
crab which is presently the preferred species for crab farming,
further improvements in rearing technique are required to
overcome heavy mortalities, due apparently to a large extent to
the cannibalistic habit of the species.
In the field of mollusc culture, the Fisheries Research
Institute - with the assistance of the Bay of Bengal Programme
(BOBP) - made significant progress in the development of oyster
culture in the country during the year. Suitable techniq~es and
sites have been determined for the spat collection,
transplantation and culture of Crassostrea iredalei and ~
belcheri, with the participation of fisherfolk at various
localities.
In the area of freshwater fish research, the African
catfish,
introduced
Clarias lazera (=gariepinus), which has recently
into the country, was successfully bred and
2
been
mass
produced. As this species of catfish shows a much better growth
rate and are also much hardier than the local Clarias species,
its successful propagation to ensure an adequate supply of
stockable fry would lead to the expansion of Clarias catfish
farming in the country. In the freshwater aquarium fish breeding
programme, the number of fish species that could be bred in
captivity has been increased to 26.
To speed up the identification of potential areas for
aquaculture development in the country, the use of computerised
geographical information system (GIS) has been widened.
In the field of fisheries resource research, a demersal fish
resource survey was successfully earried out on the east coast
of Peninsular Malaysia. The survey data together with the
monitoring of commercial landings indicated that the density of
the demersal fish stock in the area had remained quite stable.
This could be attributed to the effectiveness of the various
conservation measures taken by the Department of Fisheries.
On the west coast of P. Malaysia, a prawn trawling survey
was successfully conducted during the year. The grounds off the
Perak coast yielded higher catch-rates than areas in Kedah and
Perlis. The dominant species were Metapenaeus lysianassa and
Parapeneopsis hardwickii.
Fish resource studies on the west coast of P. Malaysia
included investigations on the effort and landings of'~ukat Kenka
3
2-Bot" (2-boat Danish seines) off Perak. The exploitation rate
for coastal penaeid prawns has been found to be relatively high
but the catches of the boats appear to be quite stable, possibly
as a result of rapid recruitment of the stocks.
Resource studies also included monitoring of the landings of
fish purse-seiners using spotlights and lures, on the west coast
of P. Malaysia. As most of the purse-seiners have installed
spotlights to increase their fishing efficiency, closer
monitoring of the resource is necessary to prevent
exploitation.
over-
In the area of fishing gear,development, the Research Centre
at Bintawa, Sarawak carried out trials - using K.K. MANCHONG
on the use of rubber disc ground rope for trawling on uneven or
rocky grounds. This type of ground rope proved so successful
that it was soon adopted by several offshore commercial trawlers
with minor modifications. It is likely that the impressive
catches of these vessels would convince other fishermen to follow
suit.
Under the aquatic ecology research programme, the
artificial reef project studied the effectiveness of new reefs
made of PVC pipes, specially designed concrete blocks and a
combination of PVC and concrete blocks. Regular monitoring was
conducted to assess the fish population, rate of encrustation and
the structural integrity of the reefs. Concrete appeared to be
the most cost effective material but more studies need to be
4
carried out to determine the cost-effectiveness and the most
suitable method of reef construction for different reef
materials.
Monitoring of heavy metal and pesticide levels in fish and
shellfish from the coastal and inland waters generally indicates
that fisheries products from our aquatic environment are
relatively free from such contaminants and do not pose any health
hazard to the consumers.
The occasional high bacterial count for certain cultured
shellfish is however a cause for concern, hence the need for
depuration. The services of 2 FAO consultants were sought to
further improve on the existing laboratory depuration unit and
design
Technical
a commercial
assistance
system
will be
for large-volume
provided to LKIM
depuration.
in the
establishment of a suitable commercial depuration facility.
At the
reported in
Kuala Terengganu Research
the rearing of newly hatched
branch, success was
leatherback turtles.
This work, carried ou~ under the Turtle Conservaton Programme
started in September 1990, has also set a world record in the
keeping of baby leatherbacks in captivity. From an initial
weight of 38 gm, the baby turtles have since grown to over 700 gm
each and studies are in progress.
In 1990, the operating cost of running the Institute,
5
together with its following branches (Appendix 1):
i) Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Gelang Patah, Johorei
ii)
iii)
Marine Fish Resource Terengganui
Research Centre,
Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Batu Malacca andi
Chendering,
Berendam,
iv) National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedahi
amounted to slightly over $5.4 million. occasional difficulties
were encountered with the operating budget and it is hoped that
there will be an appropriate increase of operating funds in
future.
Research and development expenditure for the year in the
following projects, totalled approximately $3 million:
Nat. Prawn Fry Production & Res. Centre, Kedah $322,003
Assessment of Coastal Fish Resources $247,700
Artificial Reef Development $91,542
Assessment of Offshore Fish Resources $321,893
Aquaculture Research $992,684
Handling of Fish Products $121,239
Production Economics $94,493
Mollusc Culture $701,524
Turtle Conservation $74,994
Total R&D Expenditure = $2,954,719 =====:::::====
6
1.1 ORGANIZATION
The Institute comprises 3 research sections, viz. Resource,
Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture (Appendix 2).
The Resource Section consists of the Demersal, Pelagic and
Fishing Gear Technology units - all based in Glugor - and the
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, situated in Chendering,
Terengganu. The Marine Fisheries Research Centre, located in
Bintawa, Sarawak, also concentrates on resource studies, thought
some ef~ort is directed towards artificial reef development and
brackishwater aquaculture research ..
The Aquatic Ecology section includes the Conservation and
Pollution Units, both based in Glugor, Penang. It works closely
with the Institute's branches in Chendering, Terengganu and
Bintawa, Sarawak, on the development of artificial reefs and
marine parks.
The Aquaculture section consists of the Mariculture unit in
Glugor, Penang; the Freshwater Fish Research Centre in Batu
Berendam, Malaccai the Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre
in Gelang Patah, Johore and the National Prawn Fry Production and
Research Centre in Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah.
The Institute also has a research component in the
Department's Marine Finfish Fry Production Centre at Tanjung
Demong, Terengganu where research and development on the
artificial propagation of Lates calcarifer, Epinephelus sp. and
Lutjanus sp. has made further progress.
7
1.2 POSTS
In 1990, the Institute had a total of 499 permanent posts,
the breakdown of which is as follows:
Group A Group B Group C Group D Total
Glugor 39 8 48 74 169
P.Sayak 12 5 14 42 73
B.Berendam 12 9 27 56 104
G.Patah 5 2 7 24 38
Chendering 4 11 15 30
Bintawa 11 31 43 85
TOTAL 83 24 138 254 499
However not all the posts were filled. Several staff
members were away on long study leave and available staff had to
be redeployed in order to enable projects to be implemented as
smoothly as possible. The problem arising from lack of suitable
crew members for the various research vessels was often quite
critical as the job could not be done by unqualified personnel.
This was alleviated to some extent by carrying out some
investigations at sea on board commercial fishing vessels. To
ensure smooth implementation of all the research projects, it is
hoped that all existing vacancies of posts in the various
categories will be filled as soon as possible.
8
1.3 RESEARCH FACILITIES
There has been considerable upgrading of research facilities
in all branches of the Institute following the completion of
development projects and the provision of adequate funds under
the IRPA programme.
The completion and operation.of the Phase Two Extension to
the Marine Finfish Fry Producton Centre in Tanjung Demong,
Terengganu, substantially increased the capacity of the Centre in
the area of marine finfish propagation. The construction of a
new 4-storey building in Chendering, Terengganu to be completed
in 1991, was expected to provide adequate space for the Marine
Fish Resource Research Centre, earlier temporarily housed in 2
rented shoplots. In Penang the completion of the research cum
adminstrative complex at Batu Maung should result in considerable
modernization of facilities for fisheries research in the coming
years.
Besides the shore-based facilities, there are several
research vessels available for resource assessment, exploratory
fishing and fishing gear development. The vessels are also
deployed for artificial reef construction and monitoring, and
pollution studies. These include K. K. MERSUJI, K.K. PELALING,
K.K. KERAPU and K.K. JENAHAK which are based in G~ugor, Penang;
K.K. SENANGIN in Chemdering, K.K. MANCHONG and K.K. MALONG in
Kuching, Sarawak. Full deployment of the vessels for the year
was however handicapped by crew shortage.
9
2. RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS
The overall research programme is geared towards the proper
development and management of the fisheries sector (including
aquaculture), in line with Government policies and in particular,
the National Agriculture Policy.
The main research projects carried out by the officers of
the various sections/centres of the Institute during 1990 were as
follows:
2.1
(a)
2.1.1
2.1. 2
2.1. 3
2.1. 4
2.1.5
2.1. 6
2.1.7
Fisheries Research Institute, Penang:
Resource Research
Monitoring and analysis of landings and composition of commercial fish purse-seine boats
, Phaik Ean) .
Monitoring and analysis of landings and composition of commercial anchovy purse-seine (Chee Phaik Ean).
catch (Chee
catch boats
Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species including tuna (Chee Phaik Ean) .
Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Alias b. Man, Lui Yean Pong and Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin).
Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin) .
Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial 2-boat Danish seines based in Kuala Kurau, Perak, and biological studies on the dominant prawn species landed (Mohd. Taupek b. Mohd. Nasir and Ibrahim b. Johari).
Monitoring and analysis of landings of carpet (Paphia undulata) at Sungai Batu, Kedah (Mohd. b. Mohd. Nasir and Lui Yean Pong) .
10
clams Taupek
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.1.12
2.1.13
2.1.14
2.1.15
2.1.16
2.1.17
(b)
2.1.18
2.1.19
2.1.20
2.1.21
2.1.22
Prawn resource survey in the coastal waters of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Abu Talib b. Ahmad).
Experimental prawn tagging in the coastal waters of northern Perak (Abu Talib b. Ahmad).
studies on the recruitment of the penaeid prawn Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala Sepetang, Perak (Abu Talib b. Ahmad, Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin and Lui Yean Pong).
Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial trawl boats (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa) .
Biological study on Sepia aculeata landed at Kuala Kedah, Kedah (Samsudin b. Basir).
Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of Sepioteuthis lessoniana portable traps (Samsudin b. Basir and Rosidi b. Ali).
Experimental trials with pair trawl net (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
Comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-seam, 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets (Rosidi b. Ali).
Comparative study on the design and efficiency of crab traps (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
Monitoring and analysis of fishing trials conducted jointly with the Extension and Education Division of the Department of Fisheries, Malaysia (Rosidi b. Ali and Ibrahim b. Johari).
Aquaculture Research
Larviculture and nursing of fry of and Epinephelus suillus (Ali Awang, Ramli Saad) .
Lates calcarifer Mahdom Ibrahim,
Broodstock maturation and spawning of Epinephelus sp. (Ali Awang, Mahdom Ibrahim, Ramli Saad).
Culture of live food organisms (Ali Awang, Ng Fong Oon) .
Cockle transplantation and culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair).
Mussel transplantation and culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair).
11
2.1.23
2.1.24
2.1.25
2.1.26
(c)
2.1.27
2.1.28
2.1.29
2.1.30
2.1.31
2.1.32
2.1.33
Oyster transplantation and culture (Ng Fong Oon, Kamal Zaman, Devakie Nair, Ong Kah Sin) .
Fish health and disease (Md. Akhir Arshad, Choo Poh Sze) .
Seaweed culture (Ramli Saad, Choo Poh Sze) .
Technical support for coastal finfish hatchery operations in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu (Munir Hj. Nawi, Nik Razali Nik Lah, Ali Awang).
Ecology Research
Management in Artificial Reef Development & Research (Abdul Razak Latun, Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah and Wan Portiah Hamzah) .
study on the Coral Reef Ecosystem - Marine Parks (Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah and Abdul Razak Latun) .
Study on the Seagrass Ecosystem (Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah and Abdul Razak Latun) .
Cockle Depuration Studies (Wan Portiah Hamzah and Velu Murugan) .
Monitoring of heavy metals in fish shellfish and sediment (Shahunthala Devi and Wan Portiah Hamzah) .
Analyses of pesticides in shellfish and freshwater fish (Shahunthala Devi and Wan Portiah Hamzah).
Fish Kills in Inland & Coastal Waters & Water Monitoring (Shahunthala Devi, Velu Murugan Portiah Hamzah) .
Quality and Wan
2.2 National Prawn Fry Production « R,esearch Centre, Kedah
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
Culture of live food organisms (Faazaz Abd Latiff and Fariduddin Othman).
Maturation studies of Penaeus monodon (S. Makinouchi and V. Palanisamy).
~ulture and maintenance of pond grown broodstock of £. monodon (K.Subramaniam, Liong pit Chong and Safiah Sayuti).
Larviculture of marine shrimp (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz Abd Latiff, Rashidah Mat Resat and Muhamad Hatta Hj. Mahmud) .
12
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
2.2.9
2.2.10
Larviculture of the Giant Malaysian Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Yaakob Ahmad and Zainoddin Jamari) .
LarJiculture of swimming crab and mud crab (Zainuddin Jamari and Che Utama Che Musa).
Nursery management and fry distribution (Othman Muhamad and Muhamad Hatta Hj Mahmud).
Open water stocking of shrimp/prawn/crab fries (Othman Muhamad and Liong Pit Chong).
Feed formulation (Che Utama Che Musa and Zainoddin Jamari) .
Pathology and water quality studies (V. Palanisamy, Faazaz Abd. Latiff and Liong pit Chong).
2.2.11 Training programme of the Centre.
2.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research centre, Melaka
2.3.1 Breeding of indigenous fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman, Mohamad Zaini Suleiman, Haron Abdullah, Saadon Kasmon) .
2.3.2 Breeding of exotic fishes (Ahmad Ashhar Othman, Mohamad Zaini Suleiman, Haron Abdullah, Saadon b. Kasmon).
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.3.7
Breeding of catfishes (Thalathiah Saidin, Taat) .
Ibrahim
Genetics and breeding of Tilapia (Chuah Hean Peng, Nor Azman Abd. Ghani).
Breeding and culture of ornamental fishes (Jamaludin Ibrahim, Chuah Hean Peng, Nor Azman Abd. Ghani).
Pond-culture of the Red Tilapia (S. Pathmasothy).
Pond-culture of prawns - Udang Galah (Suhairi Alimon, Misri Samingin).
2.3.8 Pond-culture of Sea Bass - Siakap (S. Pathmasothy).
2.3.9 Culture of live-feed (Siti Azamah Mustapha).
2.3.10 Fish nutrition (S. Pathmasothy, Maznah Othman).
2.3.11 Fish disease diagnosis and control (Siti Abdullah) .. -
13
Zahrah
2.3.12
2.3.13
2.3.14
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.7
2.4.8
2.4.9
2.4.10
2.4.11
2.4.12
2.4.13
Fishery development of reservoirs (Zulkafli Rashid, Zahari Awang) .
Abd.
National Agriculture Park, Shah Alam (Zulkafli Abd. Rashid, Zahari Awang).
Water quality in aquaculture (Maznah Othman, Zahari Awang) .
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor
Kajian Menentukan Peringkat Umur dan Kadar semaian Benih Yang optima Untuk Ternakan Intensif dan Separa Intensif Udang Putih (Penaeus merguiensis) Dalam Kolam.
Kajian Ternakan intensif' .
Udang Harimau Secara 'Super-
Kajian Ternakan Pembesaran Ikan Siakap Dalam Kolam Dengan Makanan Pelet Rumusan Pusat.
Ujian Terhadap Ternakan Ikan Tilapia Merah Di Dalam Kolam.
Kajian Perumusan Makanan Untuk Udang Harimau (Penaeus monodon) Di Peringkat Asohan.
Ujian Perumusan Makanan Udang merguiensis) Peringkat 'Grower'.
Putih (Penaeus
Kajian Perumusan Makanan Untuk Ikan Tilapia merah.
Kajian Pengawasan Parameter Mutu Air Sungai Gelang Patah.
Kajian Terhadap Parameter Mutu Air dan Tanah Yang Optima Untuk Ternakan Udang dan Ikan Laut Di Kolam.
Kajian Kesan Rekabentuk Kolam Terhadap Masalah Asid Sulfide
Kajian Pengawasan Jenis-jenis Penyakit dan Paras it IkanjUdang Airpayau Serta Rawatan dan Pengawalannya.
Kajian Ekonomi Pengeluaran Perbandingan Ekonomi Di antara Kolam Yang Menggunakan sistem Pam Dengan sistem Pasang-Surut.
Perbandingan Kesesuaian dan Ekonomi Di Antara Kolam Berdasar Pasir Dengan Lumpur Untuk Ternakan Udang.
14
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.5.8
2.5.9
2.5.10
2.5.11
2.5.12
2.5.13
2.5.14
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu (Pusat Penye1idikan Sumber Ikan Marin, Terengganu)
Kajian Migrasi Tuna di Laut China Selatan (Raja bin Raja Hassan).
Bidin
Kajian Biologi Tuna (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim).
Kajian Penggunaan Payao dalam Perikanan Rekreasi (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan) .
Kajian Sumber Ikan Hassan) .
Rekreasi (Raja Bidin bin Raja
Kajian Penetapan Tahap Pengekploitasian Stok Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Omar, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin, Azman bin Said) .
Kajian Pendaratan dan Komposisi Tangkapan Ikan bin Said) .
(Raja Raja
(Azman
Kajian Kelompok Mohammad Ibrahim,
Penggunaan Remote Sensing Ikan Pelajik (Abdul Hamid
Noordin bin Raja Omar, Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan).
dalam Mengesan bin Yassin, Raja
Kamarruddin bin
Kajian Pembangunan Sumber Berpotensi (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin).
Kajian Migrasi Penyu Belimbing Menggunakan' Teknologi Satelit (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin).
Kajian Penetasan In situ Telur Penyu Belimbing (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin, Nadzri bin Seman) .
Kajian Kesan Aktiviti Perikanan di Perairan Santuari Penyu Rantau Abang (Sukarno bin Wagiman, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin).
Kajian Penandaan Penyu Laut (Che Omar bin Mat Hussin).
Kajian Pengasuhan Anak Penyu Belimbing (Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim, Azman bin Said) .
Projek Tukun Tiruan ADB di Pulau Perhentian (Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar, Sukarno bin Wagiman, Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Che Omar bin Mat Hussin, Azman bin Said).
15
2.5.15
2.5.16
2.5.17
2.5.18
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.6.6
2.6.7
2.6.8
Projek Penyelidikan di Mohammad Noordin bin Ibrahim, Sukarno bin Hassan) .
Taman Laut Pulau Redang Raja Omar, Kamarruddin
Wagiman, Raja Bidin bin
Kajian Inventori Kima di Pulau Kapas dan Pulau (Che Omar bin Mat Hussin, Sukarno bin wagiman, bin Ali).
(Raja bin
Raja
Gumia Ahmad
Projek Usahasama Jabatan Perikanan-IPTP: Pendaratan Ikan Tuna Kecil di Terengganu Darul Iman (Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim).
Projek Usahasama PPSIM-IPP: Kajian Sumber Sotong Mengabang di Pulau Kapas (PPSIM: Raja Bidin bin Raja Hassan, Raja 'Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omari IPP: Samsuddin bin Basir) .
Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak
Trawl trials with commercial vessel (Albert Chuan Gambang and Mikio Wakamatsu).
Neretic tuna landings in Sarawak (Richard Rumpet) .
continuation work on the artificial propagation of terubok (Tenualosa toli) and other associated projects ( Yong Ai Hua).
Coastal prawn resource survey in Sarawak using K.K. Malong (Yong Ai Hua and Sayed Shahabudin Sayed Alwi) .
Artificial reef extension and construction in Sarawak waters (Ismaili Bujang Pit).
Cockle and Mussel culture in Mohidin) .
Sarawak (Mohammed
Aquaculture potential study for Sarawak using GIS and applying criteria for tiger prawn as a standard (Mohammed Mohidin and Pang Suh Cern as members of the study team with staff from PPTAP, Gelang Patah and Extension Section, Sarawak).
Preliminary site feasibility study for a hatchery and growout pond(s) carried out in various parts of Sarawak (Mohammed Mohidin and Pang Suh Cern).
16
3. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
3.1 Fisheries Research Institute, Penang
(a) Resource Research
3.1.1 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial fish purse-seine boats.
The landings of fish purse-seine boats based at Teluk
Bahang, Penang and Pulau Pangkor, Perak were monitored monthly
during the course of the year.
Teluk Bahang, Penang
Most of the fish purse-seine boats operating from Teluk
Bahang have been fitted with spotlights. A few units operate
occasionally without spotlights.
Very little fishing was performed during the first two
months of 1990 owing to bad weather. As such no data was made
available to the field samplers. Fishing was mainly in
conjunction with spotlights from March onwards and the average
catch per boat per month ranged from 27.63 tons to 35.32 tons for
the first six months of 1990 when catches were observed to be
better. During the second half of 1990, catches were generally
poor except for October and November. Overall the catch rates
observed for the fish purse-seine boats fitted with spotlights
from Teluk Bahang were much better than the average catch rates
of the fish purse-seine boats fishing with lures (tuas) which
ranged from 0.93 tons to 16.16 tons for 1990. Also, only a few
boats fished from the 'tuas'.
17
The boats fishing with 'tuas' caught mainly ikan selayang
(Decapterus spp.), ikan selar (Atule mate), ikan bawal hitam
(Formio niger) and ikan kembung (Rastrelliger spp.), while those
fishing with spotlights landed mainly ikan selayang (Decapterus
spp.), tuna (Euthynnus affinis, Auxis thazard), ikan kembung
(Rastrelliger kanagurta) and ikan bawal hitam (Formio niger).
other species caught by the boats fishing with spotlights
included ikan selar (Atule mate, Selar spp.), ikan cincaru
(Megalaspis cordyla), ikan talang (Scomberoides spp.) and ikan
tamban buluh (Dussumieria spp.).
pulau Pangkor, Perak
The purse-seine boats with spotlights performed better than
those that operated without spotlights (pukat jerut malarn). The
average catch rates obtained by the boats operating with
spotlights ranged from 4.25 tons to 308.56 tons per boat per
month.
Most boats had been fitted with spotlights, thus they had
the option to switch to using spotlights to aggregate fish
whenever the right conditions prevailed. Only a few boats
operated without spotlights. The average catch of the purse
seine boats operating without spotlights ranged from 3.85 tons to
19.37 tons per boat per month. The purse-seine boats fished
intermittently without the use of spotlights and most boats used
spotlights to aggregate fish whenever they could.
The purse-seine boats operating without spotlights (pukat
jerut malam) at Pulau pangkor caught mainly ikan pelaling
18
(Rastrelliger brachysoma) followed by tuna (Euthynnus affinis
and possibly mixed with Auxis thazard) and lesser quantities of
sardines (Sardinella fimbriata). However, very few boats
operated purse-seines strictly without spotlights; most boats
have now been fitted with spotlights and they switch from one
method to the other whenever the right conditions prevailed . •
The main species caught by the purse-seine boats operating
with spotlights, on the other hand, were mainly ikan kembung
(Rastrelliger kanagurta), tuna (possibly Euthynnus affinis mixed
with Auxis thazard), ikan selayang (Decapterus spp.) and sardines
(Sardinella fimbriata). other species caught by these boats in
lesser quantities were ikan pelaling (~ brachysoma), ikan
cincaru (Megalaspis cordyla) , ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus spp.)
and ikan tamban buluh (Dussumieria spp.).
3.1.2 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial anchovy purse-seine boats.
The catches of the anchovy purse-seine boats based at Pulau
Pangkor, Perak and Tanjung Dawai/Sungai Batu, Kedah were
monitored from January to December, 1990.
Pulau Pangkor, Perak
The average catch per boat per month ranged from 4.85 tons
to 47.99 tons per boat per month. The average catch rate
remained high from March to August 1990. The lowest catch rate
of 4.85 tons per boat per month was observed in December 1990.
19
stolephorus spp. contributed between 68% to 98% to the
total catch of the anchovy purse-seine boats based at Pulau
Pangkor. Other species caught were small Sardinella spp.,
Rastrelliger spp. and leiognathids. The dominant species of
Stolephorus caught was observed to be Stolephorus heterolobus.
It was observed that during the months of November and December
1990, there was an increase in the percentage of fish other than
Stolephorus spp.. These were mainly Rastrelliger spp. and
Sardinella spp .. The presence of the young of both these species
possibly indicates the spawning season of these fish.
Tanjung Dawai/Sungai Batu, Kedah
Generally the average catch rate per boat per month obtained
by the purse-seine boats based at Tanjung DawaijSungai Batu had
been high, ranging from 18.73 tons to 40.76 tons. There does not
appear to be a very large variation in the monthly average catch
rate seen over the year at Tanjung DawaijSg. Batu as is seen for
the Pulau Pangkor boats.
Here Stolephorus spp. made up approximately 78% to 97% of
the total catch of the anchovy purse-seine boats. Other species
of fish caught included mainly Rastrelliger spp. and Sardinella
spp. As observed for the pulau Pangkor boats, there was an
increase in the percentage of these two species in the catch of
the anchovy purse-seine boats in November and December 1990.
20
3.1.3 Biological studies on selected pelagic fish species including tuna.
(i) Small pelagics On The west Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Biological studies on selected species of pelagic fish were
continued at Teluk Bahang, Penang and Pulau Pangkor, Perak. The
species studied included Rastrelliger kanagurta, ~ brachysoma,
Decapterus maruadsi, and the tuna, Euthynnus affinis and Auxis
thazard. It was however found that the landings of tuna were not
as easily sampled because they were not regularly caught.
Length frequency measurements were taken monthly and the
gonadosomatic indices determined for the individual species
caught by each type of purse-seine i.e. purse-seine using
spotlights (pukat jerut berlampu), purse-seine using lures (pukat
jerut tuas) and purse-seine using neither spotlights or lures
(pukat j~rut malam).
Teluk Bahang, Penang
The mean length of Rastrelliger kanagurta and Decapterus
maruadsi caught by the purse-seines using spotlights ranged from
181mm to 198mm and from 125mm to 158mm dorsal extreme length
respectively. Very few fish could be sampled from the boats
fishing with purse-seines using lures because very few of them
fished from the lures.
The highest GSI for both female and male Rastrelliger
kanagurta sampled from the purse-seine boats using spotlights was
observed in April 1990. For Decapterus maruadsi the highest GSI
was seen in July. Thus it is possible that these two fishes
spawn just after these months.
21
Pulau Pangkor, Perak
There does not appear to be a large variation in the mean
sizes of the fish species caught over the months. The mean
length of Rastrelliger kanagurta and Oecapterus maruadsi caught
by the purse-seine boats using spotlights ranged from 198mm to
225mm and 120mm to 173mm, while the mean length of Rastrelliger
brachysoma caught by the 'pukat jerut malam' were between 173mm
and 196mm.
The highest GSI for Rastrelliger brachysoma caught by the
'pukat jerut malam' boats was recorded in March for the female
fish. The male fish did not show such a large variation in the
GSI but just shows a decline after July. It is possible that ~
brachysoma spawns just after April.
(ii) Length Frequency Analysis
Length frequency data obtained for kawakawa, Euthynnus
affinis collected from Kuala Terengganu and the Indian mackerel
Rastrelliger kanagurta collected from Kuala Perlis for 1988 and
1986/1987 respectively were analyzed to yield Loo and the growth
rate K. The results obtained are given below.
species
Euthynnus affinis 65 cm 0.5 cm/year (fork length)
Rastrelliger kanaqurta 29.9 cm 0.65 em/year (total length)
22
Further analysis of the data could be done but certain
irregularities in the data sets required further checking of the
raw data collected. When this is done, a yield per recruit model
for each of the species could be attempted to ascertain the
status of the fishery. Preliminary indications are that both
species are heavily exploited.
3.1. 4 Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
A demersal fish resource survey on the east coast of
Peninsular Malaysia was conducted with the research vessel
K.K."MERSUJIII from 20/6/90 to 5/8/90. A total of 60 successful
hauls were completed during the survey. The average catch rate
obtained was 71.6 kg/hr of which 45.5 kg (64%) were commercial
fish and the balance of 26.1 kg (36%) being trash fish. The
average catch rate obtained is the same as that obtained during a
similar survey conducted with the same research vessel in the
same area in 1988 which provided an average catch rate of 72
kg/hr. This indicates that the density of the demersal fish
stock in the area had remained quite stable during the period
between the two surveys.
The dominant species caught were the rays and the squids
which contributed 10% and 7% respectively towards the total
catch. These were followed by the mullids and the nemipterids
which contributed about 5% to the total catch. The priacanthids
and carangids also contributed around 4% to the total catch. The
other species individually contributed less than 4% to the total
catch.
23
The waters off East Johor appeared to the least productive
of the area surveyed. The average catch rate obtained was about
55 kg/hr compared to around 72-75 kg/hr obtained for the waters
off pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan.
3.1.5 Demersal fish resource survey in the coastal waters off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Due to unforeseen delays, the survey could only be started
in the middle of December and anticipated to end only in early
1991. As the survey is still on-going, the complete survey data
can only be processed and analyzed after its completion in early
1991.
3.1.6 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of commercial 2-boat Danish seines based in Kuala Kurau, Perak, and biological studies on the dominant prawn species landed.
The monitoring of the catch by the 2-boat Danish seines
based at Kuala Kurau, Perak was continued during the course of
the year. Analysis of the catch data indicates that the average
catch rate obtained by these boats was around 119 kg/trip/fishing
unit. This figure is comparable to the average catch rate of 122
kg/trip/unit obtained in 1988. Penaeid prawn contributed to
about 62% or 74 kg/trip/unit to the total catch, while trash fish
catch averaged around 43 kg/trip/unit (36%). Commercial fish and
mantid shrimps made up the balance of 2% of the total catch.
24
During spring tides, the small-sized prawns caught were
dominated by Parapeneopsis hardwickii and ~ coromandelica, while
the medium-sized prawns were mainly Metapenaeus affinis and ~
sculptilis. However, during neap tides there appear to be a
change in the dominant species caught. The small-sized prawns
were predominantly ~ lysianassa and ~ hardwickii, while the
medium-sized ones were ~ affinis and ~ brevicornis. The
dominant large-sized species caught during the two tides was
Penaeus merguiensis.
Juveniles of commercial species made up the bulk of the
trash fish caught by the 2-boat Danish seines. About 87% by
weight of the total trash fish catch by this fishing gear were
juveniles of commercial fish species.
Preliminary analysis of the length frequency data for some
of the dominant prawn species with ELEFAN indicates that the
exploitation of the prawn resources in the area fished by this
gear has already reached the maximum. The results obtained are
as follows:
Loo K F M E (TL-mm) (fyr)
~ affinis (m) 129 0.65 1. 71 1. 76 0.49 ( f) 162 0.54 1. 53 1. 46 0.51
~ scul12tilis (m) 155 0.60 4.43 1. 59 0.74 (f) 165 0.50 0.47 1. 38 0.25
~ brevicornis (m) 118 0.70 5.27 1. 89 0.74 ( f) 139 0.90 2.63 2.13 0.55
~ lysianassa (m) 91 1.17 6.23 2.85 0.69 (f) 92 0.90 1. 79 2.39 0.43
~ hardwickii (m) 98 1. 00 6.66 2.52 0.73 ( f) 111 1. 01 2.76 2.44 0.53
25
3.1. 7 Monitoring and analysis of landings of carpet clams (Paphia undulata) at sungai Batu, Kedah.
The landings of carpet clams at Sungai Batu, Kedah were
monitored monthly during the year. The catch of carpet clams by
the vessels based at Sungai Batu averaged about 1. 96
tonnes/boat/day. The boats continued to dredge for the clams in
waters within Zone B between Pulau Payar and Pulau Langkawi.
Length frequency data of the carpet clams were also
collected from the catch of the boats monthly, and preliminary
analysis of the data provided estimates of Loo and K values for
the clams landed at Sungai Batu. The values of Loo and K
obtained were 57mm (shell length) and 1.36 per year respectively.
3.1. 8 Prawn resource survey in the coastal waters of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
The survey was carried out with the research vessel K.K.
"PELALING" from 31/7/90 to 31/12/90. Although the survey was
planned to cover the coastal waters of the whole west coast of
Peninsular Malaysia, only the waters of Kedah/perlis and a part
of Perak were surveyed before the survey had to be terminated due
to shortage of crew members and breakdown of the research vessel
at the end of December. A total of 68 successful trawl stations
were completed during the survey.
Results from the analysis of the survey data indicate that
the highest average catch rate of penaeid prawns was obtained in
Perak waters where a catch of 1.55 kg/hr of prawns was recorded.
26
The catch of penaeid prawns from the waters of Penang was also
comparable to that of Perak where an average catch rate of 1.48
kg/hr was obtained. The catch of penaeid prawns in the waters of
Kedah/Perlis was very poor. Only 0.31 kg/hr of prawns were caught
on the average from the Kedah/Perlis waters during the survey.
However, the squids appear to form a very large component of the
total catch from the Kedah/Perlis waters (17%) compared to 7% and
6% from the waters of Penang and Perak respectively.
Three species appeared to be dominant in the waters of
Kedah/Perlis, Penang and Perak. These were Penaeus merguiensis,
Metapenaeus lysianassa and Parapeneopsis hardwickii. In
addition, Metapenaeus affinis was also a dominant species in
Perak waters. The survey results also indicated that all species
of the genus Parapeneopsis and 3 species of Metapenaeus (~
brevicornis, ~ dobsoni and ~ lysianassa) are shallow water
species, mostly found in waters <20m.
3.1.9 Experimental prawn tagging in the coastal waters of northern Perak.
Two prawn tagging trials were carried out in the waters of
northern Perak. The first trial was conducted in the waters of
the estuary of the Sungai Sangga Besar, near Kuala Sepetang,
while the second was carried out in the waters of Zone A&B off
Kuala Kurau. "HALLPRINT" streamer prawn tags (blue in colour)
were used in the tagging trials.
27
Estuarine waters of sungai Sangga Besar, Kuala Sepetang
The tagging trial was carried out on 13/11/90. Prawn
specimens for tagging were obtained with a push net (pukat
surung) using a boat powered by an inboard engine. A total of
243 prawns were tagged and released in the estuarine waters. Of
these, 135 specimens were Metapenaeus brevicornis, 34 were
Penaeus merguiensis, 33
Parapeneopsis sculptilis,
Penaeus semisulcatus.
were
and
Metapenaeus
1 each of
affinis, 39 were
Penaeus monodon and
Up to the end of December, the recovery of tagged prawn
specimens ranged from 3% to 20% for the various species tagged.
However, about 85% of the tagged prawns were recovered between 1
to 7 days after release. While the short period between release
and recapture does not allow for the study of their growths, the
data nevertheless indicate some limited migration of the prawns
along the coast towards the north as well as southwards, during
the period.
Coastal waters of Zone A&B off Kuala Kurau, Perak
A total of 51 specimens of Metapenaeus affinis were
collected with a trawl net towed for short durations, and
subsequently tagged. The trial was carried out during the last
week of November, and the tagged prawns were released at 2
locations viz. (a) Lat. 04° 58.5', Long. 1000 20.6'and (b) Lat.
05 0 12.0 1, Long. 1000 14.6'. However, there has been no recovery
28
of the tagged prawns to date. This may be due to the small
number of tagged prawns released.
3.1.10 studies on the recruitment of the penaeid prawn Penaeus merguiensis in the estuarine waters of Kuala sepetang, Perak.
Trials with 3 types of fishing gears were carried out during
the year to sample the estuarine waters and tributaries at Kuala
Sepetang for postlarvae, juveniles and sub-adults of Penaeus
merguiensis to determine changes in their abundance, if any, as
well as their catchability with the different types of fishing
gears. The fishing gears used were push net operated with a
mechanized boat (pukat surung), beam trawl, and set bag net.
Prel'iminary analysis of the data obtained indicated that
juvenile Penaeus merguiensis dominated the catches of the push
net during the day, and almost completely absent from the catches
during the night. The juveniles of Metapenaeus brevicornis
dominated the catches during the night. However, the beam trawl
used appeared to be rather inefficient and its design is
currently being reviewed and modified to improve its performance.
The data also do not indicate any significant peaks in the
monthly abundance of the juveniles and sub-adults so far.
Further monitoring of the abundance of the various life history
stages in the study area is required with an optimum samplinq
gear.
29
3.1.11 Monitoring and analysis of landings composition of commercial trawl boats.
(i) Fish Trawlers.
(a) Zone B Boats.
and catch
Zone B fish trawlers were monitored at 2 major fish landing
centres namely Pulau Pangkor, Perak and Batu Maung, Penang. The
boats monitored usually only made daily fishing trips. The
monthly average catch per trip recorded for the boats from Pulau
Pangkor was observed to be generally higher than those of Batu
Maung. The monthly average catch per trip per boat at Pulau
Pangkor ranged from 247 kg to 1565 kg, while those based at Batu
Maung obtained between 342 kg and 1236 kg per trip per boat. It
was also observed that the average catch of trash fish by the
Pulau Pangkor boats was higher than those boats based at Batu
Maung. Trash fish contributed to about 53% of the total catch of
the trawlers from Pulau Pangkor compared to around 47% observed
for those boats at Batu Maung. However, the commercial fish
catch obtained by the trawlers at Pulau Pangkor was also higher
than those obtained by the boats based at Batu Maung.
Pelagic fish formed the bulk of the catches of the trawlers
from both Pulau Pangkor and Batu Maung. Rastrelliger brachysoma
was the dominant pelagic species landed by the Pulau Pangkor and
Batu Maung boats. In addition, sUbstantial quantities of Pampus
argenteus and Formio niger were also landed by the boats from
Batu Maung. Squids and cuttlefish also constitute an important
component of the total catch of these trawlers from both areas.
30
The dominant demersal fish species caught by the trawlers
from both landing centres were Nemipterus japonicus, Johnius
aneus and Johnius sina.
Juveniles of commercial fish species formed the bulk of
trash fish catch of the trawlers from both areas.
the
They
contributed to about 82% and 76% of the trash fish catch obtained
by the trawlers from Pulau Pangkor and Batu Maung respectively.
The dominant species encountered were Stolephorus SDQ, Sardinella
fimbriata and Selar kalla. The true trash fish species commonly
found were Leiognathus bindus, Leiognathus
lagocephalids.
Zone C Boats
elongatus and
The catches of Zone C trawlers were monitored only at Hutan
Melintang, Perak. Two categories of Zone C trawlers were
monitored namely Zone C1 trawlers (40 - 69.9 GRT) and Zone C2
trawlers (>70 GRT) between June and December. The monthly
average rates of Zone C1 trawlers were generally lower than those
obtained by the Zone C2 trawlers. The monthly average catch rate
obtained by the former category ranged from 8886 kg/trip/boat to
11163 kg/trip/boat, while the latter category averaged between
6319 kg/trip/boat and 16143 kg/trip/boat. The difference is
attributed to the difference in the number of fishing days per
trip. The Zone C1 boats averaged 6-7 days per trip, while the
Zone C2 trawlers usually averaged 8-10 days per trip. Commercial
fish contributed to about 47%-51% of the total catch of these
trawlers.
31
Demersal fish contributed to the bulk (70%-73%) of the total
commercial fish catch of both categories of trawlers. The
dominant species caught were Priacanthus macrocanthus and
Nemipterus delagoae. The dominant pelagic fish species landed by
these trawlers included Rastrelliger §Qp and Scomberomorus §Qp.
However, pelagic fish only accounted for about 13%-18% of the
total catch of the Zone C trawlers.
About 82%-86% of the trash fish catch is made of juveniles
of commercial fish species. These were predominantly juveniles
of Selaroides leptolepis, Saurida undosguamis and Decapterus
maruadsi.
(ii) Prawn Trawlers
The prawn trawlers based at Batu Maung, Penang were
monitored. These boats usually fish at night, bringing back
their catch the next morning. The monthly average catch rate of
these prawn trawlers ranged from 74 kg/trip/boat to about 168
kg/trip/boat. The commercial component of the catch was between
36% to 77%. Prawns contributed between 13% to 35% to the
commercial component of the catch, with monthly average catch
rates ranging from 12 kg/trip/boat to 46 kg/trip/boat.
The main fish species caught were Nemipterus japonicus,
Johnius aneus, Johnius sina and Upeneus sulphureus, while the
dominant prawn species were Metapenaeus ensis, Penaeus
semisulcatus and Metapeneopsis ~.
32
3.1.12 Biological study on Sepia aculeata landed at Kuala Kedah, Kedah.
Length frequency data on Sepia aculeata collected from the
landing centre at Kuala Kedah between November, 1989 and June,
1990 were analyzed with ELEFAN to obtain some estimates of its
fishing mortality and exploitation rate. The K(per year) value
obtained was 1.6, while the fishing mortality was 0.239. The
exploitation rate (E) computed was low, at only 0.096. However,
these were preliminary analyses using only 8 months of data.
Data over a longer time frame are required to provide a more
confident analysis.
3.1.13 Monitoring and analysis of landings and catch composition of Sepioteuthis lessoniana portable traps.
The monitoring of the catch of 6 fishing units which had
been issued permits to operate portable traps to fish for
Sepioteuthis lessoniana was started in the middle of October
with the onset of the season for the fishing of the above
species. Two monitoring trips were carried out till the end of
December. It was observed that almost the whole catch consisted
of Sepioteuthis lessoniana of marketable size. Other species
caught were cuttlefish and some demersal fish which contributed
to less than 1% of the total catch. The average catch obtained
by these fishing units was around 3-6 individuals per trap per
immersion. However, the duration of trap immersion was highly
variable, ranging from 5 hours to 23 hours. Generally, the
catches of Sepioteuthis lessonania obtained by these traps
33
consisted more females than males (by numbers) . However, the
average size of the males caught was much bigger than that of the
females. Eggs of squids were also observed to be attached to the
traps when they were hauled up after each immersion ( indicating
that the individuals caught were probably attracted to the traps
to lay their eggs (with the traps serving as substrate for
attaching their eggs). The study will be continued in 1991 to
obtain more data for further analyses.
3.1.14 Experimental trials with pair trawl net.
The experimental trials with pair trawls net using
K. K. "JENAHAK" and K. L. "BAWAL" 'Here continued during the year to
determine the rigging and operational procedures for optimizing
the gear's fishing efficiency. The rigging design and fishing
gear operation were successfully completed during the trials.
Further trials will be carried out in 1991 to determine the
efficiency of the gear which has been redesigned to improve its
operation in rocky/coral areas.
3.1.15 comparative studies on the efficiency of 2-seam, 4-seam and 6-seam trawl nets.
One trial was conducted during the year with the research
vessel K. K. IIMERSUJI". However I i-t had to be aborted after all
the experimental nets were damaged during the early part of the
trials. Subsequent trials could not be carried due to
unavailability of the vessel as well as the priority given to the
conduct of experimental trials with pair trawl nets.
34
3.1.16 compara'tive study on the c1esign and efficiency of crab traps.
A study was conducted in the coastal waters off Pulau
Langkawi to compare the performance and efficiency of 5 designs
of crabs traps, namely:
a) Square with trap entrance at the side. b) Oval with trap entrance at the side. c) Oval with trap entrance at the top. d) Oval with trap entrance at the top and side. e) Local fishermen design (oval with the entrance at the
side) .
A set of 42-45 traps of each design were used in the study.
The results indicate that the traps with an entrance at the side
had better catch rates than those with an entrance at the top,
while the oval-shaped traps caught more Portunus pelagicus than
the square-shaped traps. It was also observed that the
Institute's oval-shaped trap with an entrance at the side (design
b) was more efficient than the local fishermen's traps (design
e) •
3.1.17 Monitoring and analysis of fishing trials conducted jointly with the Extension and Education Division of the Department of Fisheries, Malaysia.
Four types of fishing gears were introduced to the fishermen
by the Extension and Education Division of the Department of
Fisheries{ Malaysia for demonstration trials. These gears were
vertical longline, pouched driftnet, lobster trap and red snapper
bottom gillnet.
35
Vertical Longline.
The catch rate obtained by the vertical longlines was lower
than those of baited bottom longlines currently employed by the
local fishermen (8.5 gm/hr. immersion against 19 gm/hr. immersion
respectively) . The size of the fish caught by the vertical
longlines was also smaller compared to those caught by the bottom
longlines. This is probably due to the size of the "MATSUBARI"
hooks used in the vertical longlines.
Pouched Driftnet
that of a
that the
The efficiency of this gear was compared with
single layer prawn driftnet. The results indicate
average catch rate of the pouched driftnet was very low
to that of the single layered prawn driftnet. The
compared
catch of
prawns obtained by the former was only 33.6 gm/net panel compared
to 123.6 gm/net panel obtained by the latter. This net is
therefore unsuitable for introduction to the local fishermen.
Lobster Traps
Traps of 2 types of design were demonstrated to the
fishermen namely oval-shaped and cone-shaped traps. The trials
did not produce any sUbstantive results as no lobsters were
caught during the trials. Further trials would be required.
Red Snapper Bottom Gillne~
The fishing gear did not catch any red snappers during the
demonstration trials although they were caught by traps operating
in the same area. However, a number of other demersal fish were
caught by the gear. Further trials would be carried out in 1991.
36
(b) Aquaculture Research
3.1.18 Larviculture and nursing of fry of Lates calcarifer and EDinephelus suillus.
Larvicul ture and nursing of ·the giant sea perch / seabass
(Lates calcarifer) and E~inephelus suillus fries were carried out
using one-day old hatchlings received from the Department's
marine finfish hatchery in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu.
(a) Lates calcarifer
A total of 3 consignments of 1-2-day old hatchlings were
received from Tg. Demong. The first consignment of 450,000 2-day
old fry encountered more than 50% mortality during
transportation. The second consignment of 600,000 2-day old
hatchlings was received on 20.3.90 and the third consignment of
500,000 I-day old hatchlings on 6.7.90.
Fry survival was improved with the use of the newly-
installed ultra-violet sterilizer which was able to
reduce the bacteria plate-count in the seawater to a very low
level. A total of 132,000 fry were produced between January-
August 1?J90.
(b) Epinephelus suillus
About 1,700 fry (4 cm total length) of Epinephelus suillus
were received from PPEIL, Tg. Demong. The fry were nursed in
37
rectangular fibreglass tanks on a diet of minced fish until a
size of 8 cm attaining a survival of 63% (1071 fry remaining).
They were then transported to cages for culture.
3.1.19 Brocdstock maturation and spawning of Eoin.§U2heluJi §J2.
A group of female fish of Epinephelus suillu~ (3 kg body
weight) were treated with BCG (Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin) hormone at a dosage of 500 I.U/kg fish to
inducf~ the development of their ovaries. Heanwhile a
group or female fish (also abou't 3Jcg. body weight) was .fed'
~vith methyltestosterone (at 3% body weight) mixed into
their diet of minced fish to induce sex reversal. The
feeding of methyltestosterone was carried out for over 2
months but the rate of sex reversal was very low. Only 2
out of 25 female fish changed to male. No induced
spawning was achieved so far.
3.1.20 culture of live food organisms
Pure cultures of various algal species, including Chlorella
virginic£h Tetraselmis _Chaetoceros calcitrans and
Isochrysis galbana were maintained and routinely produced for the
production of rotifers and as food organisms for the larval
stages of mollusc and sea bass. Rotifers were used as food
organisms for the larval s'tages of the seabass.
")0 .JU
3.1.21 Cockle transplantation and culture
Cockle reseeding programmes in 1990 were carried out in the
states of Johor, Perak, Penang and Kedah. The sites chosen
for the implementation of the reseeding programme ';"ere Sungai
Suluh and Sungai Suluh Kecil, Johor; Lekir and Bagan Tiang,
Perak;
Nyior,
Sungei Semilang and Pulau Aman, Penang; and
Kedah. Studies on the growth, mortality and
Selat Bagan
maturity of
cockles were carried out in these areas. Cockles that were seeded
in 1988/1989 in some of these areas were also monitored.
(i) Coc];:l,s reseeding progrmn.me 2990
The cockles reseeded at Sg. Suluh, Johor encountered 35%
mortality a month after reseeding beca~se ~f predation from the
gastropod Thais ,§Q and s~arfish. The cockles reseeded at Sg.
Suluh Kecil on the other hand are still growing well with minimum
mortality up till end of 1990.
very
boats
The cockles reseeded
high mortality because
into the culture
at
terminated
started.
3 months after
Lekir, Perak
of infringement
area. The
encountered
by trawler
culture was
the reseeding programme
Cockles reseeded at Sg. Semilang, Penang have mixed
results. The cockles reseeded
while those at unit B well
from predation by Thais ~
at Unit A were
encountered high
Cockles reseeded
growing
mortality
at Pulau
Aman also encountered about 20% mortality due to predation
39
from starfish.
HOvJever f cockles sO'vln at Selat Bagan Nyior, Kedah are in
good condition and mortality is about 5%.
(i) Cockles reseeded in 1988/1989
Cockle sown in Kedah on 17.9.88 ,;,t.tained
harvestable size in January 1990. The cockles seeded in Bagan
Tiang, Perak in 1988/89 were monitored up to March 1990 by which
time the cockles had reached a mean si?:e of more than 32mm. 'l'he
cockles "cook more than 1 year to reach the legal
minimum size of 31.8mm from an initial size of 14mm.
and the size at first ~aturity was 18mm. A total of
3796 bags of marketable cockles (worth $60,000) were
produced after 3 months of harvesting. This project
made a nett profit of about $17,000.
3.1.22 Mussel transplantation and cultUre
(i) Mussel transpla.ntation prognmrme
Due to a shortage of mussel seed supply from the Selat
Tebrau region in Johor for the year 1990, the mussel
transplan'tation programme was carried out only in Pulau singa and
Batu Lintang, Kedah; Kg. Penor, Pahang: and Teluk Gong, Selangor.
A total of 2120 strings of mussel spats were
transplanted to the above-mentioned areas. The mussel sp.ats
transplanted to Pulau Singa, Kedah in February, 1990 had reached
40
harvestable size in August, 1990, while those in Kg. Penor,
Pahang suffered 80% mortality because of drastic reduction in
salinity of the water (to 0 ppt) in the culture site due to
floods.
The monitoring of the mussels transplanted during 1939 was
continued. A total of 4100 strings of mussels costing $74,790
(including rafts, stakes, mussel spat and transportation) were
transplanted in Perak in 1989. From these, a total of 26.188
tonnes with a value of $18,398 have been harvested in Kg. Jarum,
Kg. Baru, Telaga Nenas and T. Senangin. However, the collection
of data on the harvest and si~le of mussels from the
transplantation carried out in Kedah in 1989 were still not
completed.
Generally the mussel transplan-tation progri:..11TUUe has been a
success and has brought greater awareness to the culturists that
mussel farming could be lucrative. Some of the problems
encountered in the programme included inadequate seed supply,
poor quality seed and poor market.
problem.
(ii) Seed collection
Poaching was also a serious
Seed collection trials ,vere c2,rried out in Sg. Muar f Sg.
Rekoh and Masai, Johor and Teluk Mas and Sebatu, Melaka.
Encouraging results were obtained from all 1-::hese areas,
especially from Sg. Muar where an average of 20kg string of spat
(0.5-3.0mm) were obtained between the peak season of March to
41
Hay 1990.
{iii} Sal
A study on the salinity tolerance of mussel was conducted in
t.he labo:ci3.Lory. The salinity range selected for the tolerance
study ranged from 10-35 ppt. The salinity tolerance of
the animal was measured by the rate of filtration of the
red cl:y(; I neu·tral red. I~1 unfavcmr2,ble concH 1.::ion8 .
filtration rate would b o slow. It "\:ias found t .. hat the
optimal salinity was 30ppt and conditions below
20ppt were not suitable.
antation and culture
The oysJcer transplant.ation and culture project is
d~vjded into two components:-
(i) BOBP oyster culture programme;
(ii) Oyster culture programme conducted by IPP.
This programme is carried out with the ·technical and
financial support from the Bay of Bengal Fisheries Development
Programme. studies are mainly concentrated on spat collection
and grow-out in Kg. KeJ.ibang, Pulau Langkawi; Batu I,in'tang I
Kedah; Telaga Nenas and Kg. Teluk, Perak; and Sg. ]'I[erch;::mg and
Kuala setiu in Terengganu.
42
Kg. lZelibang in Pulau Lanqka~"i 1das found sui table for the
while
Kedah; Telaga Menas and Kg. Perak ,"vere
suit2.ble fCJr the collection and ClTO\v-out of -, Sg.
(:·.nJ 1\. SC'.::t:iu r had been found to be suitable
for the cultu~e of Mark2table oysters have been
shucked;
usually sold shucked.
a.II technique using i:he
abundance of oyster eyed-larvae ~s an index still needed
irnprov There was evidence to suggest spatfall
was related to the tidal cycle and salinity fluctuation.
Netlon used as cultch ma~er had been found to be suitable
lD the spat collection s However, netlon is an ive
material and a lot of t is required to separate the spat from
Collectors such as discarded motorcycle tyres
table in Sq. Merchang.
TCf:;ts were c,J;,;o carrl.ecl O1Xt on t.hE' faecal coliform count in
the oysters. Results showed that chilled oysters had an average
connt: of 10 Fe HFi:i/<:] ard lIed oysters 59,-109 :Fe NPN/g.
(ii)
The prograrnJne conducted by IPP included the oyster culture
st:L:dies in I'ulau S inga, Pulau Lanqkawi; Semerak, l(elantan;
iiI;?;rchang and Kl.1ctla Setin j.n Terengqanu.
43
Spat collection carried out in Pulau Singa and trials done
since last March had not given encouraging results. Attempts to
transplant spat collected from Kg. Kelibang had also failed
because of fouling from Pinctada sp .. pteria sp and Balanus sp ..
Two rafts were built for spat collection and grow-out of ~
iredalei in Kelantan. Oyster shells used for
collecting spat were also distributed at the sea bottom.
Merchang and Kuala setiu in Terengganu were found to be
suitable areas for spat collection and grow-out.
Oyster culture in these 2 areas is now being carried out by
farmers.
3.1.24 Fish health and disease
(i) Ulcerative Syndrome in Padi Field Fishes
The water quality in the padi fields and irrigation canals
appeared within the normal range-except that the NH3-N levels
ware high, ranging from 0.4-3 mg/l. Levels of heavy metals in
water and fish tissues were generally low and no correlation with
disease occurrence could be established. Aeromonas hydrophila and
Ewardsiella tarda were isolated from diseased Clarias sp both
from lesions and kidney. ~ hydrophila was consistently found in
ulcerated Trichogaster pectoralis. Fungi belonging to the
Saprolegniaceae family were frequently found in the padi
field fishes. Bacteria plate-count in the irrigation canals
ranged from lXl0 5 bacteria/ml to 5XI0 5 bacteria/mI. and in the
padi fields ranged from lXl0 5 bacteria/ml to 5XI0 6 bacteria/mI.
44
No serious epidemic of epizootic ulcerative syndrome was
reported in Malaysia in 1990, except for some isolated cases
which could be linked to urea application and prolonged drought
condition.
(ii) Virulence of Vibrio on seabass fry
This study showed that healthy seabass fry were not infected
with Vibriosis when placed in seawater containing
bacteria/mI., 4-6XI0 6 bacteria/ml and 4-6XI0 7 bacteria/mI., for
24 hours. Healthy seabass fry injected with Vibrio in phosphate
buffered saline containing 4-6XI0 3 bacteria/fish,
bacteria/fish and 4-6XI0 6 bacteria/fish were also free from
symptoms of Vibriosis.
(iii) Water quality and fish health monitoring in cage culture system.
Average bacteria plate-count (from July to october 1990)
sampled from the waters of the cage culture site in Batu Uban
showed that the bacteria plate-count from waters in the cages
appeared higher than the counts outside the cage. Bacteria
isolated from the water included Aeromonas, Vibrio
parahaemolyticus, alginolyticus, Edwardsiella sp and
Pseudomonas sp. Vibrio is the most common pathogen isolated
from the tissues (kidney, liver and lesion) of diseased fish.
There appeared to be no difference between the NH3-N,
Dissolved Oxygen and pH values of the water within and outside
the cages. The values recorded for NH3-N, Dissolved Oxygen and
45
pH ranged from O.5-0.7ppm, 5.5-8.9ppm and 8.1-8.5 respectively.
(iv) Fish mortality/disease occurrence
Cases of fish/prawn mortality due to disease were
investigated in Batu Uban, Bukit Tambun, Sungei Udang, Nibong
Tebal in Penang, sungei Petani in Kedah and Daerah Manjung and
Kuala Trang in Perak. Most cases referred to were from farmers
carrying out cage culture of fish, although pond culture of fish
(ikan keli in Sungei Udang) and penaeid prawn pond culture
(Manjung) w~re also investigated.
The most common pathogen isolated from the diseased fish was
Vibrio although Aeromonas and Pseudomonas sp, were also
isolated. Fungal and protozoan infection (white spot due to
Cryptocaryon irritans) were also found. In almost all cases,
practices
Insufficient
disease in the culture was caused by bad culture
overstocking and wrong feeding practices.
feed and feeding with low quality rotting fish could have also
caused nutritional deficiency and diseases.
(v) Issuance of health certificate
Health certificates issued for the export of life fish and
aquatic plants indicated that the most common aquarium fish
exported through Penang was the discus. A total of 12.219
pieces were exported, with the bulk (86%) going to Japan, and 8%
to Australia. A total of 7792 pieces of Carassius auratus were
exported through Penang. all of it going to Australia. A total
of 51.9 tonnes of Scylla serrata were exported through
Penang.
46
3.1.25 Seaweed Culture
Experiments were concentrated on the species Polycavernosa
cylindrica found in the Middle Bank, Penang.
(i) spore-setting
spore-setting was tried out with rafia collectors and found
to be successful. Other collectors like oyster shells and
polyethylene strings will be tried out in future.
(ii) Grow-out in the sea
Spore on rafia strings were transferred to the sea for grow
out. However, a lot of strings were broken out at sea. Other
stronger strings such as polyethylene will be tried out in
future.
(iii) Grow-out in ponds
Grow-out in the
encouraging.
disintegrated
Seaweed
due to
ponds
growing
the
did
on
not
the
acid-sulphate
appear very
pond-bottom
condition.
However those grown
pond-bottom achieved
on plastic nets suspended above the
a final weight of 4kg from an
initial weight of lkg. Growth rate was between 2.5-4% a
day. There is a possibility that there are 2 varieties
of Polycavernosa growing in the ponds, one with a faster
growth rate than the other.
(vi) Extraction of Agar
Hydrogen peroxide was used as a bleaching agent in the
processing of Polycavernosa. The quality of the agar obtained
from the process where hydrogen peroxide was used was the same
47
as those obtained from the process where hydrogen peroxide was
not used.
3.1.26 Technical support for coastal finfish operations in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu
(i) Larviculture of Epinephelus suillus
hatchery
The PPBIL, Tg. Demong has succeeded in the spawning of the
grouper, Epinephelus suillus since May 1989, and in larval
culture of the grouper on an experimental scale in early 1990.
Larvae of Epinephelus suillus were obtained from natural
spawning and 1-3 day-old larvae were fed eggs or trochophore
larvae of oysters. Rotifer SS were given to the larvae that were
2-6 days old and rotifer S given to larvae between 6-22 days
old. Larvae from 22-40 days old were given Artemia that had been
enriched with chicken egg and fish oil. Larvae 40 days old and
above were given minced fish. In 1990 about 9000 fish fry were
produced.
(ii) Larviculture of Lutianus ~
Larviculture of Lutianus ~ was carried out for the first
time in September 1990 through induced spawning from a single
female. The female was given 2 injections of ReG hormone
containing 500 IUjkg. body weight. The larvae were given their
first feed of oyster and trochophore larvae when they
were 4-5 days old. This feed was followed by rotifers,
Artemia and minced fish. A total of 338 fry of more than
39 days were produced.
48
(c) Ecology Research
3.1.27 Management of the Artificial Reef Development
The management of the artificial reef
Research and
research and
development accelerated and expanded in 1990 under the Fisheries
Resource Enhancement component of the Asian Development Bank
Malaysia Fisheries Research and Development Project (ADB-MAL
Fisheries R&D Project) . Initially, site surveys were carried
out and baseline studies employing direct visual observations and
fishing were conducted to quantify fish abundance prior to reef
development. The effectiveness of new materials such as PVC
pipes and specially designed concrete blocks were then introduced
as experimental reef materials at Pulau Lembu, off Pulau
Langkawi. Three (3) types of reef modules were constructed at
the 3 sites: PVC reefs, PVC-concrete reefs and concrete reefs.
The distance between each site was estimated to be 60 feet. The
reefs were monitored regularly to assess fish populations, rate
of encrustation and structural integrity.
Due to the shortage of available manpower in the Ecology
Unit, the staff had to concentrate on the artificial reef
research of the ADB-MAL Fisheries R&D Project. As a result
close monitoring of the tyre and concrete reefs carried under the
comprehensive programme of the Fifth Malaysia Plan could not be
carried out. Also the critical shortage of crew members on the
research vessel K.K. JENAHAK has seriously affected the smooth
49
implementation of this and several other sea-based research
projects.
3.1.28 study on the coral reef ecosystem - Marine Parks
studies carried out will help to provide baseline
information for the development of a management plan, increase
understanding of the Marine Park concept and facilitate the
resolutions of certain management issues. 2 major areas were
surveyed in 1990: Teluk Nipah, Pulau Pangkor and Pulau Papan,
Labuan.
At Teluk Nipah, Pulau Pangkor, transect studies indicated
the presence of hard corals such as Acropora and Porites species
and soft corals especially Sinularia species. Sea urchins and
sea cucumbers were abundant near the shore. Among the fishes
observed were Ikan Kerapu and Ikan Jenahak. Early observation
indicated that a large portion of the coral reef was destroyed
and/or naturally died. Corals were exploited and sold as
ornamental objects in Pulau Pangkor and Lumut. On the whole,
this area has still a good coverage of corals and steps should be
taken to protect the area.
Pulau Papan,
Tanjung Kiamsam,
Labuan, and the neighbouring areas such as
Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau
Rusukan Kecil and Kg. Layang-Layang were surveyed by a team
consisting of IPP, Fisheries Headquarters and Tentera Laut Diraja
Malaysia (TLDM) personnel. studies indicated a poor coral
50
coverage in Pulau Papan.
indiscriminate activities.
Corals were probably destroyed due to
Instead the area is now covered with
seaweeds such as Sargassum, Padina, Turbinaria, Dictyota and
other species. Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Rusukan Kecil and Pulau
Rusukan Besar have better coral coverage and it is recommended
that they be protected or established as marine parks. The
shortage of manpower had also affected the smooth and effective
implementation of this programme.
3.1.29 study on the Seagrass Ecosystem
A brief survey was carried out in the coastal waters of
Johore: Pulau Babi group of islands, Pulau Sibu and Pulau
Tinggi to study the distribution and identify the seagrass
species. The species observed in Pulau Babi Besar were Halophila,
Halodule, Cymodocea and Syringodium; in pulau Babi Tengah they
were Halophila and Cymodoceai in Pulau Tinggi, Halodule and
Cymodocea species; and in Pulau Sibu, Enhalus acoroides.
3.1.30 Cockle Depuration studies
Cockle depuration studies were carried out but stopped
because of the breakdown in the stomacher. Samples were then
sent to the Veterinary Department to be analysed. Observations
indicated that the level of the faecal coliform could be reduced
through the depuration process. The presence of other bacteria
was also identified i.e. Bacillus sp. and Flavobacteria sp.
However, the level present was considered to b~ normal.
51
Two experts from FAO (Rome) came to observe the studies
carried out by FRI and later made recommendations to improve the
methodology used and to establish a commercial plant for cockle
depuration.
3.1. 31 Monitoring of Heavy Metals in fish, shellfish and sediments
Analytical work was carried out on sediments and some
marine and freshwater fishes. There was a marked progress on
sediment analyses, particularly in the digestion technique. A
preliminary examination was carried out to test for metals in
water and the results obtained were satisfactory to warrant the
purchase of an in-situ sampler. The Pollution Unit was also
involved in a joint programme with the Nuclear Energy Unit of
PUSPATI titled 'Marine Sediment Contamination Survey'.
Analyses on cockles collected from Juru, Sg. Perai and K.
Sepetang indicated that the Juru cockles were much more
contaminated than those from Sg Perai and K.Sepetang. Results
also indicated that the value for cadmium in the K. Sepetang
cockles has exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 1 ppm.
Close monitoring of fish and shellfish from these areas is
required to study the nature of the problems and the necessary
steps to be taken for safe human consumption.
Analyses of metal content in muscle tissues of marine fishes
indicated safe levels but those in the liver tissues had elevated
values but since normal consumption is scarce and quantity small,
52
there should be no cause for alarm. The freshwater fishes
sampled showed low metal content and hence are fit for
consumption. Sediments collected were also analysed to determine
pollution levels and sources.
3.1.32 Analyses of pesticides in shellfish and freshwater fish
The Gas Chromatograph was not functioning very well for a
couple of months in early 1990. Analytical work resumed after
July and samples of freshwater fishes and shellfish were then
analysed. Among the freshwater fishes analysed were siakap
(Lates calcarifer), patin (Pangasius sp.), sebarau, keli (Clarias
batrachus), sepat siam (Trichogaster pectoralis) and sepat
ronggeng (~ tricopterus); and the shellfish analysed were
mussels, oysters and cockles.
On the whole, with reference to Swedish standards, results
indicated that values for total lindane (HCH) for Sepat Ronggeng
and mussels have exceeded the 200 ug/kg limit. Analyses of some
fish samples namely Ikan Sebarau (Hampala macrolepidota) also
indicated high levels of total lindane and endosulfan.
3.1.33 studies on fish kills in inland and coastal water and water quality Monitoring
Studies on water quality with reference to tidal
fluctuations was carried out in Kuala Gula and Kuala Sepetang to
determine the cause of periodic fish mortality at cage culture
53
sites. Investigations were also carried out at the Kuala Kurau
cage culture site.
The monitoring of water quality at Kuala Gula indicated tha"t
it is not adversely affected by low tides, thus fish kills could
be due to pollution or lowered salinity after a heavy downpour.
For Kuala Sepetang river, the conditions were different in that
the dissolved oxygen values started to fall with increase in
suspended solids and this condition was evident especially during
low tides. It is recommended that close monitoring of the water
quality with tidal fluctuations be carried out before cage
cultures are set up.
The monitoring of " water quality around Pulau Pinang namely
Teluk Bahang, Gelugor Jetty and Batu Maung was re-established.
Classical parameters such as dissolved oxygen, BOD, temperature,
salinity, suspended solids and ammonia were determined in 1990.
It is hoped that the analyses for heavy metals and bacteria
content could be carried out in 1991. currently, based on the
above parameters the water quality around Batu Maung is
considered clean but the quality in the years to come could not
be ensured, especially in view of the new development projects
in that area. The establishment of the new FRI complex would
have to take into consideration the quality of water and a
suitable site where water is to be pumped for research purposes.
54
3.2 Nation .. \l Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah
3.2.1 culture of live food organisms
The culture of various species of phytoplankton in weather
controlled rooms is well established. To maintain purity of the
culture and to reduce contamination, stringent water treatment
is essential. However, such facilities are relatively expensive
and production is limited by the physical dimension of the air
conditioned room.
For the new hatchery, the production of algae (mostly
Chaetocero~ sp),
inoculum for 300
outside the room.
from the small algal room is instead used as
liter tanks under transparent roof sheets
A cell density of 1.0 - 1.4 million cells/ml
could be achieved after 3 days of culture under favorable weather
conditions. The production is used as seed stocks for 15 ton
concrete tanks. Production from the 15 ton concrete tanks, at a
density of 0.87 - 1.14 cells/ml after another 3 days of culture,
is used for larviculture.
The major problem of such scaling up outside the algal room,
where the air is not subject to filtration as in the case of air
conditioned room! is serious contamination by ciliates.
Filtration of water down to 1.0 micron does not appear to
completely remove the ciliate, which may enter through
atmospheric transport. The problem is particularly serious if
the algal culture period needs to be lengthened as a result of
55
unfavorable weather conditions. Besides grazing by ciliate which
leads to lower cell counts or complete failure of the culture,
the contaminated culture if introduced to the larviculture tanks,
would also interfere with the well being of the larvae.
As quality of the algae from 300 liter tanks is consistently
better than that from the 15 ton concrete tanks, which are not
closed, it has been suggested that the scaling up of culture
operation should stop at 300 liters. Extra 300 liter tanks have
been ordered and the procedure would be tried out soon.
As a service to the marine shrimp hatchery industry, stocks
of relatively pure algae are also routinely distributed free of
charge to hatchery operators.
From the second half of the year onwards, the Centre also
maintains culture of rotifer, the initial stock of which was
obtained from Tanjung Demong. The culture again necessitates the
culture of chlorella. Attempts to replace the chlorella with
baker's yeast have not been successful, with the rotifer culture
collapsing after a few days. The rotifer have proved to be good
partial replacement Artemia as mysis feed for marine shrimp. The
rotifer are however primarily used for the larviculture of crabs,
a new area of research for the Centre.
3.2.2 Maturation studies of penaeus mono don
Slightly over 1400 wild female and 1000 male tiger shrimp
56
spawners were acquired for spawning purpose. However from time
a small number of gravid females were also bought to
meet immediate demands for nauplii, especially just after a major
breakcycle or for the needs of a training programme.
.About 1 '70 ':l fl' d 11 d grav.lc ..:ema es vlere acqulre . A spawne, giving
an average of 716,000 eggs and 420,000 nauplii per spawning. T~e
wild nan-gravid females were subjected to unilateral eyestalk
ablation. Out of 1,243 shrimps subjected to the treatment, 709
females (57%) responded with 1,382 spawnings. The number of eggs
and nauplii obtained per spawner were 798,000 and 332,000
respectively, giving a hatching rate of 42 %. This is slightly
lower than the 62 % obtained for gravid females. 'Though the
hatching rate is lower for the induced spawning, the slight
disc21dvantage is more t.han offset by ·the greater abundance of the
non gravid females and their ready availabili-ty.
For pond grown broodstock, raised from Ban Merbuk, only 30 %
of the 282 females treated spawned, giving a total of 153
spawnings (averaging 2 spawnings per spawner). The number of
eggs produced per spawner at 459,000 is not particularly low, but
t.he hatching rate at 16 9" is much lower compared to figures
achieved for wild spawners. Besides the low rate of success and
hatching, the time needed for ovarian maturation is also longer
with much greater incidence of regression. As it is, pond grown
broodstock is not yet a viable alternative for wild spawners.
57
3.2.3 culture and maintenance of pond grown broodstock of ,II e n~~11 s p:to :l}S?5:! 0 D_ •
Pond culture of tiger shrimp is carried out in the Ban
Merbuk Substation for both training purpose and for research in
pond grown broodstock. Ini tially, the ponds were st.ocked a-t a
density of 10 pc/m2. After 4 - 5 months of culture operation,
-the shrimps are harvested. The bigqer shrimps are selected for
further culture, in another pond, at a stocking density of less
than 1pc/m2 to encourage faster growth. It takes slightly over a
year for the shrimps to grow to the required size of over 110 gm
for induced spawning attempts. However, the hatching rate of the
eggs from these pond-grown spawners has not been very
encouraging. The hatching rate needs to be considerably increased
before the culture of tiger shrimp broodstock could be considered
viable.
3.2.4 Lal."Vicul tUl:e of marine shrimp
Larviculture was carried out in two separate hatcheries; the
phase two hatchery built in 1985 with French technical assistance
and the new hatchery completed in 1987 with JICA financial aid.
In the old hatchery, the larviculture has been solely
dependent, in the past, on various species of phytoplankton
cultured in the algal room as zoea food. culture is carried out
in 2 ton tanks with rather close monitoring and relatively high
stocking density (125 nauplii/l and above). Chemicals including
antibiotics are routinely used for disease control. Annual
58
production is general 'i~' c .. ""~' .... , .. ' .., r'C J () , .; 1]" .- P- 2/-3 .... H (.,1'.:. J.\:-9J.UH ,)1. .. IllJ.. .lOAi L ...• '1'11.8
fry ql:.b.li is consi~"t.f'lJ t'ly prim~rily as a result of
availability of adcguat2 quality la,:r.'.l:t.C)J1 clS Z02Cl feed ..
In. t~l)e 1').e\.,.T 11(1t.c.h£.~x~~:{! (jX.~f::2J-~:.[~J" 11l1IClf)e:r of' bi~rger 'to.rlks! 5 al1d.
10 ton t-a~jks are lJ~;ed. rrhe ~;UI)ply of phyt.oplankton for Z OC!Cl. fE!ed I
mostly sp. come from 15 ton concrete tanks. Both the
quality a~d quantity of the plankton are not as goorl compared to
those from the algal ro~m ·t·:t~(0. c:],(:' 11~1"'CC~~:}f:?ry .. There is hence a
nf:c:;d t.o (~.n.lerlt. \'lj_t:t\ fO:.(,lil-l.lla"t2cl fec~cl .. However over the years,
a nUIfl},er of com:merc 1 fc;ech; has proved t:o be good pC:lrt 1
substitute for algae. The result on use of formulated feeds is
so eLC01J.:c;:.tg ing t:ha'c ·the use has also been adopted the old
hatchery.
Over the years boLh t.hc., stocking and s~urvivaJ. frora the new
hatchery have been steadily on the rise, and there is really now
\Tsr-;l lit.Jcl(~ to fferent the two culture systems except for
the g:r·eat.E-2!r dependence on formulated feed in th(::: nevI hatchery.
The average number of PL 2/3 per 1 of tank capacity achieved
for the two hatcheries are 63 pc in the old hatchery as against
59 in the new hatchery. As formulated feeds are readily
available, production SystCffi dependent on them may probably be
more adaptable for large scale production.
Altogether a total of 132 Ilion marine shrimp (PL 2/3)
were produced in 1990. The monthly production figures are given
59
111 the table below:
'1' sini mp D21nC1DCl Shr imp '110t_cJl
13,605,000 10,164 / 000 23,769,000
HaT 10,315,000 10,091{000
i1 5,1.56,000 2,330,000 7,186,000
3,990,00(; 9,070,000 13,060,000
10,223,000 4,775,000 14,998,000
7,:580,000 8,150,000 15,730,000
8,00·1,000 9,590,000 17,594,000
2,2'H,OOO 2,241,.000
Oct: 11,316,000 11,316,000
Nov
Tolc:l 78,460,000 54,170,000 132,630,000 =========================~================================
Beside:::; t.lle identification of sui table formulated feed for
larviculture, larviculture without the use of antibiotics has
also been experimented. It was observed that it is possible to
carry out larviculture for up to a month or so without
antibiotics after a major breakcycle. Besides furazolidone and
chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and daimeton sodium were also
proved to be effective for disease prevention and control for
limi-ted period. Chloramphenicol, a wide spectrum antibiotics
banned in many countries, was in fact not used at all throughout
the year in the new hatchery. Treflan however has always been a
60
necessity for the control of fungal growth.
Live food organisms such as phytoplankton and Artemia have
also been necessary for la.cviculture of marine shrimp.
Preliminary experiments conducted indicated that enriched rotifer
could replaced 50 % of the Artemia as mysi~ feed and yet produced
comparable or even higher survival rate. More work will be
carried out to confirm the results.
Although the cost for Artemia and formulated feeds are
relatively high when considered in terms of value per kilogram,
the amount needed for larviculture is quite insignificant. So is
the case for chemicals for disease control and plankton culture.
The cost of all materials needed for the production one PL 2/3
amounts to just under 0.04 sen. This agrees well with views of
several private hatcheries that salary cost is the most
significant item in their operating expenditure.
3.2.5 Larvicult.ure of the Giant Halaysian Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
The year 1990 was a challenging one for the larviculture of
the giant Malaysian freshwater prawn. For the greater part of
the year, supply of municipal pipe water was practically nil as a
result of low water pressure. To alleviate the shortage, 5 wells
were dug within the compound of the Centre. The wells could
supply about 10 to 15 tonnes of freshwater a day for larviculture
use.
61
The serious water shortage resulted in the greater reliance
of the intensive culture technique, where water is treated and
recirculated, and the extensive techniqUe, with no change of
water throughout the larviculture. The semi intensive culture
technique, with regular water exchange, was carried out for only
one cycle during the earlier part of the year when water was
still available. A total of 8.12 million fry was produced for
the year. This figure is slightly below the record figure of
8.91 million achieved in 1989, but was nevertheless impressive
against the annual target of 5.0 million fry under the trying
circumstances. The percentage of survival achieved for the
various technique were; up to 56% for intensive technique with
production of 71 fry/litre of water; 45 % for the semi intensive
technique, with production of 42 fry/l and 58 % for the extensive
technique with production of 24 fry/l of tank capacity. The above
figures are annual averages. For a good run survival over 80 %
is achievable.
Results of the larviculture, among others, indicated that
pond grown broodstocks were found to produce larvae which were
more hardy and adaptable to culture conditions, resulting in
greater success in larviculture. Larvae from wild spawners were
generally larger but more susceptible to handling and disease
attacks. It could also be possible that the pond grown
broodstocks, obtained from Puchong, were of a different variety
or sUbspecies. Further works need to be done on the nature and
source of spawners.
62
The higher survival rate achieved in the larviculture could
also be partly attributed to the use of the new formulation for
SUTIMAL, the larval feed prepared for the prawn fry. Fish eggs
replace chicken eggs in the new formulation.
3.2.6 Larviculture of crabs
with the success in shrimp / prawn larviculture, and other
major objectives of the Centre achieved, it was logical to expand
the scope of work/research of the Centre and moved on to other
species. The Larviculture of crabs was the obvious choice as
since the pioneering works carried out in Glugor in the early
60's, there has not been any effort done in the area. There is
also an obvious shortage of fry for culture expansion.
The larviculture of swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, and
mud crab, Scylla serrata, was initiated on mid 1991 with the
blessing of the Fisheries Headquarters. It was most encouraging
that initial trials indicated that larviculture of the swimming
crab was relatively uncomplicated. For the mud crab cannibalism
remains a major problem to be overcome as reported by other
earlier workers. On the whole slightly over 250,000 crab fries
were produced. The larviculture of crabs necessitated the
culture of rotifer which again required the maintenance of
Chlorella culture.
3.2.7 Nursery management and fry distribution
The larviculture operation. for the marine shrimp is stopped
63
at PL 2/3, after which, they are passed on to the nursery section
of the Centre. The regular clearing of the larviculture tanks,
followed by cleaning and disinfection, probably considerably
reduce both the incident and severity of disease infestation.
The nursery operation consists of initial feeding with
Artemia nauplii at 50 pc/PL up to PL 5 or so, followed by
provision of formulated feed at 15 to 20 % of the total body
weight. Water quality is maintained by regular siphoning of
excess feeds / bottom wastes and frequent water change (30 % on
alternate day). Occasionally formalin and/or treflan are added
for disease prevention and control. Among the several factors
that affect the survival of the fry during the nursery period,
the initial quality of the PL 2/3 received appeared to be most
critical.
While young fry i.e. those less than PL 15, are too small
for direct stocking into ponds, nursing them beyond PL20
generally leads to a wide variation in the size of the fry, a
phenomenon much disliked by most farmers. It does appear that PL
15 to 20 are best suited for stocking purpose.
For the freshwater prawn there is no real need for a nursery
phase, except for a short acclimatization (1 2 days) to
freshwater. As a result of the lack of freshwater, a relatively
high number of freshwater fry was sent to PPUG in Lumut and Sabak
for holding purpose for later distribution to farmers or release
in the riverine systems. The distribution figures presented
below hence do not provide a real picture as to the actual share
64
of fry given to farmers.
Fry are distributed based on the follmving priority:
i) Small scale farmers carrying out culture operation for the first time. They are given free fry, up to 50,000 for marine shrimp, and 12,500 for freshwater prawn;
ii) Sister organizations of the Centre, such as PPTAP, Galang Patah; PPIAT, Batu Berendam and private farmers adopted by the Centre to carry out pond trials, or other government agencies, such as LKIM, RISDA, MADA;
iii) Commercial shrimp farmers who choose to purchase fry from the Centre; and
iv) Open water stocking/ranching.
The dist.ribution of fry for thE: ye2.r:: :!.s giver~ in the
following table:
Freshwater Tiger Penerima Prawn shrimp
X 1 / 000 X 1,000
Banana Shrimp X 1,000
Total X 1,000
------------------------------------------------------------Farmers 71 872 943 (Sales)
Farmers 195 1,558 1,753 (Free)
Open water 1,863 24,468 48,859 75,190 Stocking
11iscellaneous 3,247 4,701 583 8,532
----------------------~-------------------.---------------Total 5,377 31,599 49,442 86,420 ===========================::::::::::===============::::::===::::::=:::.::::::::::::::====::::====;::::,.;
In the counting of fry during packing, it is customary to add another 10 % extra to compensate for mortality during transportation. Hence the total number of fry sent out or distributed is 95,062,000.
65
It is quite clear that the quantity of fry sold is
negligible. This is a partly a result of the high price, 4.0
sen/PL20, and the ability of the private hatcheries to meet the
demand for shrimp farmers. Malaysia is a net exporter of shrimp
fry. It has always been the policy of the Department not to
compete with the private sector in fry production, hence the high
price set. However over the years there has been significant
improvement of the hatchery technology, and cost of production
has been considerably reduced. Market value of tiger shrimp
(PL20) has dropped to 2.0 sen or even lower. While for banana
shrimp it has been lowered to less than 1.0 sen. There is hence
a need to review the price set. A proposal to reduce the price
to 2.0 or 2.5 sen/PL20 has been submitted to reflect the lower
production cost. The new price would ensure that the Centre
would not compete with the private hatcheries, hence hampering
their development. On the other hand it would not deter shrimp
farmers to approach the Centre for fry should there be a shortage
in the market.
3.2.8 Open water stocking of shrimp/prawn/crab fries
While large scale production of shrimp/prawn fries is the
a function of the Centre, the major objective behind such
production is to demonstrate its economic viability rather than
the mere acquiring of large number of fries. Besides the
provision of free fries to small operators for their first
66
culture operation and catering for the needs for research, most
of the fries produced are released into the coastal waters or
riverine system for resource enhancement. The open water stocking
programme is a national programme covering the whole country
involving all fry production Centres of the Department. The
release of shrimp / prawn fries by state and by species are
presented in the table below:
state
PERLIS
KEDAH
P.PINANG
PERAK
SELANGOR
N.SEMBlLAN
MELAKA
JOHOR
KELANTAN
TERENGGANU
PAHANG
Total
Freshwater prawn
1,357,000
450,000
30,000
26,000
1,863,000
Tiger shrimp Banana shrimp
4,263,000 2,611,600
10,238,200 44,733,100
1,635,000
7,262,000 870,000
1,070,000 645,000
24,468,200 48,859,700
Total
6,874,600
56,328,300
2,085,000
8,132,000
30,000
75,190,900 ================================================================
The effectiveness of the large scale release for freshwater
species in riverine systems / inland water bodies is well
recognized. Exotic species have been reported-to establish self
67
sustaining population in specific water bodies. The freshwater
prawn
such
are also caught in rivers where there were previously no
fisheries following the release. Feedbacks on increased
catches and greater abundance throughout the year were also
obtained from local fishermen.
For the tiger shrimp released into the coastal waters,
encouraging feedbacks were received from the fishermen from
Sungai Merbuk areas, including fishermen fishing off Kg Pulau
Sayak, and the Larut / Matang areas. From Tanjung Demong, came
the most encouraging reports by our colleagues of PPIL that they
were getting tiger shrimp as a bycatch in their coastal surveys
for fish fry in the shallow water off setiu. The shrimp were
not caught before the stocking programme.
3.2.9 Feed formulation
The effectiveness of several commercial larval feeds for
shrimp, available in the local market was tested. It is
generally known that phytoplankton are the preferred larval feed
for zoea stages of the shrimp. However phytoplankton have to be
cultured separately under controlled conditions and are not
always available when needed. The standard practice is to
introduce phytoplankton into the larviculture tanks to result in
a final concentration of 50,000 cells/ml of water to ensure
adequate
of liv~
supply for feeding purpose. When the
food organisms cannot be obtained, it
68
required level
is supplemented
with formulated feeds. There are quite some commercial larval
feeds in the local markets. Feeding trials reveal that most of
them are quite effective if the phytoplankton level could be
maintained at 25,000 cells/mI. In fact there are indications that
the combination of live and formulated feeds provide better
survival for larviculture. The use of formulated feeds is
preferred as they are readily available and could be stored for
considerable length of time. Formulated feeds however cannot yet
completely replace live food. Feed trials carried out indicated
that for the better quality formulated feeds the concentration
of phytoplankton could be reduced to 12,000 or even 5,000
cells/ml of water without apparent effect on the success of
larviculture. These include BMC, SHRIMP-GEM, NIPPAI-BP, ZM,
Frippack and combination of BP with ESP or GSP. Excessive
dosage of formulated feeds may however result in deterioration
of the water quality and hence the need for more water change.
There were occasions when larvicultures were successfully
carried out with little or no addition of phytoplankton. However
the role of naturally present phytoplankton, and their subsequent
blooming in the culture tanks could not be ruled out.
The Centre has also successfully formulated a larval feed
for marine shrimp based on local raw materials which proved to be
quite effective. As its preparation on a small scale is quite
tedious, and quality formulated feeds are readily available, the
feed is not used on a routine basis.
69
3.2.10 Pathology and water quality studies
Besides weak nauplii, disease infestation is the major cause
for the failure of larviculture. Around 30 % of the culture had
to be discarded for one reason or another. The zoea 3 / mysis 1
stage is generally most critical with the inability to moult
successfully as the obvious symptom. In many cases it is
advisable to discard badly infected culture to prevent spread of
disease infestation. There is really no substitute for the
provision of optimal culture environment, including the
maintenance of clean water and provision of adequate nutrition
to ensure better success of the culture.
The routine use of Treflan for the control
disease proved to be effective. Antibiotics
of fungal
such as
Oxytetracycline, Daimetone sodium, Furazolidone and
Chloramphenicol are also used for the prevention and control of
bacterial diseases. While it has been established that after a
major breakcycle, larviculture could be successfully carried out
for up to a month or so without resorting to the use of
antibiotics, the use of antibiotics is necessary to ensure
reasonable survival thereafter. The rotation of several
antibiotics ensures that there is minimal danger for the
development of resistant bacterial strains. The use of
Chloramphenicol, a wide spectrum antibiotic banned in many
countries, has however been considerably reduced. Finally there
is always the breakcycle, during which the hatchery is thoroughly
clean, disinfected and left to dry out for several weeks to
70
ensure complete elimination of any undesirable bacteria. Success
of larviculture is always better after such a break.
For the freshwater prawn, the unavailability of adequate
freshwater resulted in the practically no water exchange for most
of the larviculture cycles. It is hence most encouraging to note
there was no major disease outbreak. This could be attributed to
the efficient water treatment in the intensive culture system,
and the removal of toxic metabolites by phytoplankton and
algae mat at the bottom of the tanks in the static green water
culture system.
The preliminary water treatment consisted of sedimentation,
and sand filtration. For the culture of pure phytoplankton, the
water is again passed through a series of cartridge filters, down
to 0.2 microns. For stock maintenance, the filtered water is also
autoclaved prior to use to ensure sterilization of the water.
For larviculture filter bags are used. Pore size adopted ranges
from 1.0 micron for zoea stages, to 10 micron for late mysis and
PL stages. There has been some reports on the effectiveness of
ultra violet light irradiation on removal of micro-organisms
lately. Its use would be tested in the Centre later.
3.2.11 Training programme of the Centre
The training programme of the Centre ensures effective
transfer of technology from the government research institutions
71
to extension workers and the private sector. Altogether 6 formal
training courses were offered. For interested parties with
special interests which could not be met by the courses offered,
there is an attachment programme, where the trainees could work
in the hatchery, under the close supervision of a senior officer,
to pick up the practical knowledge needed. In this respect, the
culture of phytoplankton is the most popular area for attachment
for hatchery operators. The training courses offered and the
number of participants are listed below:
Courses offered
1. Brackishwater pond culture
2. Cage culture
3. Mussel culture
4. Marine shrimp hatchery operation
5. Freshwater prawn hatchery operation
6. oyster culture
7. Attachment training and others
No of Session
10
4
5
4
3
2
No of Trainees
176
71
62
27
8
36
66
446 =======~=======================================================
The oyster culture course, carried out with the cooperation
of the Bay of Bengal Programme, was newly introduced following
the initial success of experimental oyster culture in several
locations in Peninsular Malaysia. For the first two sessions,
only Departmental extension workers (Assistant Fisheries Officers
and Fisheries Assistants) were trained. The training course
72
would be opened to the private sector the· following years.
Attachment training on hatchery operation was the preferred
choice for most university undergraduates doing their industrial
training. The brackishwater pond culture course however remains
as the most popular among both private sector and government
agencies.
There is always a need to review the training programme from
time to time both to assess the acceptability of the courses
offered and the need to offer new course to cater for the
changing need of the aquaculture industry. In this respect the
frequency and duration of freshwater prawn hatchery had been
reduced. A new course on the culture of natural food organisms
will be introduced next year to reflect the needs of the hatchery
operators as indicated by the popularity of the phytoplankton
culture attachment training.
73
3.3 Freshwater Fisheries Research centre, Melaka
3.3.1 Breeding of Indigenous Fishes
Temoleh (Probarbus jullieni)
Breeding trials through the use of hormones were conducted.
Carp pituitary extract (CPE) and human chorionic gonadotropin
(RCG) were used but no successful ovulation was obtained because
the breeders were not ready. However, it was observed that
females had bulging abdomens. This is a good indication that in
the near future they could be in good condition for induced
spawning.
Sebarau (Rampala macrolepidota)
100% breeding success was obtained in 1990 by administering
a dose of 4-6mg CPE/kg on females. By scattering fertilized eggs
on mosquito netting which was then floated on the water surface,
hatching rates of up to 60% were achieved. 8 females of weights
between 200-300g were used. A total of 27,700 fry was produced.
Kelah (Tor tambroides)
No attempts were made to breed this fish in 1990 as females
had not attained sexual maturity although males were milting. In
addition to the stocks acquired in 1989, another 50 individuals
were obtained from Perak and Lake Kenyir.
Fry Production
A total of 319,387 Lampam Jawa (Puntius gonionotus) fry and
·109,263 Jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii) fry were produced.
74
3.3.2 Breeding of Exotic Fishes
Efforts were concentrated on breeding the Chinese Grass
Carp. The project also attempted to refine breeding techniques
for large-scale production of fish fry of the major Indian carps
(Catla and Rohu) and the Big Head Carp.
Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
A total of 5 induced breeding trials were carried out in
1990. 8 females were used. Complete spawning was observed in 4
females, partial spawning in 2 females, whilst the remaining
female failed to spawn. The dosage of hormones used for
inducement was as follows
Female
Male
~st Dose 250 IU HCG/kg
+ 1mg CPE/kg
~nd Dose 4mg CPE/kg
4-6mg CPE/kg
The time interval between the two doses was 6 hours. The
total number of fry produced from the above breeding trials
amounted to 34,400.
Fry Production
During the year, 11 pairs of Catla (Catla catla), 13 pairs
of Rohu (Labeo rohita), and 6 pairs of Big Head Carp
(Aristichthys nobilis) were used in breeding trials. The
production from these trials amounted to 104,460 Catla fry,
299,548 Rohu fry and 104,815 Big Head Carp fry.
75
3.3.3 Breeding of Catfishes
The year 1990 saw the introduction of the African catfish,
Clarias gariepinus, which subsequently eclipsed the demand and
culture of local Clarias species. The African catfish which is
presently referred to as the Exotic Catfish, has a much better
growth rate than the local ones. Above all, the Exotic catfish is
apparently more resistant to diseases that had plagued the
culture of the local species. Research was conducted to determine
the optimum rate of stocking for gonadal development. Besides the
exotic catfish, research was also conducted on the induced
breeding of Baung (Mystus nemurus).
Exotic Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
A study to determine the optimum stocking rate for gonadal
development was initiated in March, 1990. stocking rates of
25/100m2 , 12/100m2 and 8/100m2 were used. Monthly sampling was
carried out for the in vivo examination of the diameter of 20 to
30 ova. Results indicated that there were no significant
differences among the stocking rates. The experiment was
terminated in December because of mass mortality in the ponds
with the two lower stocking rates. The dosage for induced
breeding through the use of hormones was determined to be 4,000-
6,000 IU/kg. The findings will be reported in a technical paper
which is being prepared.
Baung (Mystus nemurus)
The technique for the induced breeding of this fish had been
standardized in 1989. FUrther studies were conducted on the use
76
of LHRH-a and pimozide. At this juncture, results have not been
encouraging as yet.
Fry production
The project was able to produce 329,328 fry of Exotic
Catfish.
3.3.4 Genetics and Breeding of Tilapia
Research into the genetic selection of the Siamese strain of
the Red Tilapia was continued into 1990. Stocks of the Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis
aureus) were maintained at FFRC for future experimentation.
Genetic selection by growth
Growth selection was performed in 7 fibreglass tanks.
Selection pressures of between 3 to 10% were applied. Efforts to
mass-produce 'super-growers' are scheduled for 1991 now that
there is a stock of selected individuals.
Genetic selection by colour
This on-going exercise involved the careful selection of
breeders with desirable body colouration in terms of intensity
and coverage. In experimental tanks, 100% red was maintained. In
the production ponds, 99.24 to 99.95% was achieved compared to
98.23 to 99.90% for 1989.
Genetic selection by morphological features
Data were collected on the relationship of standard length
to head length, body depth and weight. More data points for
individuals of standard lengths between 170mm and 240mm have been
77
obtained through sampling done on fish for culture experiments
under the pond-culture project. It is envisaged that the breeding
of fish with superior morphological features may result in
progeny having reduced head and increased body girth, a feature
desirable in aquaculture.
Sex-reversal
Red Tilapia fry were fed 30ppm methyltestosterone till one
month old. The fry were then transferred to cages and ponds.
Survival rates in cages ranged from 61.8 to 76.8%, while those in
the ponds ranged from 48 to 88%.
Fry production
A total of 508,149 Red Tilapia fry was distributed to
farmers, both for pond and cage culture, and bodies such as
universities, schools and other institutions. In addition to
this, a total of 2,780 Nile Tilapia was produced.
3.3.5 Breeding and culture of ornamental Fishes
In 1990, efforts were continued to collect as
ornamental fish species as possible. Since the ornamental
industry took on a new level of importance, the FFRC has
taken on the role as a centre for ornamental fish research
many
fish
also
and
channelling of technology. Much effort was devoted to developing
the proper facilities to cater for the breeding of the various
species which represent about 10 families of fish. These include
50 species from the Family CYPRINIDAE, CHARACIDAE, ANABANTIDAE,
CICHLIDAE, POECILIIDAE, CALLICHTHYIDAE, LORICARIIDAE,
NOTOPTERIDAE,_OSTEOGLOSSIDAE, and GOBIIDAE.
78
Breeding of species of the Family Characidae
The following species have been successfully bred :
Black Tetra Silver-tipped Tetra Pristelle Tetra
Gyrnnocoryrnbus ternetzi Hasemania nana Pristella riddlei
The conditions for spawning these species are basically the
same. Rain-water or 'ageq' tap-water was used. A pair of breeders
or a ratio of 2 males to 5 females was used. To prevent eggs
being eaten, a netlon netting was utilized to allow the eggs to
fallout of the reach of the parents.
Breeding of species of" the Family cyprinidae
The following species have been successfully bred
Pygmy Rasbora Side-bar Barb Rosy Barb
Rasbora maculata Hampala macrolepidota Punt ius conchonius
Although many of the members of this family are local
species, there were considerable difficulties in breeding them
because they often needed very special conditions. For example,
the Pygmy Rasbora needs water with a pH of 3 to 4, and shallow
water of 10-15cm depth in addition to the presence of sunlight
early in the morning.
Breeding of species of the Family Anabantidae
Only one species of anabantid was bred in 1990, that is, the
Golden Gouramy, Trichogaster trichopterus. Water depth of 10 to
15 cm was used. Water plants such as the water hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) were
provided for the males to build their nests. Spawning usually
79
occurred in the morning. As many as 1,000 eggs may be shed by the
female.
Breeding of species of the Family osteoglossidae
A total of 26 specimens of the Golden Arowana, Scleropages
formosus, was obtained from Perak. The growth of the fish was as
follows
Standard Length l£ml Weight l.o.l
1.11.90 8.4 9.52 (7.0 - 9.2) (7.4 - 11. 3)
4.12.90 11.9 27.1 (10.0 - 13.5) (22.3 - 31.2)
31.12.90 14.8 47.9 (14.0 - 15.7) ( 41.1 - 51. 6)
Mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) anq freshwater prawns
(Macrobrachium lanchestri) were fed to the fish. At the rate they
were growing, the fish may probably be stocked in the ponds next
year for natural breeding.
3.3.6 Pond-culture of Red Tilapia
A verification trial on the mono-sex culture of the red
tilapia was conducted in 0.2ha ponds with a stocking rate of 125
fish/100m2 . The average weight of the manually selected males was
97g while that of the females was 85g. The fishes were fed with
32% crude protein feed and after 5 months the results indicated
that the males grew much bigger compared to the females as shown
below:
Average wt. (g) Survival (%) FeR yield (ton/ha/yr)
80
Male 541
88 1.8
11.8
Female 396
86 1.9 8.4
The yield of 11.8 ton/ha/yr obtained from this verification
trial confirm that yields of above 10 tons/ha/yr are a reality
with the all male population.
3.3.7 Pond-culture of Prawns (Udang Galah)
Observations were carried out on the following aspects of
udang galah culture:
1) utilizing raceways for udang galah nursery;
2) utilizing ponds for udang galah nursery;
3) udang galah culture by direct stocking of juveniles; and
4) udang galah culture utilizing post nursery shrimps in ponds.
One way to increase the survival rates in culture ponds is
to use post nursery shrimps of a larger size. In line with this
nursery culture trials were conducted both in raceways and in
ponds. Results of the culture trials in raceways after 2 months
indicated that stocking rates have an effect on the survival
rates. cultures with stocking rates of 50/m2 and 200/m2 had
survivals of 54.5% and 67.9% respectively compared to only 36.0%
and 22.0% in cultures stocked at 250/m2 and 500/m2 respectively.
More trials will be conducted to determine the optimum
stocking rate. However in one nursery pond with almost similar
stocking rate (45/m2 ), with an initial weight of 0.005g after 2
months the survival was similar that is 54%, but the size of the
shrimps from the ponds was larger with an average weight of 1.28g
mainly due to the availability of natural food in ponds.
81
Pond culture utilizing post nursery juveniles at a stocking
rate of 10/m2, yielded 2, 448kg/ha/yr, with a survival value of
23% after 6 months. However in the case of direct stocking with
similar stocking rates with juveniles of 0.005gm, the yield was
only 868kg/ha/yr, with a survival of only 11% after 7 months,
indicating that some form of nursery. management is needed to
increase survival in culture ponds.
3.3.8 Pond-culture of Sea-Bass (Siakap)
Siakap at present is mainly cultured in marine or
brackishwater cages or ponds but it has been observed to grow
well in freshwater ponds utilizing gambusia, tilapia and shrimps
(Macrobrachium lanchestri) as a source of live feed. A siakap
culture experiment was conducted in 0.2ha ponds with a stocking
rate of 2,500 fish/ha and fed with live feed. After 5 months the
survival of the fish in the ponds was between 45-60%. The
results indicate that siakap perform well in freshwater ponds
utilizing live feed. More trials will be conducted to determine'
the optimum stocking rate and the feed conversion which will help \
in the estimation of the amount of live feed that must be
cultured as a source of feed.
3.3.9 Culture of Live-feed
Attempts to mass-culture organisms such as infusoria,
tUbifex, Moina, rotifers and bloodworms were undertaken in
experimental tanks. Of these, encouraging results were only
obtained in the culture of Moina and rotifers. However the
culture of algae utilizing NPK fertilizers has just begun and
attempts- to isolate pure culture of Chlorella, Scenedesmus and
82
Nitzchia are in progress.
3.3.10 Fish Nutrition
The main part of the research in nutrition was devoted to
the determination of the pattern of consecutive gonadal
development of the spent Puntius gonionotus female whose findings
will help in the future evaluation of nutritional parameters on
gonad maturation. The pattern of gonadal development was studied
by utilizing spent females acquired through induced spawning.
Results indicate that after 5 weeks the fishes attain almost
maximum GSI (16.0) after which they can be spawned again. In
terms of GSI it was observed to increase as the gonad increases
and to decrease as the gonads attain maximum size indicating that
liver activity is greatest as gonads develop. Approximate
analysis such as crude protein, lipid and ash content of the
gonad and
pattern of
carcass will give an in-depth understanding
gonadal development and the effects of
nutritional parameters on gonadal maturation.
3.3.11 Fish disease diagnosis and control
of the
various
Research activity on fish disease was curtailed to the
minimum during the year owing to the absence of the project
officer, who was away on study leave for the greater part of the
year. However, no major fish disease outbreaks were encountered,
except for minor parasitic ailments which were brought under
control through prompt treatment of the diseased fish.
3.3.12 study of impoundments/reservoirs
Within the framewOrk of the ASEAN-EEC Aquaculture
83
1- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Development and Coordination Programme (AADCP) Component 2, FFRC
was given the task of carrying out a comprehensive study of
reservoirs in Malaysia, with the view to fishery development and
enhancement, along with cage culture development in reservoirs.
AADCP Component 2 is to be implemented under a cooperation
between Malaysia (in ASEAN) and the Netherlands (in EC), and more
specifically through a twinning arrangement between FFRC and the
Department of Fish Culture and Fisheries (DFCF) in Wageningen,
the Netherlands. During the preparatory phase of the project,
reconnaissance trips were made to 2 reservoirs: semenyih in
Selangor and Kenyir in Terengganu, in February, April and May, in
order to work out a 5 year research programme (AADCP/WP/6). These
2 reservoirs have been identified as the permanent study sites
for the project, with the rationale that the findings of studies
carried out here may be applicable in the fishery development of
other impoundments in the country.
The research programme for this project comprises:
a) biology of indigenous fish,
b) stock assessment of indigenous fish in the reservoirs,
c) limnology, and
d) experimental cage culture.
A programme of regular studies on the reservoirs began in
September, 1990, and by the end of the year the Kenyir Dam was
visited 3 . times (October ,-November, December) and- Semenyih- 4 -
times (monthly from September to December). Studies were focussed
more on fish biology and limnology. -
84
Public stocking of inland waters with fish fry
In an effort to replenish fish life in inland waters FFRC
was able to release a total of 281,170 fish fry from 5 species
into public waters in the states of Johor and Melaka.
3.3.13 National Agriculture Park, Shah Alam
studies on the 3 impoundments at the Park (Taman Pertanian
Negara) in Shah Alam were continued in 1990. The studies include
water quality, fish fry release and cage culture.
water quality
Water samples were collected and analysed on a monthly
basis. Results obtained indicated that the Danau Perikanan is
clearly more productive than the other 2 water bodies, based on
the alkalinity value (42.2 mg/l CaC03 ) which was 4 times higher
than in the Empangan Air Kuning, and 5 times higher than in
Empangan Sg. Baru.
Water transparency, measured by the Secchi Disc reading in
the Danau was found to be the lowest among the 3 impoundments.
The main reason for this was due to the excavation of the area
for the laying of a gas pipeline by PETRONAS in August - October,
1990, which increased the water turbidity considerably. This had
also caused the lowering of the surface oxygen content in the
water. The other two impoundments registered higher oxygen
values.
85
Generally, all the'3 impoundments have shown a positive
improvement in the water quality except for the alkalinity value
in Empangan Sg. Baru which had surprisingly dropped to almost
half of its 1989 value, for reasons still to be established. The
pH values of the 3 impoundments has shown a positive trend
towards neutrality. The ammonia levels, although increased, are
still within safe levels for fish life.
Cage Culture
This activity was carried out merely as a, demonstration to
the public. A total of 16 square cages of the size 3m x 3m and 1
hexagonal cage have been used for this purpose in Empangan Sg.
Baru. The various species of freshwater fishes reared in these
cages include :
Leptobarbus hoevenii (Jelawat) 2 cages
Colossoma bidens (Pacu) 2 cages
Clarias gariepinus (Keli Eksotika) 1 cage
Cyprinus carpio (Lee Koh) 1 cage
Osphronemus goramy (Kalui) 1 cage
Pangasius sutchi (Patin) 4 cages
Tilapia Merah 4 cages
Monthly samplings were carried out to record the growth of
the fish. The results of the samplings were used to estimate the
amount of feed to be given in each of the cages.
86
Fishery development
A programme of fish release into the 3 impoundments was
continued in 1990, with the objective to replenish fish life in
these water bodies. By the end of 1990 a sum totalling 67,781
fish fry were released into the 3 water bodies: 32,683 fry into
Danau Perikanan; 12,600 into Empangan Air Kuning; and 22,498 into
Empangan Sg. Baru. The fry were produced at FFRC. They comprised
10 species of fish, including 4 species of the major Chinese and
Indian Carps and 6 species of indigenous fish. The fish released
were monitored through periodic sampling using gill nets.
3.3.14 water quality in aquaculture:
Sg. Melaka water intake point
Daily sampling of the river at FFRC1s water intake point in
Batu Berendam was carried out on all working days. water quality
parameters measured included water temperature, dissolved oxygen,
pH, conductivity, ammoniacal nitrogen, alkalinity and
transparency. Results indicate that the water quality has
deteriorated compared to that of last year, mainly in parameters
such as ammonia where it has increased from an average of 1.54 to
6.50; the conductivity increased from 87.6 to 171.3; and the
alkalinity increased from 20.0 to 37.4. These increases were
attributed to the closure of the tidal gates downstream during
the prolonged drought period. This had resulted in stagnation of
the water in the river upstream bringing about anaerobic
conditions as indicated by the low DO which further declined with
87
the influx of effluents containing high organic load.
survey of Sg. Melaka
Water samples from the Melaka river were taken at seven
stations along the river once a month at high and low tide. In
all 8 parameters were measured: temperature, pH, ammonia,
conductivity, salinity, DO, BOD and TSS. In general, there was
not much variation during high or low tide. Parameters that
showed variations along the river are ammonia, conductivity, BOD,
DO, salinity and TSS. Four stations, at the upper part of the
river from Kuala Sg. putat up to the MARDEC factory, showed
increases in ammonia and reduction in the DO, indicating that
these locations are the sources of organic pollution.
Experimental ponds
Water quality was measured in the various experimental
culture ponds : 4 B-ponds for the culture of udang galah, 6 ponds
for the culture of siakap, 11 ponds for the maintenance of
broodstock and 6 ponds utilized as nursery for catfishes. Water
quality in these ponds was generally satisfactory with no records
of adverse fluctuations that could be detrimental to the fish or
prawns.
88
3.4
3.4.1
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research centre, Johor
Kajian Menentukan Peringkat Umur dan Kadar Semaian Benih Yang optima Untuk Ternakan Intensif dan separa Intensif Udang putih (Penaeus merquiensis) Dalam Kolam.
Walaupun projek kajian yang dirancangkan melibatkan kadar
kadar semaian 301m2 dan 401m2 tetapi semasa melaksana projek
berkenaan kadar semaian 401m2 telah ditolak. Ini adalah
berdasarkan kepada hasil keputusan yang diperolehi dari kajian
dengan kadar 301m2 yang menunjukkan kadar tumbesaran udang sudah
mulai terbantut. Oleh itu kadar semaian yang lebih rendah (101m2)
telah digunakan.
Data-data keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kadar tumbesaran
Udang Putih bertambah baik dengan benih yang lebih kasar (PL20)
bagi sistem ekstensif (101m2 ) berbanding dengan Intensif (301m2 ).
Walaubagaimanapun data-data keputusan ujian ini belum dapat
digunakan untuk menentukan kadar semaian (iaitu 101m2 ataupun
301m2 ) yang optimum untuk ternakan Udang Putih. Ini memandangkan
kematian udang di kolam ternakan telah berlaku semasa ternakan
ekstensif akibat keadaan cuaca/musim hujan. Kajian lanjut akan
diteruskan pada tahun 1991.
89
3.4.2 Kajian Ternakan intensif'.
Udang Harimau Secara 'super-
Keputusan yang diperolehi adalah menggalakan. Sekalipun
keputusan yang diperolehi menggalakan tetapi memandangkan sistem
pengurusan yang rumit serta risikonya yang tinggi pihak pusat
berpendapat adalah tidak wajar sistem ini dipraktikan di
Malaysia.
3.4.3 Kajian Ternakan Pembesaran Ikan siakap Dalam Kolam Dengan Makanan Pelet Rumusan Pusat.
Sebanyak 6 ternakan dijalankan iaitu 2 ternakan bagi setiap
saiz benih ( 3.0 sm, 5.6 sm dan 7.3 sm) yang ditentukan. Ujian-
ujian ini telah dilaksanakan didalam kolam-kolam bersaiz 0.15
hektar. Jangkarnasa ternakan telah ditetapkan pada sekitar 6
bulan. Makanan yang digunakan adalah makanan rumusan pusat iaitu
Pramula 20. Data-data tumbesaran ikan dalam ujian sehingga ini
belum dapat menunjukkan saiz benih yang paling sesuai di antara
ketiga-tiga saiz yang diuji.
3.4.4 Ujian Terhadap Ternakan Ikan Tilapia Merah Di Dalam Kolam.
Ujian lanjutan bagi menentukan teknik mengaklimatisasi
benih-benih Tilapia Merah yang baru diterima dari Pusat
Penyelidikan Ternakan Ikan Airtawar, Batu Berendam, Melaka ke air
payau telah berjaya menentukan kaedah ataupun prosidur
aklimatisasi yang paling berkesan. Dengan mengamal kaedah yang
diadakan, kadar kematian benih Tilapia Merah semasa proses
90
aklimatasi ke air payau dapat dikurangkan ke tahap kurang dari
15%.
Bagi ujian di peringkat pembesaran di kolam, keputusan
muktamat bagi tahun 1990 belum dapat dibuat memandangkan beberapa
ternakan belum dapat ditamatkan. Bagaimanapun data-data dari
kajian sehingga ini adalah amat menggalakkan dimana hasil
ternakan telah mencapai 62.1% hidup dengan jumlah hasil per
ternakan sekitar 16 tan per hektar.
Dari ujian pertama ini pihak pusat yakin bahawa ikan Tilapia
Merah mempunyai potensi baik dari aspek kesesuaian diternak dalam
kolam air payau. Bagaimanapun data-data dari ujian lanjut akan
dapat menentukan ekonomi dan seterusnya potensi ternakan ikan
Tilapia Merah sebagai jenis alternatif yang boleh diternak dalam
kolam air payau. Langkah-langkah juga akan diambil dari aspek
'post harvest' untuk mempastikan harga dan pasarannya adalah
lumaian.
3.4.5 Kajian Perumusan Makanan Untuk udang Harimau (Penaeus monodon) Di Peringkat Asohan.
Keputusan ujian terhadap mutu 6 jenis rumusan makanan yang
telah dijalankan pada tahun lalu telah menunjukkan rumusan
Primula 104 adalah yang paling berkesan menghambat tumbesaran
benih Udang Harimau. Rumusan Primula 104 ini seterusnya
diubahsuaikan untuk menghasilkan 7 jenis makanan yang digelar
Primula 104.1 hingga 104.7. Rumusan-rumusan ini diuji dan data-
91
data ujian menunjukkan bahawa makanan rumusan Primula 104.3
adalah yang terbaik. Ujian perbandingan dengan makanan komersial
yang ada menunjukkan Primula 104.3 jatuh ketempat ketiga. Kajian
seterusnya akan dibuat bagi mernperbaiki mutunya.
3.4.6 Ujian Perumusan Makanan Udang merquiensis) Peringkat 'Grower'.
Keputusan yang dijalankan sehingga
Putih (Penaeus
kini menunjukkan
kandungan lemak sebanyak 5% dalarn makanan yang dirumus memberikan
peratus pertambahan berat yang tertinggi.
3.4.7 Kajian Perumusan Makanan Untuk rkan Tilapia Merah.
Dari ujian yang telah dilaksanakan, adalah didapati bahawa
di antara rninyak-minyak yang telah digunakan, minyak kelapa telah
rnernberi pertarnbah berat yang tertinggi dan rninyak ikan yang
terendah. Keputusan ini menunjukkan juga keperluan jenis minyak
adalah tidak sama bagi ikan air tawar dengan ikan air payaujlaut.
3.4.8 Kajian Pengawasan Parameter Mutu Air sungai Gelang Patah.
Data-data bulanan julat Kernasinan Air, pH, Oksigen Terlarut,
Keperluan Oksigen Biologi, Jumlah Pepejal Terapong dan Ammonia di
sepanjang Sungai Gelang Patah telah dikutip pada tahun 1990.
Penganalisisandata-data tersebut di atas rnenunjukkan bahawa
mutu air di sekitaran ulu sungai ini rnerosot dan sarna seperti
pada tahun 1989 lalu. Bagairnanapun, rnutu air berdekatan kawasan
92
kompleks kolam pusat adalah lebih baik dan masih sesuai untuk
ternakan. Bagaimanapun dengan berdasarkan kepada paras Oksigen
Terlarut, Keperluan Oksigen Biologi dan Ammonia ianya boleh
dikelaskan sebagai 'slightly polluted'. Mutu air di Sg. Gelang
Patah yang berdekatan dengan kawasan cadangan penambahan pusat
adalah baik.
Pada keseluruhannya faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan mutu air
di sungai ini, khasnya di hulunya merosot adalah pencemaran.
3.4.9 Kajian Terhadap Parameter Mutu Air dan Tanah Yang optima Untuk Ternakan Udang dan Ikan Laut Di Kolam.
Parameter mutu air yang diawasi adalah Kemasinan Air,
Kemasaman Air (pH), Oksigen Terlarut, 'Sediment Oxygen Demand'
(SOD) dan 'Ammoniacal Nitrogen' (NH4-N).
a) Mutu Air Di Kolam Ternakan Ikan siakap.
Secara amnya pH dan kadar kemasinan air yang rendah sering
berlaku pada permukaan air kolam khasnya selepas hujan lebat.
Bagaimanapun mutu air di kolam masih tidak menjejaskan ternakan.
b) Mutu Air Di Kolam Ternakan Ikan Tilapia Merah.
Masalah Oksigen rendah «2.0 ppm) telah berlaku beberapa
kali akibat kerosakkan alat pengudaraan.
93
c) Mutu Air Di Rolam Ternakan Udang Putih.
Tidak ada perbezaan yang ketara di parameter mutu air di
antara kolam-kolam yang digunakan untuk menternak udang Putih.
Pada amnya, mutu air ternakan adalah baik dan tidak menjejaskan
ternakan.
d) Mutu Air Di Rolam Ternakan Udang Harimau.
seperti yang dijangkakan ternakan super-intensif mencatatkan
nilai-nilai Jumlah Ammonia dan 'SOD' yang tinggi berbanding
dengan ternakan Separa-intensif.
3.4.10 Kajian Kesan Rekabentuk Kolam Terhadap Masalah Asid Sulfid.
Pengawasan terhadap mutu tanah menunjukkan pH tanah pada
dasar semua kolam tidak bersifat asid sulfid dan hanya ban di
sekeliling sebuah kolam mengalami asid sulfid. Satu kolam lagi
tidak ada data memandangkan permukaan tanah di ban kolam telah
ditutup dengan plastik.
Data-data tanah, air dan juga hasil ternakan sehingga ini
menunjukkan masalah asid sulfid dapat dikurangkan dengan cara
membina kolam tanpa mengorek tapak ataupun secara menutupi
permukaan ban kolam.
2.4.11 Kajian PengawasanJenis-jenis Penyakit dan Parasit Ikan/Udang Airpayau Serta Rawatan dan Pengawalannya.
Dengan kemajuan yang telah dicapai melalui kajian/pengawasan
94
yang dijalankan beberapa jenis penyakit yang menyerang ternakan
ikan dan udang di kolam-kolam pus at telah dapat dikesan dan
langkah-langkah rawatan serta pencegahan telah dikenalpasti. 'Di
antaranya ialah serangan organisma (Epistylis sp.) ke atas udang-
udang ternakan, serangan (Piscicola sp.) keatas ikan Siakap dan
Tilapia merah, serangan monogenea, (Diplectanum sp.) ,
(Dactylogyrus sp.), protozoa (Trichodina sp.) pada insang dan
badan anak ikan Siakap dalam sistem 'raceway', serangan parasit
(Argulus sp.) pada badan anak ikan Siakap dan ikan Sembilang.
Kajian serangan penyakit di ternakan ikan dalam sangkar
Kukup, Johor menunjukkan ikan-ikan khasnya ikan siakap yang
bersaiz kurang dari 3 inci telah diserang oleh penyakit 'tail and
fin rot'. Sebab utama berlakunya serangan ini adalah keadaan
sekitaran kawasan yang semakin tercemar maupun akibat aktiviti
ternakan yang sudah lama dan bilangannya yang bertambah serta
peningkatan aktiviti pelancongan kekawasan Kukup.
Dalam hal ini adalah disyorkan supaya pihak penternak lebih
peka terhadap keadaan sekitar dan kualiti benih. Di samping itu
pihak jabatan perlu mengujudkan satu unit penyelidikan dan
pengawasan di kawasan berkenaan.
2.4.12
Data
Kajian Ekonomi Pengeluaran Perbandingan Ekonomi Di antara Kolam Yang Menggunakan sistem Pam Dengan sistem Pasang-Surut.
keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan tidak ada
95
perbezaan yang ketara di antara hasil ternakan yang diperolehi
dari kedua sistem tersebut. Bagaimanapun terdapat perbezaan
pengeluaran hasil di antara ujian pusingan pertama dan kedua bagi
kedua-dua sistem yang diuji (di mana hasil ternakan telah
merosot). Faktor utama yang mungkin menyebabkan kemerosotan ini
adalah cuaca (musim) hujan dan adalah terbukti kedua-dua sistem
ini tidak dapat mengatasi masalah ini.
ujian-ujian yang dijalankan juga menunjukkan bahawa tidak
ada perbezaan dari segi hasil keluaran diantara sistem Pasang-
Surut dengan Sistem Pam yang ada di pusat ini. Bagaimanapun
rekabentuk kolam Sistem Pam yang ada tidaklah begitu sempurna
memandangkan sistem ini telah diubahsuai dari kolam bersistem
pasang-surut dan tidak mampu mencapai keupayaan sebenar yang
dapat diamalkan dalam sistem pam. Antara kelemahan yang ada ialah
pengepaman air yang masih terhad pad a sesuatu masa dan
ketidakupayaan untuk mengadakan 'flow-through'.
2.4.13 Perbandingan Kesesuaian dan Ekonomi Di Antara Kolam Berdasar Pasir Dengan Lumpur Untuk Ternakan Udang.
Keputusan yang diperolehi dari ujian pusingan pertama
menunjukkan kolam yang berdasar pasir adalah lebih baik dari segi
pengeluaran hasil. Data-data menunjukkan pencapaian maupun kadar
hidup ataupun kadar tumbesaran udang lebih baik di kolam berdasar
pasir. Kajian ini akan diteruskan dalam tahun 1991 kelak.
96
3.5 Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu (Pusat Penyelidikan Sumber Ikan Marin, Terengganu)
3.5.1 Kajian Migrasi Tuna di Laut China Selatan
Kajian penandaan tuna kecil telah bermula pada bulan Jun
1990 dan dijadualkan berakhir pada Februari 1991. Projek ini
telah mengujudkan kerjasama yang baik di antara kakitangan
penyelidikan dan nelayan. Sebanyak 5 trip ke laut telah dapat
diatur dan sejumlah 3,803 ekor ikan tuna kecil telah dapat
ditanda dengan penanda plastik. Ikan-ikan tersebut terdiri dari 2
spesies utama iaitu Euthynnus affinis atau aya kurik (58.0%) dan
Thunnus tonggol atau aya hitam (41.9%). Sehingga Disember 1990,
sebanyak 48 ekor ikan tuna bertanda telah ditemui semula oleh
nelayan tempatan disamping 4 ekor ditangkap oleh nelayan Thai dan
bot K&I yang beroperasi di Laut China selatan.
Panjang (fork length) ikan-ikan tuna yang ditanda pada
peringkat awal adalah antara 14.0 - 45.0 sm untuk T. tonggol
manakala 14.0 - 49.0 sm bagi ~. affinis.
Penemuan ikan tuna bertanda pertama T. tonggol ialah semasa
operasi trip kedua kajian dijalankan dan ikan bertanda itu
didapati berada di kawasan yang sama semasa pelepasan. Ikan
tersebut mempunyai saiz panjang 21.0 sm. Kebanyakan ikan yang
ditemui semula adalah dari kawasan timur laut Pulau Kapas (di
dalam lingkungan grid 5103B). Ikan-ikan tersebut ditangkap semula
dengan kaedah yang sama, iaitu mengolok (trolling) dan sebahagian
kecil ditangkap dengan kaedah pukat jerut.
97
Dalam bulan Julai, ikan-ikan bertanda didapati bergerak dari
kawasan laut ke arah pantai dan menghala ke utara pada bulan
Oktober. Pergerakan ini ada hubungkaitnya dengan pergerakan arus
laut (surface current).
Kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa ikan-ikan tuna kecil di
Malaysia membesar dengan kadar purata
bagaimanapun kadar pembesaran didapati
peringkat awal pembesaran.
2.3sm sebulan. Walau
lebih tinggi semasa
3.5.2 Kajian Bio1ogi Tuna
Tiga
Malaysia.
spesies
spesies
utama ikan tuna kecil didapati
berkenaan ialah ~. affinis (Aya
di perairan
kurik), T.
tonggol (Aya hitam) dan Auxis thazard (Aya selasih). Dari segi
komposisi, peratusan T. tonggol adalah paling tinggi dengan
48.9%, diikuti oleh ~. affinis, 44.3 % dan ~. thazard, 16.3 %.
T. tonggol didapati mencapai kematangan pertama apabila saiz
panjangnya mencapai 433.0 mm, manakala saiz panjang ~. affinis
ialah 371.2 mm dan bagi ~. thazard ialah 247.4 mm.
Kajian ke atas gonad ikan-ikan tuna menunjukkan bahawa
thazard mempunyai berat gonad yang paling tinggi
dibandingkan dengan spesies lain pada peringkat kematangan
sama. Berat gonad pada kematangan IV untuk jantina betina
~.
jika
yang
~.
thazard, ~. affinis dan T. tonggol ialah 43g, 17g dan 9g masing
masingnya. Manakala untuk jantina jantan pula be rat gonadnya
ialah 44g, 37g dan 22g masing-masing.
98
3.5.3 Kajian Penggunaan Payao dalam Perikanan Rekreasi
Sebanyak 10 biji payao telah dilancarkan dalam dua
peringkat untuk perikanan rekreasi di perairan Pulau Redang.
Payao-payao itu dilengkapi dengan lerek-lerek daripada daun
kelapa dan sebahagiannya daripada jurai-jurai plastik. Objektif
pelancaran payao ini adalah untuk menggalakkan perkumpulan ikan
ikan pelagik dan seterusnya boleh digunakan oleh nelayan
tempatan untuk membawa pelancong menangkap ikan di kawasan
tersebut dengan dikenakan bayaran tertentu.
Sebulan selepas pelancaran, lerek-lerek payao telah
dilaporkan hilang kerana musim tengkujuh. Pengawasan tidak dapat
dijalankan kerana bot-bot tidak dapat keluar dan
yang dikemukakan oleh kakitangan Taman Laut
laporan akhir
Pulau Redang
menyatakan bahawa kabel-kabel payao telah putus dan pontoon payao
didapati hilang. Selepas keadaan cuaca agak reda, satu operasi
mencari telah dijalankan, dan 2 biji pontoon payao telah ditemui
semula dan ditempatkan di Taman Laut Pulau Redang. Operasi
seterusnya akan dijalankan oleh PPSIM untuk mencari baki payao
yang masih hilang. Surat-surat telah diedar keseluruh Jabatan
Perikanan di Terengganu, Kelantan dan Pahang.
3.5.4 Kajian Sumber Ikan Rekreasi
Beberapa jenis ikan rekreasi telah dikenalpasti dalam kajian
ini, termasuklah ikan Layaran, Mersuji dan Tenggiri. Beberapa
contoh ikan tersebut sedang dikumpulkan oleh PPSIM dengan
99
kerjasama nelayan tempatan. Ikan-ikan itu akan dibuat "casting"
untuk tujuan pameran.
Sumber
pengumpulan
persampelan
ikan-ikan rekreasi akan dinilai
data sebagaimana yang diamalkan
ikan tuna di bawah program IPTP yang
dengan
dalam
lepas.
kaedah
projek
Borang
berkaitan akan disediakan oleh PPSIM untuk diisi oleh nelayan dan
juga kakitangan PPSIM.
3.5.5 Kajian Penetapan Tahap Pengekploitasian stok
Kajian
dijalankan
ini adalah suatu kajian yang berterusan yang
oleh PPSIM Kuala Terengganu. Data-data diperolehi
dengan membuat persampelan secara rambang di kawasan
ikan di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Data-data
statistik tahunan perikanan juga digunakan untuk
maklumat dari segi jumlah pendaratan oleh sesuatu
pendaratan
dari buku
mendapatkan
peralatan
perikanan dan bilangan bot yang beroperasi mengikut peralatan
perikanan.
Analisis yang dibuat setakat ini menunjukkan
Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia usaha optima yang
untuk pukat tunda berjumlah 6,128 buah bot dengan 31
bahawa di
diperolehi
buah bot
untuk perikanan laut dalam dan 619 buah bot untuk perikanan di
zan B. Manakala zan A boleh menampung sejumlah 5,478 buah bot
khusus bagi perikanan tradisional.
Berbanding dengan keadaan sekarang, bilangan bot pukat tunda
beroperasi boleh ditingkatkan
dalam. Hampir empat kali ganda
terutama untuk perikanan
peningkatan usaha itu
100
laut
boleh
dibenarkan untuk perairan Pantai Timur.
Analisis juga menunjukkan bahawa CPUE pukat jerut semakin
menurun akibat pertambahan bilangan bot yang menjalankan usaha
yang sarna. Keadaan perikanan pukat jerut yang ringkas dan
menguntungkan di awal lapan puluhan telah rnendorong pertambahan
bilangan bot pukat jerut sehingga menyebabkan lebihan bot
berkenaan yang beroperasi di perairan tersebut.
3.5.6 Kajian Pendaratan dan Komposisi Tangkapan Ikan
Pendaratan bot pukat jerut di Jeti Pulau Kambing, Kuala
Terengganu telah diarnbil dari bulan Januari hingga Julai 1990.
Pada keseluruhannya pendaratan Selar crumenophthalmus (Lolong)
adalah paling tinggi iaitu 33.2% dan diikuti oleh Decapterus
macrosoma (Selayang jarum), 28.8% dan ~. ·maruadsi (Selayang
cerut), 11.9%. Pendaratan spesies ikan lain untuk tahun ini
didapati kurang dari 10% ialah Rastrelliger kanagurta (Kembong),
g. affinis (Aya kurik) dan Selar boops (Lolong).
Perbandingan komposisi pendaratan bagi bulan Januari
menunjukkan ikan~. crumenophthalmus ialah paling tinggi (iaitu
43%) dan ikuti oleh ~. maruadsi (36%) dan B. kanagurta (16%).
Purata pendaratan untuk setiap trip yang mengambil masa 3 4
hari ialah 22,950 kg.
Peratusan tangkapan ikan~. crumenophthalmus dalam bulan
Februari adalah tinggi juga iaitu 30% manakala untuk spesies ~.
boops ialah 29% dan ~.maruadsi, 20%. Pendaratan ikan lain
101
dalam bulan ini didapati peratusannya kurang daripada 6% iaitu R.
kanagurta, .Q. macrosoma, Sardinella spp dan Loligo spp. PUrata
p~ndaratan pula setiap bot ialah 12,793 kg.
Pada bulan Mac, hanya data pendaratan dari sebuah bot sahaja
yan~fdapat diambil dan didapati bahawa.Q. maruadsi menunjukkan
pendaratan paling tinggi iaitu 56% dan ianya diikuti oleh Q.
crumenophthalmus dengan sebanyak 26% dan D. macrosoma, 18%.
Purata pendaratan bulanan setiap bot ialah 16,590 kg.
Bagi pendaratan bulan April,~. crumenophthalmus dan D.
maruadsi masing-masing mencapai peratus sebanyak 38% dan spesies
lain mencapai peratus kurang dari 10%. Purata pendaratan pada
bulan ini untuk setiap bot ialah 24,797 kg.
Pendaratan untuk bulan Jun pula menunjukkan ikan ~.
crurnenophthalrnus rnasih paling tinggi iaitu 61% dan E. kanagurta,
30%. Purata pendaratan setiap bot untuk bulan Jun ialah 8,475kg,
manakala bulan Julai ialah 27,750 kg. dan sebaliknya pendaratan
~.macrosoma adalah paling tinggi dalam bulan ini iaitu 50%.
3.5.7 Kajian Penggunaan Remote sensing Kelompok Ikan Pelajik
dalam Mengesan
Kajian ini tidak dapat bergerak dengan licin pada mUlanya
kerana PPSIM masih bergantung sepenuhnya kepada khidmat bimbingan
dari Pusat Remote Sensing Negara (PRSN), Kuala Lumpur yang mana
pus at tersebut telah ditubuhkan untuk memberi khidmat kepada
pengguna-pengguna seperti PPSIM. Data-data seperti imej-imej NOAA
yang perlu digunakan masih berada di Jabatan Perkhidmatan
102
Kajicuaca Malaysia (JPKM)
masalah teknikal.
dan pihak JPKM telah menghadapi
Sementara masalah itu diperbaiki oleh pihak JPKM, kakitangan
PPSIM telah pun menerima latihan dalam Digital Image Processing
dan Radar Remote Sensing dari PRSN. Dengan latihan ini kakitangan
akan lebih yakin untuk terus melaksanakan projek tersebut pada
tahun 1991.
3.5.8 Kajian Pembangunan Sumber Berpotensi
Berbanding dengan tahun-tahun yang lepas, kajian di bawah
program ini telah diberi keutamaan yang agak rendah kerana
bilangan pegawai penyelidik yang kecil serta pengalihan tumpuan
kepada program pemuliharaan penyu.
Walaubagaimana pun PPSIM telah berusaha mengkaji rekabentuk
tukun-tukun yang akan dapat menarik spesies-spesies spesifik at au
spesies sasaran. Dalam hal ini, PPSIM telah mencuba membuat tukun
sotong dan tukun udang karang bertujuan untuk mengumpul sotong
dan udang karang bagi maksud pembiakbaikan di Taman Laut Pulau
Redang. Pengawasan ke atas pembinaan tukun tukun itu akan
dijalankan dengan bantuan pihak Pengurusan Taman Laut Pulau
Redang.
3.5.9 Kajian Migrasi Teknologi satelit
Penyu Belimbing Menggunakan
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpastikan arah dan
103
pergerakan
tamat di
Penyu-penyu Belimbing di laut selepas musim bertelur
pantai Terengganu Darul Iman. Hasil ini akan juga
membantu menentukan kawasan-kawasan tempat tinggal penyu-penyu
itu dan buat masa ini tempat yang dispekulasikan sebagai tempat
tinggal penyu itu di Lautan Pasifik utara.
Dalam kajian ini sebanyak 10 unit alat pemancar telah dibeli
dan hanya 5 unit sahaja yang berfungsi. Sebanyak 3 unit sahaja
yang telah dipasangkan ke atas 3 ekor penyu dan sehingga laporan
ini maklumbalas disediakan dari alat pemancar itu masih belum
diterima.
Kajian ini telah dihentikan buat sementara waktu
mengkaji dengan lebih lanjut tentang gelagat penyu itu
memakai abah-abah (harness) yang digunakan untuk mengikat
pemancar pada sebelah belakang penyu itu. Abah-abah itu
dilaporkan mencederakan bahu penyu dan rekabentuknya akan
semula dalam awal tahun 1991.
untuk
ketika
alat
telah
dikaji
Satu pengajaran baik yang boleh pelajari dari projek ini
adalah kesilapan pelaksanaan kajian dengan secara mend adak
perancangan dan eksperimen yang jitu. Seharusnya gelagat
yang dipasangkan dengan alat pemancar dikaji terlebih
tanpa
penyu
dahulu
dalam kurungan. Menerusi pemerhatian kajian ini ubahsuaian yang
elok terhadap rekabentuk alat pemancar dan abah-abah boleh dibuat
sebelum memasangkan kesemua 10 unit alat pemancar itu. Perkara
ini telah disedari dan sedang diperbaiki untuk dilaksanakan
seterusnya dalam tahun 1991.
104
3.5.10 Kajian Penetasan In situ Telur Penyu Belimbing
Kajian ini melibatkan pengawasan ke atas sebanyak 32 sarang
telur Penyu Belimbing bertujuan untuk menentukan peratusan telur
yang menetas secara in situ at au semulajadi tanpa apa-apa
gangguan manusia. Seterusnya perbandingan dapat dibuat dengan
peratusan telur yang ditetas dalam sarang tiruan yang dibuat di
pusat-pusat penetasan telur terletak di pantai Santuari Penyu
Rantau Abang.
Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa peratusan penetasan
telur secara semulajadi telah melebihi peratusan telur sarang
tiruan dengan purata 15%. Peratusan penetasan telur sarang
semulajadi mencapai 65% manakala penetasan telur sarang tiruan
terbatas kepada 48%. Peratusan telur tersenyawa yang diperolehi
adalah 66%.
Kesimpulan kajian ini ialah bahawa dalam usaha untuk
menambahkan bilangan tetasan telur penyu, usaha menetaskan telur
telur itu di dalam sarang tiruan masih belum dapat mengatasi
peratusan penetasan secara semulajadi. Sehingga satu cara baru
yang mampu mengatasi angka peratusan itu ditemui, usaha
mengalihkan telur-telur penyu ke sarang tiruan akan menjejaskan
jumlah bil~ngan telur yang boleh ditetaskan secara semulajadi dan
usaha-usaha membina pus at-pus at penetasan masih boleh dianggapkan
sebagai satu usaha pembaziran bukan sahaja dari segi
dan juga tenaga manusia tetapi juga dari segi jumlah
telur yang boleh ditetaskan.
105
kewangan
bilangan
Hasil dari temuan ini, syur untuk menumpukan lebih kepada
mengawasi penetasan telur sarang-sarang semulajadi telah dibuat
kepada Majlis Penasihat santuari Penyu Rantau Abang
mesyuaratnya pada 19 Disember 1990.
3.5.11 Kajian Penyu
Kesan Aktiviti Perikanan di Perairan Rantau Abang
dalam
santuari
Dua survei telah dibuat pada waktu yang berasingan iaitu
pada 27 Mei 1990 dan 29 Julai 1990 bertujuan untuk mempastikan
keujudan kegiatan aktiviti perikanan khususnya bubu di perairan
santuari. Pada survei yang pertama, bilangan bubu yang dikesan
adalah berjumlah 450 dan sebanyak 130 bubu dijumpai dalam survei
yang kedua. Kejatuhan bilangan bubu dalam survei kedua adalah
hasil khidmat nasihat yang telah dijalankan oleh Pejabat
Perikanan Negeri Terengganu Darul Iman pada masa antara dua
survei tersebut. Pendidikan di kalangan nelayan yang mengusahakan
bubu di sekitar perairan santuari telah berkesan dan dapat
mengurangkan jumlah kematian penyu akibat aktiviti perikanan dan
dalam tahun 1990, tidak ada laporan kes kematian penyu Belimbing
berbanding dengan 2 kematian pada tahun 1989.
3.5.12 Kajian Penandaan Penyu Laut
Sebanyak 5,000 butir penanda buatan titanium telah dibeli
dari Australia dan pada musim tahun 1990, sebanyak 28 ekor Penyu
Belimbing telah dapat ditandakan. Penanda-penanda itu telah
dipasangkan pada kedua-dua belah kaki belakang dengan menggunakan
sepasang pengetip. Kerja-kerja penandaan penyu laut telah
106
dihadkan kepada Penyu-penyu Belimbing yang telah mendarat di
kawasan pantai santuari Penyu Rantau Abang. Hasil kajian awalan
ini menunjukkan bahawa frekuensi Penyu Belimbing mendarat adalah
sebanyak 3-4 kali dan ini telah menyangkalkan temuan kajian
terdahulu yang menyatakan bahawa angka frekuensi pendaratan
adalah sebanyak 1.5 kali sahaja.
Pada tahun 1991, kerja penandaan penyu laut akan dibuat ke
atas semua spesies penyu laut dan kejayaan kajian ini akan
bergantung kepada laporan-laporan pegawai meronda dan pemajak
yang terlibat.
3.5.13 Kajian Pengasuhan Anak Penyu Belimbing
Ancaman pupus yang dialami oleh Penyu Belimbing dan
kesukaran untuk anak-anak tetasan Penyu Belimbing hidup di dalam
kurungan adalah di antara faktor pendorong kepada terlaksananya
projek printis yang telah dimulakan pada 9 September 1990.
Objektif awalnya ialah untuk mencuba memelihara anak-anak Penyu
Belimbing di dalam kurungan dan memahami faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kemandirian (survival) anak-anak penyu ini. Projek
ini juga dilihat dapat menyediakan data asas kepada pengujudan
program-program susulan seperti stesen penyelidikan atau
pengurusan penyu, "indoor research" , penyelidikan berorientasikan
pengurusan, zoo atau akuarium penyu atau "taman penyu",
"headstarting" penyu dan lain-lain yang berkaitan.
Sebanyak 20 ekor anak penyu dari satu sarang telah diasuh
menggunakan sebahagian daripada kemudahan yang terdapat di PPBIL,
107
Tg. Demong.
Dua bentuk tangki dengan sistem air bergerak telah
digunakan dan makanan-makanan yang terdiri daripada makanan
hidup, cincangan ikan dan sotong dan makanan terumus telah
dicuba.
Sehingga laporan ini disediakan, 18 daripda 20 ekor anak
Penyu Belimbing masih hidup dengan sihat dan anak-anak penyu
bergantung kepada makanan terumus yang terdiri daripada adunan
ikan,
Dengan
sotong, agar dan vitamin campuran dengan rumusan khusus.
berat awal sekitar 38 gm, anak-anakpenyu tersebut kini
mencapai
diberi
seekor.
berat hampir 700 gm setiap ekor. Kos
sehingga 100 hari pemeliharaan tidak
makanan yang
sampai M$10.00
Kejayaan ini telah dapat memecah masalah kesukaran
memelihara anak-anak Penyu Belimbing di dalam kurungan. Kejayaan
awal ini juga akan membuka jalan kepada pelaksanaan cadangan
Jabatan Perikanan untuk menubuhkan stesen Penyelidikan Penyu di
Rantau Abang. Dari sudut pelancongan, kejayaan awal ini akan
memberi munafaat kepada Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu Darul Iman.
Anak-anak Penyu Belimbing bersama-sama dengan anak-anak penyu
lain (Agar, Lipas, Karah dan Tuntung laut) boleh dipelihara di
dalam akuarium dan dipamerkan untuk pelawat-pelawat. Jika usaha
ini dibuat secara besar-besaran melibatkan pemeliharaan semua
saiz dan spesies penyu, adalah diyakinkan ia dapat menjadi
alternatif kepada tumpuan terhadap populasi liar. Dengan ini
gangguan di pantai oleh pelancong-pelancong dapat dikurangkan dan
108
boleh memberi kesan positif kepada usaha pemuliharaan penyu.
3.5.14 Projek Tukun Tiruan ADB di Pulau Perhentian
Projek ini adalah salah satu daripada projek-projek biayaan
ADB. Tajuk projek ini adalah "Penggunaan Tukun Tiruan Buatan Paip
PVC sebagai Sumber pengeluaran Ikan" yang seharusnya disiapkan
pada akhir tahun 1990. Oleh kerana musim tengkujuh hampir tiba,
penawaran tender telah ditangguhkan ke tahun 1991.
Sebagai memulakan projek, satu survei tapak telah diadakan
pada 16-17 Mei 1990 dan PPSIM telah bersedia untuk membuat kajian
asas di tapak yang dicadangkan pada 1-2 minggu sebelum tukun
dilancarkan. Memandangkan pelancaran itu telah ditangguhkan
persediaan telah dibuat seterusnya untuk tahun 1991.
Berikutan satu perbincangan bersama pihak missi ADB pada 22
November 1991 PPSIM telah membuat satu cadangan balas terhadap
pelaksanaan projek di Pulau Perhentian dengan mengambilkira
beberapa syur-syur missi tersebut. Hatta cadangan itu telah
dikemukakan kepada Pejabat Pengurusan projek ADB dan ianya
melibatkan kajian perbandingan antara 3 tapak bertujuan untuk
mempastikan dengan setepatnya keberkesanan tukun dalam
menambahkan sumber ikan di sesuatu kawasan. Kajian ini akan
menentukan juga sama ada usaha pelepasan anak ikan akan
menambahkan biomas kawasan tapak. Pelancaran tapak telah
dirancangkan pada bulan Mach 1991.
3.5.15 Projek Penyelidikan di Taman Laut Pulau Redang
Projek ini telah mula dicadangkan dalam satu mesyuarat yang
109
telah diadakan di Pejabat Perikanan Negeri Terengganu Darul Iman
di mana PPSIM telah diminta mengemukakan satu pelan kajian bagi
Taman Laut Pulau Redang bagi faedah penduduk tempatan. Berikutan
itu PPSIM telah mecadangkan tiga kategori kajian iaitu (I)
Penyelidikan di Makmal (seperti menternak kima, udang karang dan
timun laut) , (2) pembinaan tukun tiruan (untuk faedah nelayan
tempatan mengaut hasil secara terurus) dan (3) penggunaan payao
dalam perikanan rekreasi (untuk penduduk tempatan menawarkan
perkhidmatan kepada industri pelancungan seperti menyediakan
bot, alat memancing dsbn.).
3.5.16 Kajian Inventori Kima di pulau Kapas dan Pulau Gumia
Kajian awal ini mendapati sebanyak 3 spesies kima yang hidup
di sekitar perairan Pulau Kapas dan Pulau Gumia. Spesies-spesies
itu terdiri daripada Tridacna macrosoma, T. croce a dan T.
squamosa.
3.5.17 Projek Usahasama Jabatan Perikanan-IPTP: Pendaratan Ikan Tuna Kecil di Terengganu Darul Iman
Projek ini telah berjalan dari tahun 1987 dan telah berakhir
pada Disember 1990. Persampelan ikan-ikan tuna telah dijalankan
di Pulau Kambing dan juga Chendering. Maklumat-maklumat yang
telah dikumpulkan sepanjang tempoh kajian adalah pendaratan,
usaha dan kepanjangan ikan.
Maklumat yang diperolehi dari kajian ini
menunjukkan bahawa pendaratan ikan tuna kecil semakin berkurangan
110
mulai tahun 1987 hinggalah sekarang. Kemungkinan fenomena ini
terjadi adalah kerana permintaan ikan tuna adalah tidak sebegitu
besar berbanding dengan spesies-spesies lain yang diperolehi
dengan peralatan yang sama. Di Terengganu, pendaratan tuna
tertumpu kepada tiga spesis tuna kecil iaitu Thunnus tonggol (Aya
Hitam), Euthynnus affinis (Aya kurik) dan Auxis thazard (Aya
Selasih). Tuna lautan jarang-jarang sekali diperolehi dan
kebanyakan pendaratan diperolehi di Malaysia Timur terutama
Semporna, Sabah.
3.5.18 Projek Usahasama PPSIM-IPP: Kajian Sumber Mengabang di Pulau Kapas .
Sotong
Sebanyak 30 biji bubu sotong telah diterima dari IPP Pulau
Penang pada awal tahun 1990. Selepas 3 trip laut, sebahagian
jumlah bubu sotong telah hilang di laut, kemungkinan akibat
dibawa arus. Setakat ini hanya 12 biji bubu sotong sahaja yang
masih didalam simpanan PPSIM. Sepanjang kajian belum ada lagi
tangkapan yang dibuat dan mungkin pengubahsuaian tertentu kepada
bubu itu perlu dibuat sebelum kajian ini diteruskan. Penggunaan
telur sotong tulin sebagai day a penarik mungkin perlu untuk
menarik perhatian sotang memasuki bubu berbanding dengan
penggunaan telur sotong tiruan.
Meskipun bubu satang berkenaan telah pun dicuba di perairan
Pulau Redang yang dipercayai terdapat banyak sumber satang arus,
namun begitu masih belum ada lagi tangkapan yang dibuat.
III
3.6 Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Sarawak
3.6.1 Trawl trials with commercial vessel
Trial of Oval Shaped Polyvalent Trawl Doors in K.K.MANCHONG
The original vertical,rectangular steel doors that came
with K.K. Manchong weighed 750 kg. each. They often dugged into
soft mud and much towing power was lost when the towing angle and
inclination were not correct. Adjustments had to be made which
added to the complexity of the trawl operation in surveys,
especially in offshore waters beyond 30 mi. from shore.
A pair of polyvalent trawl doors, oval type of dimension
2.2m X 1.25m with manganese shoes, weighing 360kg were ordered
from Engel Netz of Germany.Trials were made in March,1990. Rigged
to tyre discs ground rope and using the PE trawls nets designed
by the Centre, the net height was determined by a net sounder.
The results showed the net height was about 3.0 - 3.5 metres with
net opening of 21 metres.
This was similar to the performance parameters when the
original vertical doors were used. As the design incorporated a
single point attachment, there is simplicity in operation; no
additional adjustments needed to be made and the rigging becomes
standardised for all future operations. The oval shaped otters
and the rubber disc ground rope reduced chances of snagging
thereby increased the number of successful hauls in the survey,
more so in the coral strewn areas in the offshore. The new doors
used manganese shoes thereby considerably prolonging the life of
the doors. As the doors were lighter, it was also easier on the
112
ship's handling equipment than the original doors.
Assistance To the Fishing Industry
Trawl trials with the rubber disc ground rope on a
commercial trawler was undertaken to transfer the technology to
local trawlers to enable them to fish in the uneven offshore
grounds. The trawler chosen was a steel hull 200 ton vessel with
a 1350 hp engine. It was recognised to be one of the few trawlers
that seriously fish offshore at great cost in lost nets. They
have since modified the ground rope by adding bigger and heavier
discs at the middle portion. A measure of their success is the
wide acclaim other less adventurous fishermen have made on their
'impressive' catch. Also, at the last contact, they have since
installed RSW, blast freezers and cold rooms. Hopefully this
success story will propagate the ground rope development
initiated by the Department. Already another steel hull offshore
vessel ("Enterprise") has made a rubber disc ground rope. The
next target in the Department's contribution to the .industry is
the introduction of the polyvalent doors. The industry at the
moment are using high wooden-steel framed trawl doors which more
likely than not are not rigged correctly and therefore contribute
to wastage of fuel.
Another major recipient of the Department's technical
assistance was the SEDC of Sarawak which had since last year
launched two offshore trawlers and commissioned cold storage
facilities to participate in the development of the offshore
fishing industry.
113
2.6.2 Neritic tuna landings in Sarawak
The sampling and collecting of tuna data were taken from
Mukah at a private landing center. Mukah is selected as the only
sampling site because most tuna are landed there from the
previous year's observation. A total of 10 monthly trips of at
least 3 days per trip were made to Mukah in 1990. Most of the
trip were made during the 3rd week of each month.
A preliminary analysis of the 1989 and 1990 data using the
PC-based Compleat ELEFAN Programme was done. It was found that
the data were very limited and the result could not be used to
justify any firm management decision. Basically bigger samples at
regular intervals need to be collected.
3.6.3 continuation work on the artificial propagation of terubok (Tenualosa toli) and other associated projects
A number of Terubok or Tenualosa toli projects were carried
out with the combined effort and cooperation of the Inland
Fisheries Section, Department of Agriculture, Sarawak. Though the
results of most of the projects were not conclusive, the
experiences gained would provided a guide to further improve the
projects in future. The projects are listed as below
1. Bagnets trial to catch live terubok juveniles;
2. Artificial propagation of terubok;
3. Mesh size comparison on the catch of empirit;
4. Investigation of the catch of live empirit by fishing stakes;
5. Plankton net towing trial;
6. Monitoring the stock and catch effort of terubok.
114
Bagnets trial to catch live terubok juveniles
Two trips were carried out in April and May 1990. Three
types of bagnets were used for the trial - (a) the traditional
'paka', (b) specially modified 'paka' and (c)" scaled down version
of (b). The modification in (b) consisted of providing a support
ring to hold the shape of the cod end so that fish caught can be
kept alive. (c) was made because the current was too strong to
allow (b) to be lifted up to retrieve the catch every hour. As it
turned out, all the models of net suffered the same fate. The cod
ends could not be lifted up except when the water was slack in
between in-coming and ebb tides. This meant an interval of three
to four hours between retrieval thus reducing the chance of
having live terubok even if they managed to be caught. Because
only other fish species were caught in the attempts made, the net
can be said to be untried in this respect. It was also not yet
possible to conclude that the nets could not catch terubok
juveniles. The experience does show that the gear is not easy to
handle under the fast currents of Batang Lupar thus suggesting
the possibility.of the need for a different gear to be tried or a
further modification is needed.
Artificial propagation of terubok
This project was continued in 1990 following the initial
success in producing 71 larvae from wild spawners in 1989.
However, they survived for only 8 days.
A total of 9 trips were made between June and October, 1990.
Throughout the trips, good spawners and some still alive were.
115
The fertilization of eggs was carried out successfully on one of
the spawners during the 3rd trip. The estimated egg count during
incubation was 140,700 eggs, and hatching occurred after about 23
hours. The exact larvae count was 406 tails which gave a hatching
rate of 0.29%. This hatching rate might be negligible, but the
406 tails of terubok larvae were the largest number so far
obtained. The larvae survived for about 20 days.
Mesh size comparison on the catch of empirit
A mesh size selectivity trial for terubok with driftnets of
3", 3.5" and 4" mesh was conducted in the Batang Lupar. This was
in response to one of the management measures which recommended
the enforcement of a 4" mesh size for driftnets that are used for
catching terubok during the season. The management objective was
to reduce the catch of 'empirit' or juvenile terubok.
The result did not allow for the conclusion that 4" mesh
size is a better mesh size to use than 3.5" and 3". As this was
the first time such an experiment was carried out, the
methodology might need to be revised and improved for a more
convincing result.
Investigation of the catch of live empirit by fishing stakes
The fishing stakes here refer to one type of gear locally
called 'jermal'. Only one trip was made to check on the catch of
empirit by 'jermal' near Pulau Seduku, Batang Lupar. It was
discovered _that_ most of _theempirit were caught_ ali~~._~~~~l __ oJ_
9 tails of live empirit were purchased and kept in several
plastic pails with aeration. out of the 9 tails, 2 were able to
116
survive for nearly 20 hours, the rest survived for more than 8
hours either with or without the addition of anaesthetic.
with this experience, it would be easier for future planning
to collect live empirit from 'jermal' to try to stock in
No more attempts were made for the rest of the season
shortage of manpower and boat when other projects had
carried out at the same time.
Plankton net towing trial
ponds.
due to
to be
This objective of the project was to investigate the
spawning ground of terubok by mapping out the occurrences of
larvae of terubok, assuming they occur within the river even in
the face of strong currents.
Monthly sampling trips were planned for the whole duration
of the terubok season on the assumption that as long as spawning
was taking place, the eggs and larvae were bound to be present
somewhere along the river. Unfortunately, only one attempt was
carried out because of the lack of manpower and boat. No larvae
were observed.
Monitoring the stock and catch-effort of terubok
Random daily catches of terubok per boat per trip and length
frequency measurement were recorded for three months, (July,
September and November) with the cooperation from the fish
dealers. The catches were sorted out into egg bearing, non-egg
bearing and empirit.
It was not possible to draw any meaningful conclusion from
117
the data collected. The data collection was badly hampered by the
shortage of manpower, and could only be carried out during a
short period of the terubok season although the intention was to
obtain monthly data for the whole season.
3.6.4 Coastal prawn resource survey in Sarawak using x.x. Malong
A short survey covering subareas I and II was conducted in
March 1990. A total of 50 successful hauls were carried out. The
catch rates of prawn were 2.42 kg/hr and 1.61 kg/hr for subarea I
and II respectively.
The survey had to be terminated due to breakdown and
subsequent repair of the vessel. The vessel was sent for
thorough checking, reinforcing and repair of the haul. The repair
was completed in September but then the lack of a 'Serang'
prevented the survey from being carried out for the rest of the
year.
A length-based analysis of the 4 most common species of
prawns found in Sarawak waters, i.e. Penaeus indicus,
Parapeneopsis hardwickii, Parapeneopsis gracillima and
Metapenaeus brevicornis, indicates a high level of exploitation
of these prawn stocks in the Sarawak inshore waters. The Relative
Yield-Per-Recruit Model shows that fishermen have been able to
optimize economic returns at the prevailing size at entry to the
fishery and fishing effort level. All these indicate that the
prawn fishery in Sarawak is well developed. Any management
strategy to be adopted under the prevailing circumstances
118
therefore should ensure that the effort be stabilized and
possibly be reduced.
3.6.5 Artificial reef extension and construction in Sarawak waters
Three launchings of artificial reef (tyre reef) with a total
number of 14,480 tyres were made in 1990. Out of this, 10,563
units were dumped to extend the Tanjong Sipang Reef, off Santu-
bong, to a total number of 17,330 tyres. Subsequently, 3,917
tyres were dumped at Shiwa Shoal off Miri which extended the reef
to a total figure of 10,251 tyres. Since 1982, the department had
embarked on launching of artificial reef at seven different
sites. However, recent monitoring of the sites indicated that
only 4 of these sites still existed. Towards the end of the
current year, th~ total number of tyres forming the reef at four
different sites was 73,825 unit of tyres.
The sampling results using hooks and lines from 3
successful monitoring trips carried out indicated that the
Lutjanidae, namely Lutjanus vitta (Ikan kunyit), Lutjanus
lineolatus, Lutjanus johni were dominantly found in the reef
area. Species of Siganidae particularly siganus javus, and Gelama
(Sciaenidae) were also caught. Sampling using similar gears off
Mukah's tyre artificial reef (dumped since 1986) shows the
presence of larger sized Lutjanidae. Others that were abundantly
caught include Ikan Kaci (Plectorhynchidae), Ikan Landok
(Lethrinidae) and Kerapu (Serranidae).
Visual observation along the reef shows progressive growth
119
of sea weeds such as sea anemone and the reef substrate appears
to be encrusted or laminated with barnacles, fire corals and thin
layers of muddy sediments. The seabeds where the reef were
located appears to be quite stable where there was no sign of
distinguishable sedimentation that had occurred on the reef.
2.6.6 Cockle and,Mussel culture in Sarawak:
Cockle Culture
The cockle culture project was started by adopting 10
fishermen in october 1989 from Pulau Salak to culture cockles in
a 2-acre fenced plot. The fishermen were involved in the set up
of the fence, spreading of seeds, maintenance of the fence and
night-watching. A total of 8,695 kg of seeds were received from
16.10.89 to 05.11.89 from Selangor. The initial mean size of
seeds was 2.03 + 0.2 cm.
The project was carried out for only 6 months and the cockle
attained a mean size of 2.29 + 0.20 cm. The mass mortality of the
cockles could be explained by the major change in the mud
substrate in the culture plot. The absence of the soft mud layer
and with only clay substrate in the plot which might be caused by
waves action resulted in the area being unsuitable for cockle
culture.
Mussel Culture
The mussel culture project was carried out in Pulau
Salak from the supply of 200 strings of mussel seeds received
120
from Johore on 22.6.89. The growth studies was carried out until
May, 1990. The results showed that the mussels attained
marketable size after 8 months of culture (shell height > 6cm)
from an initial mean size of 1.98 ± 0.39. The rate of growth of
the mussels were rather slow during the monsoon (landas) season
(Nov - Feb) whereby the frequent occurrence of heavy downpours
resulted in the lowering of the water salinity at least in the
upper layers of water.
The mean weight of string decreased instead of increasing.
There is tendency for the mussels to drop off from the string
because of the strong water current during spring tide. It was
recommended that frequent thinning of the mussels be carried out
whereby a single string be thinned to 3 or 4 strings so as to
avoid losses of the mussels.
3.6.7 Aquaculture potential study for Sarawak using GIS and applying criteria for tiger prawn as a standard
The study report has been submitted to the various
authorities concerned.
3.6.8 preliminary site feasibility study for a hatchery and growout pond(s) carried out in various parts of Sarawak
A site in the Santubong area has been identified as
potentially suitable for a hatchery while a site in the Semariang
area has been found to be potentially suitable for grow-out
ponds.
121
4. MAINTENANCE' DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH VESSELS
4.1 K. K. "KEAAPU I" (Ramli Saad) .
The staffing of crew in K.K. Kerapu I improved for the year
1990 and 4 out of 7 posts were filled. The activities undertaken
by the vessel included:-
8.1.1990-21.1.1990
17.1.1990-21.1.1990
5.2.1990-8.2.1990
19.2.1990-23.2.1990
7.3.1990-9.3.1990
20.3.1990-24.3.1990
7.6.1990-30.6.1990
12.7.1990
30.7.1990
9.10.1990-12.10.1990
22.10.1990-27.10.90
7.11.1990-31.12.90
Pulau Langkawi-oyster/mussel culture
Pulau Langkawi-Gear Research
Pulau Payar-Artificial Reef Research
Pulau Langkawi-Gear Research
Pulau Payar-Training for Scuba divers
Pulau Langkawi-Gear Research
Bukit Tambun-Slipway
Pulau Pinang-Sedimentation Studies
Pulau Kendi-Gear Research
Pulau Langkawi-Oyster/Mussel Research
Pulau Langkawi-Gear Research
Asia Slipway Engineering
4.2 K.K."JENAHAK" (Razak Latun)
The research vessel K.K."JENAHAK" was deployed for field
work for a total of 38 days. For January and February 1990, as
well as the month of December, the vessel was non-operational
due to repairs/maintenance.
The shortage of crew was extremely critical in 1990. The
122
non-attendance of certain members of the crew on scheduled trips
has also affected the smooth implementation of projects.
The following trips were carried out:
19-25 Mac 1990 Pulau Lembu, Kedah - artificial reef
14-15 May 1990 Pair trawling trial
18-19 May 1990 Pulau Payar, Kedah - marine park
22-25 May 1990 Pair trawling trial
28-31 May 1990 Pulau Lembu, Kedah - artificial reef
12-14 Jun 1990 Pair trawling trial
18-23 Jun 1990 Testing the R.O.V.
25-28 Sept 1990 Pulau Lembu - artificial reef
10-12 Oct 1990 Pulau PayarjPulau Lembu: setting up of marker buoys
16-18 Oct 1990 Pulau PayarjPulau Lembu: setting up of marker buoys
4.3 K.K."MERSUJI" (Alias b. Man/Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin)
K.K."MERSUJI" was deployed to carry out demersal fish
resource surveys in the coastal waters of the east and west coast
of Peninsular Malaysia during the course of the year. The vessel
was also used to conduct artificial reef studies and fishing gear
trials. However, she had to undergo repairs at the Batu Maung
Slipway and subsequently docking and extensive repairs to her
piping system at the Limbongan Perikanan, Pelabuhan Kelang from
April to May and September to November-respectively.
123
4.4 K.K."PELALING" (Mohd.Taupek Hj. Mohd. Nasir/Abu Talib Ahmad)
K.K."PELALING" was deployed to conduct a prawn resource
survey on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and prawn tagging
trials in the coastal waters of Perak during the year. She was
also used to carry out sampling of sea bed substrata in
conjunction with the marine sediment contaminant survey in the
coastal waters of Penang by PUSPATI.
4.5 K.K."SENANGIN" (Raja Mohd. Noordin Raja omar)
Pada tahun ini K.K.SENANGIN telah digunakan untuk kajian
kajian berikut:
(i)
( ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
kajian sumber ikan demersal
kajian sumber udang
kajian aktiviti perikanan di
perairan santuari penyu
kajian bubu sotong
kajian tukun tiruan
kajian payao
kajian lampu bawah air
kajian menguji PTT
- 33.00 jam
- 28.75 jam
- 18.00 jam
- 15.50 jam
- 15.00 jam
- 11. 00 jam
3.00 jam
2.00 jam
Di samping itu bot itu telah digunakan juga untuk membawa
peserta Pesta Sukan Laut di Pulau Perhentian pada 16-18 Jun 1990.
Pada bulan Julai hingga bulan Oktober 1990, K.K. SENANGIN
telah menjalani kerja-kerja penyelenggaraan berkala di sebuah
limbungan swasta di Kemaman. Kos perbelanjaannya telah dibiayai
124
oleh Pejabat Limbungan Perikanan Pelabuhan Kelang.
jumlah hari K.K.SENANGIN digunakan, ianya adalah
hari.
4.6 BLK IlRENJONGIl (PPSIM)
Dari segi
sebanyak 34
Pada tahun ini BLK RENJONG telah digunakan untuk kajian
tukun tiruan (6 jam) dan kajian sumber kima (4 Jam).
4.7 BLK IIBURAN" (PPSIM)
Bagi BLK "BURAN" pula, ianya telah digunakan untuk kajian
tukun tiruan (10.0 jam) dan kajian Pengujian PTT (6.0 jam).
4.8 K.K. "MALONG" (Yong Ai Hua/Hadil Rajali)
The vessel was in good enough condition to allow for the
prawn survey to be carried out. However, the staff did not feel
confident in using the vessel during rough weather.
4.9 K.K."MANCHONG" (Albert Chuan Gambang)
A total of 8 trips taking 41 days at sea were done in 1990
for a number of research activities. They include trawl trials
and tyre reef launching. No survey was done for various reasons
even though it was planned to continue from where the survey
stopped in 1989.
125
5 PUBLICATIONS' REPORTS
5.1 Temuan-temuan baru dalam penyelidikan dalam oleh Ong Kah Sin, Lui Yean Pong, Choo Poh Portiah Hamzah. Paper presented at the Tahunan Pegawai-Pegawai Perikanan Kanan, Kedah, 11-14 November 1990.
tahun 1989/9Q Sze dan Wan
Persidangan Alor setar,
5.2 Kejayaan pertama di Malaysia dalam pembiakan ikan kerapu, oleh Ong Kah Sin. Berita Perikanan Bil. 6, Jun 1990.
5.3 Piawaian mutu air untuk perlindungan sumber perikanan dan akuakultur, oleh Ong Kah Sin & Liong pit Chong. Kertas kerja untuk Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
5.4 Penyelidikan Perikanan, oleh Ong Kah Sin. Kertas untuk Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
status of production Malaysia by Choo Poh Workshop on the culture City, Philippines 27-31
and utilization Sze. Presented and utilization August 1990.
of seaweeds in in the Regional
of seaweeds. Cebu
Kemajuan dalam penyelidikan ternakan tiram by Ng Fong Oon. Berita Perikanan (in press).
Growth and mortality of a natural and three cultured populations of the cockle (Anadaragranosa L.) in Perak. Submitted in workshop in IPP.
Preliminary assessment for the culture of the green mussel Perna viridis L in Kuala Jarum Mas and Kuala Kurau, Perak and the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea belcherei in Batu Lintang, Kedah Malaysia by Ng Fong Oon. Submitted in a workshop in IPP.
status of mollusc culture in Malaysia by Kamal Zaman Mohamed. Presented at Kosong Institute of Aquaculture DPR Korea on 15.9.90.
Small scale culture of the flat oyster Ostrea folium in P.Langkawi, Kedah Malaysia by Devakie Nair. Bay of Bengal Programme Technical Report (in press}.
126
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
Cara-cara meninggikan hasil dari ternakan siput sudu by Devakie Nair. Berita Perikanan (in press).
Multi-species and multi-gear fisheries research in Malaysia by Lui Yean Pong and Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Sixth Session SCORRAD, 18-21 May 1990, Colombo, Sri Lanka .
The status of the clam fishery on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Mohd. Taupek b. Mohd. Nasir and Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
A simple surplus production model of the penaeid prawn fishery of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Lui Yean Pong. Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
"Status sumber perikanan di semenanjung Malaysia" by Chee Phaik Ean. Report submitted to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.
"Kertas maklumat tentang perikanan bilis di Malaysia" by Chee Phaik Ean. Report submitted to Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur •
.. The tuna fishery of the by Chee Phaik Ean. Consultation on Stock Ocean, 2 - 6 July 1990,
West Coast of Peninsular Paper presented at the Assessment of Tuna in the Bangkok, Thailand.
Malaysia Expert Indian
The maximum sustainable yield of the demersal fishery on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and its use in managing the fishery by Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
An assessment of the anchovy fishery of the north-west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by Chee Phaik Ean. Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, penang, Malaysia.
127
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
"Pemindahan ikan tuna di Pulau Pinang" by Chee Phaik Ean for publication in Berita Perikanan, Jabatan Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
On some of the biological aspects of Metapenaeus affinis and the Pukat Kenka fishery of Kuala Kurau, Perak by Mohd. Taupek b. Mohd. Nasir and Abu Talib b. Ahmad. Paper presented at the' Project ADB', 862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
Estimation of mortality rates for Banana Prawn, Penaeus merguiensis, using a pseudo-catch curve by Abu Talib b. Ahmad. Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
An assessment of the prawn resources of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, 1981-1988 by Abu Talib b. Ahmad. Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
assessments argentatus.
comparison between age based and length based for a fast growing species of Argyrosomus Paper presented at the Project ADB, 862-MAL Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 Penang, Malaysia.
Workshop On August 1990,
Review of the Malaysian tuna fisheries by Mahyam bt. Mohd. Isa and Kamarrudin b. Ibrahim. Paper presented at the IPTP Fourth Southeast Asian Tuna Conference, 26 November-l December, Bangkok, Thailand.
"Laporan kajian ke atas pendaratan kelong di Mahyam bt. Mohd. Isa. Report submitted to Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur.
Johor" by Fisheries
"Beberapa perkakas menangkap ikan yang sedang dan yang diuji kesesuaian di perairan laut pantai Semenanjung Malaysia" by Rosidi b. Ali. Paper presented at the Seminar Nelayan Sempena Hari Peladang dan Nelayan, 17 August, 1990, Pulau Pinang.
"Conservation of Fisheries Resources through the Establishment of Marine Parks and Artificial Reefs" paper presented at the symposium on the "State of Nature Conservation" in Malaysia, 24-26 August, University of Malaya by Wan Portiah Hamzah.
IIManagement and-conservation-of Marine Living Resources"-paper presented at "the National Workshop on Environmental Planning and Management for sustainable Development" 11-13 December, Port Dickson by Wan Portiah Hamzah.
128
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
"Kertas Kedudukan Projek Ekologi Taman Laut Batu Karang di Perairan Malaysia" - lapuran Pauzi Abdullah dan Wan Portiah Hamzah.
dan Ekologi oleh Mohd.
"The Seas and its shore" - contribution to the book "Malaysia's Marine Heritage" by Chee Phaik Wan Portiah Hamzah.
proposed Ean and
"Laut Malaysia" - sumbangan untuk Kalender PETRONAS 1991 oleh Wan Portiah Hamzah.
"Assessment by Non-oil Pollutants" assessment report on the UNEP/COBSEA Project by Shahunthala Devi.
Report on IOC/WESTPAC Workshop on Use of Sediments in "Marine Pollution Monitoring" by Shahunthala Devi.
"Artificial Reefs in Malaysia. A Country Review Paper", presented at the Symposium on Artificial Reefs in Colombo, Sri Lanka 4-17 May 1990 by Abdul Razak Latun.
"Laporan Taburan Batu Karang Teluk Nipah, Pulau Pangkor" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
"Laporan Taburan Batu Karang Pulau Papan, Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
"Laporan Kajian Mutu Air, Kuala Sepetang" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
"Laporan Kajian Penjinakan Ikan, Taman Laut,Pulau Payar" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
"Laporan Kursus Taman Laut dan Penggambaran Bawah Air" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
"Laporan Status Kemajuan Kajian Taman Laut di Malaysia" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
"Laporan Bancian Bumi Sebenar Terumbu Karang Perhentian, Terengganu. (Remote Sensing Ground Survey)" oleh Mohd. Pauzi Abdullah.
Pulau Truth
Liong, P.C. Water disinfection in aquaculture hatcheries. Fisheries Bulletin No. 66. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
Liong, P.C. Recent development in freshwater prawn farming in Malaysia. Buletin Perikanan Bil. 67., Jabatan Perikanan, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
Liong, P.C. 1990. Water supply and treatment for marine prawn hatcheries. Risalah Perikanan, Bil.44. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
129
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5.47
5.48
5.49
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
5.57
5.58
Liong, P.C. & K. Subramaniam. 1990. Water management in coastal prawn ponds. Risalah Perikanan Bil. 42. Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.
utama, C.M. (Dalam penerbitan) . Kesan penggalak tumbesaran Virginiamycin keatas kadar kemandirian dan kadar tumbesaran postlarva udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan Bil. ?? Kementerian Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur.
utama, C.M. (Dalam penerbitan). Kesan pelbagai paras vitamin C, Kolina klorida dan Inositol keatas kadar kemandirian dan kadar tumbeseran postlarva udang harimau. Buletin Perikanan Bil. ?? Kementerian Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur.
Palanisamy, V., press. ~A guide hatcheries.
Faazaz, Abd Latif & Rashidah, to alga culture for use in
M.R. In Penaeid
Zainuddin, J. Dalam penerbitan. Ternakan udang galah mengikut teknik ekstensif. Buku Panduan Bil. ? Jabatan Perikanan, Kemennterian Pertanian Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
Yaakob, A. 1990. Artemia - penggunaan di pusat udang dan ikan. Buku Panduan, Bil. 1/90. Pertanian Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
pembenihan Kementerian
Yaakob, A. 1990. Ternakan udang galah: teknik intensif dalam sistem tertutup. In: Ed. Jothy,A.A. Proceedings of Fisheries Research Seminar 1988. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Palanisamy, V., Faazaz, A.L., Othman, M. 1990. eye-stalk ablation on maturation and spawning Penaeus monodon FABRICIUS, and hatching of the eggs. Ibid.
Effect of of female I
resultings
Rumusan makanan ikan air tawar untuk penternak oleh S. Pathmasothy. Risalah Perikanan (in press) .
Ternakan ikan tilapia dalam kolam air tawar yang statik. oleh S. Pathmasothy. Risalah Perikanan (in press) .
Present progress, future directions and needs in genetics research in Malaysia by Chuah Hean Pengo Regional Workshop on Tilapia Genetics, Central Luzon University, Philippines, 29-31 August, 1990.
fish Asian state
Garis panduan untuk mengenalkan ikan yang dibunuh oleh bahan letupan oleh Alexander A. Jothy. Kursus Penguatkuasa Pegawai Perikanan Darat Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan, Ipoh, 22-23 Mac, 1990.
Garis panduan untuk menyiasat dan melaporkan kematian ikan secara besar-besaran di perairan darat ataupun laut oleh
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5.60
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5.65
5.66
5.67
5.68
5.69
5.70
5.71
Alexander A. Jothy. Kursus Penguatkuasa pegawai Perikanan Darat Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan, .Ipoh, 22-23 Mac, 1990.
Fish disease Alexander A. Workshop on Region, 08-15
and fish health management in Malaysia oleh Jothy. Proceedings of NACA/ADB Regional
Fish Health Management in the Asia-Pacific October, 1990, Pusan, Korea.
Proceedings of the First Annual Fisheries Research Seminar - 1988 (Ketua Penyunting: Alexander A. Jothy).
ASEAN-EEC Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme - Research Programme. AADCP/WP/6, 58pp. (FFRC, Batu Berendam) .
Kertas Teknikal 'Panduan Asuhan Benih Ikan Dengan sistem Raceway GP300', oleh Ramli Khamis.
Kertas Kerja 'Analysis of The Impact of Industrial Development On The Water Resources and Landuse Of The Coastal Areas of Chonbury And Rayong Provinces.' oleh Ismail Abu Hassan.
Risalah Perikanan 'Garispanduan Mutu Air Untuk Ternakan Ikan dan Udang Laut' oleh Rosly Hassan.
Risalah Perikanan 'Some Guidelines on The Use of Aerators in Shrimp Ponds' oleh Rosly Hassan.
Buletin Perikanan 'Preliminary Investigations On The Total Sediment Oxygen Demand In Brackishwater Fish/Shrimp Ponds In Malaysia.' oleh Rosly Hassan.
Laporan 'Kawasan Potensi Untuk Ternakan Udang Harimau di Negeri Sarawak oleh Jabatan Perikanan, Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia pad a Mac 1990 (PPTAP,Gelang Patah).
Laporan 'Kemajuan Projek ASEAN-USAID Pengurusan Sumber Persisiran Pantai' bagi tahun 1989.
Laporan Kajian Tapak Untuk Perusahaan Projek Ternakair Payau Di Kawasan Pantai Daerah Batu Pahat , Johor. 22hb. Februari 1990., oleh Ismail Abu Hassan.
Kertas Kerja 'Cadangan Pemindahan Teknologi Asuhan Siakap Dalam sistem Asohan Raceway GP300 Kepada Sdn. Bhd. " 13hb. Jan 1990., oleh Ramli Khamis.
Benih HOLCOM
Kertas Kerja 'Cadangan Pemindahan Teknologi Perusahaan Ternakan Udang Laut di Wilayah Labuan'. 23hb. Januari 1990., oleh Chuah Toh Thye dan Fauzidah Othman.
Laporan Penilaian Tapak Untuk Projek Ternakan Udang mau, Kg. Telok Bakung, Batu Pahat, Johor., 3hb. 1990., oleh Azmi Abd.Rahman.
131
HariApril
5.72
5.73
5.74
5.75
5.76
5.77
5.78
Mahyam M.I. & Kamarruddin I. Review of tuna fisheries in Malaysia. Paper presented at the 4th Southeast Asian Tuna Conference, 27-30 November 1990. Bangkok, Thailand.
Kamarruddin I. & Raja Bidin R.H. Notes on the species and size composition and frequencies and length-weight relationships .of three species of small tuna found in the waters of Terengganu, Malaysia. Paper presented at the 4th Southeast Asian Tuna Conference, 27-30 November 1990. Bangkok, Thailand.
Raja Bidin R.H. Review of the Status of Tuna Stocks in Malaysia. Dibentangkan di Persidangan Expert Consultation On Stock Assessment Of Tunas In The Indian Ocean, 2-6 July 1990, Bangkok, Thailand.
Raja Bidin R.H. Preliminary Results of the Tuna Tagging Programme in Malaysia. Dibentangkan oleh Kamaruddin I. di Persidangan Tuna ke 4 Southeast Asia Tuna Conference, 27 - 30 November 1990. Bangkok, Thailand.
Che Omar bin Mat Hussin telah menyediakan Laporan Pengawasan Aktiviti Perikanan di Perairan Santuari Penyu Rantau ~a~.
Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim telah menyediakan laporan berikut:
I.Penubuhan Stesen Penyelidikan Penyu Laut.
2.Projek Pemeliharaan Anak Penyu Belimbing.
3. Laporan Kemajuan Projek Pemeliharaan Anak Penyu Belimbing di dalam Kurungan.
4. Cadangan Penubuhan Stesen Penyelidikan Penyu Laut.
Raja Mohammad Noordin bin Raja Omar telah menyediakan laporan berikut:
1. Laporan kemajuan Pelaksanaan Program Pemuliharaan Penyu Tahun 1990.
2 . Laporan Penyelidikan Tukun Tiruan Terengganu Darul Iman 1986 - 1988.
di Negeri
3. Laporan Progam Pemuliharaan Penyu 1990 (Penyunting).
4. Laporan Status Penyelidikan Penyu Laut Perikanan.
132
Jabatan
5.79
5.80
5.81
5.82
5.83
5.84
5.85
5.86
5.87
Sukarno bin Wagiman telah menyediakan laporan berikut:
1.Laporan Penetasan in-situ telur Penyu Belimbing.
2. Laporan pemasangan tukun sotong di Taman Laut Pulau Redang.
3. Laporan kesesuaian tapak tukun tiruan ADB di Pulau Perhentian.
Feasibility study of Potential Tiger Prawn Aquaculture Areas in Sarawak, 1990 by PPTAP, Gelang Patah/MFRC, Bintawa. (Kajian Penentuan & Penilaian kawasan-kawasan berpotensi untuk ternakan udang harimau di Negeri Sarawak).
Preliminary Assessment of the Tuna Fishery in Sarawak, Malaysia (Richard Rumpet and Hadil Rajali).
Population Dynamic of Nemipterus Japonicus in Sarawak waters (Albert C. Gambang and Christopher P. Mathews).
Cockle Culture in Pulau Salak, Sarawak and Analysis of Length Frequency Data (Mohammed Mohidin) .
A First Multispecies Bioeconomic Model of Sarawak Prawn Fishery (Yang Ai Hua, Pang Suh Cern and Andrew B. Bejie).
Summary Report on Terubok Projects done in 1990 (Yong Ai Hua and George Chong).
Trial Catching of Juvenile Terubok by Using Bagnet (Yong Ai Hua and George Chong).
Effect of Different Mesh Sizes Drift Net on the Catch of Young Tenualosa toli or 'empirit' in Batang Lupar, Sarawak (MFRC, Bintawa).
133
6. NEW STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS
A. Fisheries Research Institute, Gelugor, Penang
6.1 Encik Zulkifli Talib, Penolong pegawai Perikanan was transferred from Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan, Glugor to Pusat Penetasan Benih Ikan Laut, Tanjung Demong on 2.4.90.
6.2 En. Azizan Perikanan, Kerja Raya 4.7.90.
Md. Nor , Pembantu Makmal Institut Penyelidikan Glugor obtained a mutual transfer to Jabatan
Butterworth. cik 00 Mooi Ghaik replaced him on
6.3 Encik Ali AWang, Pegawai Perikanan Tingkatan Biasa was transferred from Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan, Glugor to Pusat Penetasan Benih Ikan Laut, Tg. Demong where he assumed the post of Ketua Pusat.
6.4 Encik Mahdom Ibrahim, Pegawai Perikanan Tingkatan Biasa resigned from service on 1.11.90.
6.5 Encik Yusoff Abdullah, Serang Tingkatan Biasa was transferred from K.K."Jenahak" to K.K."Kerapu I".
6.6 Encik Zainol Awang, Kelasi, was transferred to K.K."Kerapu , I".
6.7 Encik Jalaluddin Sharif, Atendan Makmal retired 28.12.90.
on
6.8 Encik Salim Omar, Kelasi, resigned after taking no-pay leave.
6.9
6.10
6.11
Encik Rashid b. Aziz reported for duty at IPP on 2.1.90 as Juruenjin T/Kanan on K.K."MERSUJI".
Encik Kasim b. Haron reported for duty at IPP on 5.7.90 as Serang T/Biasa on K.K."MERSUJI".
Encik Ahmad b. Shafie reported for duty at IPP on 2.10.90 as Kelasi on K.K."MERSUJI".
134
B. National Prawn Fry Production & Research centre, Kedah
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
c.
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
Temporary General Worker Mazlina bt. Ismail resigned on 12 June, 1990 to become a Police Constable.
Mr. S. Makinouchi, Japanese Expert attached to the left on early June 1990 after completing a assignment.
Centre 3 year
Assistant Fisheries Officer, Encik Razak Baung was transferred to Projek IADP Semarak, Kelantan on 1 August, 1990.
Temporary General Worker Yusof bin Ismail resigned on 7 August., 1990 to become a Boat Crew of the Department.
General Worker Puan siti Aminah bt. Saad resigned on 1 October, 1990.
Junior store Keeper Yusop bin Mat Said was transferred to Limbongan Perikanan, Kelang, Selangor DE on 15 November, 1990.
Freshwater Fish Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Melaka
Encik Baharuddin Ahmad, Storekeeper (Penyelenggara Stor) , reported for duty on 01.02.90, following a transfer from IPP, Glugor, P. Pinang. He was later transferred to NAPFRE, Pulau Sayak, on 08.11.90.
Encik Omar Hassan Jaafar, Carpenter (Tukang Kayu) , reported for duty on 01.05.90, following a tranfer from Limbon~ gan Perikanan, Pelabuhan Klang.
Encik Abdul Rahaman Ahmad, Tractor Driver (Pemandu Jentera) , resigned from service on 26.05.90.
Encik Mohd. Amin Aman, Fisheries Assistant (Pembantu Perikanan), left the department on 30.06.90 to assume a position with the customs Department.
135
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
Encik Sazali Mohd. Yusuf, Assistant Fisheries Officer (Penolong Pegawai Perikanan), left service on 'no-pay leave' on 16.07.90 for 3 months and did not report for duty following that.
Encik Johari Samat, Mandor, retired from service on 31.08.90.
Encik Abdul Rahman Mohd. Nor, Storekeeper (Penyelenggara Stor) , reported for duty on 16.11.90, following a transfer from the state Fisheries Office, Melaka.
cik Foo Lee Mei, AADCP Project Secretary, reported for duty on 19.11.90.
D. Marine Fish Resource Research centre, Kuala Terengganu
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
Khushaili bin Mokhtar melapor diri sebagai Pembantu Juruenjin Laut yang baru pada 4 September 1990.
Rusli bin Mamat melapor diri sebagai Kelasi pada 2 Oktober 1990 dari Marin Wilayah If Pulau Pinang.
Pembantu Makmal Manas bin Haron bertukar ke Taman Laut Terengganu pada 1 Jun 1990.
Field Biologist Ahmad bin Ali bertukar ke Lumut pada 1 November 1990.
SKS Nadzri bin Seman berhenti sekim dan mula bertugas di Kementerian Pertanian (Taman Cahaya Seri Alam) pada 15 Oktober 1990.
7. VISITS/VISITORS
A. Fisheries Research Institute, Ge1ugor, Penang
7.1 Dr. J.S.O. Ayeni. Director of National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research New Bussa, Kwara State. Nigeria and Mrs. M.J. Udo-Aka. Assistant Direrctor of Fisheries, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria visited IPP, Glugor on 23.3.90.
7.2 Mr. Tan Cheng Kiat, Pengarah, Bahagian Perancang dan Penyelidikan, Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia visited IPP on 23.5.90 with Dr. Ishak from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.
136
7.3 Dr. Rod Wootten and Dr. Mike Phillips, NACA/ADB Regional study and Workshop on Fish Disease and Fish Health Management visited IPP. Glugor on 7.6.90.
7.4 six participants from vietnam under the project VIE/86/011 visited IPP, Glugor on 19.6.90.
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
B.
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
Dr. (Mrs.) N.De Silva from the Department of Zoology University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka, visited IPP, Glugor on 4.7.90.
Dr. Asiah and two other colleagues from the Makmal Diagnosa Bukit Tambun visited IPP, Glugor on 13.10.90.
Yg. Bhg. Dato' Shahrom bin Haji Abdul Majid,DirectorGeneral of Fisheries, Malaysia, visited IPP Glugor on 17.11.90.
YB Datuk Ramsay Jitam, Sarawak and two officers from the Inland Fisheries of Sarawak visited IPP, Glugor from 27.11.90-30.11.90.
Mrs Renee Chou, Primary Production Department, singapore and Dr Robert Metailler, IFREMER, Brest, France visited IPP, Glugor on 15.6.90.
Two FAO experts (Mr Cann and Mr McDonald) visited FRI to review the cockle depuration study.
Prof. Carpenter from IAEA visited FRI to initiate the sediment-contamination study.
Dr Katsutoshi Miwa, Dr Makoto Yamagata and Mr Lim Pang Yong from the Marine Fisheries Research Department, Singapore visited the IPP on 30 Oct. 1990.
National Prawn Fry Production « Research centre, Kedah
Mr Ong Kah Sin, Director of Research, Fisheries Research Institute, visited the Centre on 23.01.90.
Mr Yamashita Yoshie and Ms Midori Namba from JICA, Tokyo visited the Centre on 15.02.90.
A group of senior officers including Puan Hanibah bt Abd. Wahab from JPA, Encik Othman Saad from Kementerian Pertanian, visited the Centre on 27.02.90 to evaluate the need for additional staff for the Centre.
Mr Peter Rathcke from Fishereiwissenschaftler, Germany, visited the Centre on 11.03.90.
137
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.2S
7.26
7.27
7.28
C.
7.29
Mr Yasuo Sakai, from JICA, Malaysia Office, visited the Centre on 11.03.90.
Mr Lolin Nyigo and Mr Heng Kia Nam from PPES Sarawak visited the Centre on 01.04.90.
A group of international trainees on a disease course sponsored by IDRC, led by Dr Leong Tak Seng, USM, visited the Centre on 06.0S.90.
Encik Rosli Said from Marine Harvest, Unilever, visited the Centre on 19.0S.90.
A group of scientific staff from Research Institute for Aquaculture, Habac, Vietnam, visited the Centre on 10.06.90. They expressed interest in the international training programme provided under the Malaysian Tenhnical Cooperation Programme.
Dr (Mrs) N.J. De Silva, from Dept of Zoology, University of Ruhunna, Matara, Sri Langka, visited the Centre on 04.07.90.
Encik Mazlan Jusof, Deputy Director General of Fisheries Malaysia, visited the Centre on 02.08.90.
Mr Tadasi Murai, Taiyo Fishery Co. Ltd., Tokyo, visited the Centre on 02.10.90.
Dr Joe Baker, Director, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsvlle, visited the Centre on 03.10.90. He was accompanied by Dr Ong Jin Eong, USM.
Y. Bhg. Dato' Shahrom Bin. Hj. Abd. Majid, Ketua Pengarah Perikanan Malaysia visited the Centre on 03.11.90.
The Assistant Minister of Agriculture, Sarawak, Y.B. Ramsay Jitam, and a group of Agriculture Officers from Sarawak, visited the Centre on 28.11.90.
Encik Tan Cheng Kiat, Director, Planning & Research Division, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur visited the Centre on 19.12.90.
Freshwater Fish Research Centre, Batu Berendam, Me1aka
Ms. Martina I. Udo-Aka, Assistant Director, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Lagos, Nigeria and Dr. V.S.O. Ayeni, Director, National Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa, Nigeria visited the Centre on lS.03.90
138
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.38
D.
7.39
7.40
7.41
7.42
Mr. Muhammad Enamul Huq, Secretary, Ministry of Establishment, Bangladesh visited the Centre on 19.03.90
Professor Tran-Mai-Thien, Director, Research Institute of Aquaculture, Habac, vietnam visited the Centre on 07.06.90
Dr. Mike Phillip and Dr. R. Wootten, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland visited the Centre on 07.06.90
Mr. Cheah Wan Leong, President, Johore Aquarium Fish Breeders' Association, Johor Bahru visited the Centre on 15.03.90
Mr. Michael New, AADCP Coordinator, Bangkok visited the Centre on 15.03.90
Dr. Oscar Amarasinghe, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka visited the Centre on 29.06.90
Y.Bhg. Dato' Shahrom Hj. Abdul Majid, Director-General of Department of Fisheries, Malaysia visited the Centre on 04.08.90
Dr. Marcel Machiels and Mr. Wim Van Densen, Department of Fish Culture and Fisheries, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands visited the Centre on 27.08.90 and 07.09.90
En. Ishak Ahmad, J.P.A., Kuala Lumpur and En. Khadizan Abdullah, Perbendaharaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur visited the Centre on 01.09.90
Brackishwater aquaculture research centre, Johor
Lawatan Director of National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, Nigeria (Dr. J.S.O. Ayeni) dan Assistant Director, Federal Ministry of Science & Technology, Lagos, Nigeria (Mrs. M.I.Udo-Aka) ke PPTAP, Gelang Patah pada 18hb. Mac 1990.
Lawatan Dr. Md. Fauzi Abdullah daripada Jabatan Kimia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ke PPTAP, Gelang Patah pada 25hb. Februari 1990.
Lawatan pemberita-pemberita surat khabar ke PPTAP, Gelang Patah pada 31hb. Mac 199G.
Lawatan Jawatankuasa Pertanian Negeri Perak ke PPTAP, Gelang Patah pad a 28hb. Jun 1990.
139
7.43
E.
Lawatan En. Jiman Hj.Yusoh (Pegawai Tadbir) Korporasi Pembangunan Desa, Kota Kinanbalu, Sabah pada 22hb. Julai 1990.
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, Terengganu
Pelawat-pelawat adalah seperti berikut:
7.44 02 Apr Rochepeau Serge (IPTP, Colombo)
7.45 11 Apr Tan Cheng Kiat (Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, K.L.)
7.46 09 Jul Denise Milsen Tackett (Arizona state University)
Larry P. Tackett (Cancer Research Inst., USA.)
7.47 22 Jul Dato' Shahrom bin Haji Abdul Majid (KPP)
22 Jul Mohd. Mazlan bin Jusoh (TKPP)
7.48 14 Ogos Keith Harry Haywood (Hull University, U.K.)
Steve Ridgway (Hull University, U.K.)
7.49 18 Ogo Nishida Tom (FAO IPTP, Sri Lanka)
7.50 18 Sep Amanda Keller (Beyond 2000, Australia)
18 Sep Vanessa Gorman (Beyond 2000, Australia)
18 Sep Danny Ruhlmann (Beyond 2000, Australia)
7.51 22 okt Sharifah Al-Attas (STMB-TV3, K.L.)
7.52 15 Nob Yong-Ki Shin (Missi ADB)
15 Nob Jay H. Chung (Missi ADB)
140
s. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/TRAINING COURSES
staff of the Institute attended various meetings, seminars,
lectures and training courses both at local and international
levels during the course of the year. Some of the more important
ones were as follows:
8.1 Encik Ong Kah Sin telah menghadiri:
Mesyuarat J/K Perancang Jabatan Perikanan dan Mesyuarat Pengurusan Jabatan Perikanan.
Mesyuarat mengenai kajian potensi akuakultur di Sarawak yang diadakan di Kuching pada 12 Feb. 1990.
Mesyuarat pemeriksaan Anggaran Mengurus Tahun 1991 di Kem. Pertanian, K. Lumpur pada 26 Mac 1990.
Perasmian "BOBP Workshop on Bioeconomics of small-scale Fisheries", Hotel Merlin, Penang pada 2 Okt. 1990.
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat J/K Penyelaras Projek Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Perikanan (ADB, 862-MAL).
Mesy. Polisi "Platform Abandonment" di JPM pada 8-1091.
Mariculture unit, IPP, Penang
8.2 Puan Choo Poh Sze reported back for duty in February, 1990 after completing her M.Sc. in Canada. She attended:
a Seminar on "Energy saving technology for freezing of fisheries products" held at the Equatorial Hotel, Penang on 8.3.90.
a "Regional Workshop on the culture and utilization of seaweeds" organized by the Sea Farming Project, NACA held in Cebu city, Philippines from 27-31.August, 1990.
gave a lecture to fish culturists on "Penyakit Ikan, Kawalan dan Rawatan" in the "Kursus Ternakan Ikan Air Payau Sangkar Terapung ll on 31. 10. 90.
the Senior Fisheries Officer Conference at continental Hotel, Alor Setar, Kedah from 14.11.90.
141
the Grand 11.11. 90
8.3 Encik Ng Fong Oon attended:
conducted a training course on oyster culture to Fisheries Assistants from 12~3.90-15.3.90.
gave lectures to fishermen on the mollusc culture and on the cage culture of fish respectively during the Farmers and Fishermen's Day on 17.8.90.
gave a lecture on mollusc culture trainees attending the "International Training Course" on 10.9.90.
the Senior Fisheries Officer Conference at continental Hotel, Alor Setar, Kedah from 14.11.90.
8.4 Encik Ramli Saad:
to the Aquaculture
the Grand 11.11. 90
gave lectures to fishermen on the mollusc culture and on the cage culture of fish respectively during the Farmers and Fishermen's Day on 17.8.90.
gave a lecture to Fisheries Assistants on "Cara-cara mengasoh benih dan menternak ikan dalam sangkar".
8.5 Encik Kamal Zaman Mohamed:
conducted a training course on oyster culture to Fisheries Assistants from 12.3.90-15.3.90.
gave a briefing on the culture of mollusc to Y.B. Timbalan Menteri Pertanian on 9.3.90.
gave a lecture to Fisheries fishermen and farmers on oyster culture 14.3.90 and 2 - 4.10.90.
Assistants, from 12
8.6 cik Devaki Nair conducted a training course on oyster culture to Fisheries Assistants from 12.3.90-15.3.90.
Resource Section, IPP, Penang
8.7 Encik Lui Yean Pong attended:
The 4th. In-country Meeting of the ASEAN-USAID Project On Coastal Resources Management, 9-11 January 1990, Kuah, Pulau Langkawi.
SEAFDEC Technical Working Group establishment of SEAFDEC Fourth
142
Meeting on Department,
the 16-19
January 1990, Bangkok, Thailand.
Meeting on "Pengurusan Perikanan Terubok" at Jabatan Perikanan Laut, Kuching, Sarawak on 26.2.90.
Seminar on Energy Saving Technology For Fishery Products, 8 March 1990, Penang.
Freezing
Meeting Science, 9.4.90.
2/90 of National IOC Committee at Ministry Technology and Environment, Kuala Lumpur
of on
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Project, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
Second Regular Meeting of the Western Pacific Fisheries Consultative Committee and Inaugural Meeting of the Transpacific Fisheries Consultative Committee, 2-5 July 1990, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Meeting on surveillance of foreign fishing vessels at the Maritime Enforcement Coordinating Centre, Lumut, Perak on 2.8.90.
Project ADB, 862-MAL Fish Stock Assessment Workshop, 17-21 July 1990, Penang.
Project ADB,862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang.
Course on Computer Methodology In Fish Stock Assessment, 27 August- 19 September 1990, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
FAO/Bay of Bengal Programme Bioeconomics of Small-scale Fisheries Workshop, 2-12 October 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
8.8 Puan Chee Phaik Ean attended:
Meeting on Cooperation Between Malaysia and IOMAC On Marine Affairs at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 13.2.90.
Meeting on Marine contamination and Sediment Transport at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 14.2.90.
Meeting on IPTP at Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on 15.2.90.
Meeting on "Pengurusan Perikanan Terubok" at Jabatan Perikanan Laut, Kuching, Sarawak on 26.2.90-28.2.90.
Seminar on Energy Saving Technology For Freezing
143
Fishery Products, 8 March 1990, Penang.
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Project, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
Expert Consultation On Stock Assessment Of Tuna in the Indian Ocean, 2-6 July 1990, Bangkok, Thailand.
Eleventh Commission Thailand.
Session of the Indian Ocean Tuna Committee, 9-12 July 1990,
Fisheries Bangkok,
Project ADB, 862-MAL Fish Stock Assessment Workshop, 17-21 July 1990, Penang.
Project ADB,862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang.
Course on Computer Methodology In Fish Stock Assessment, 27 August- 19 September 1990, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
FAO/Bay of Bengal Programme Bioeconomics of Small-scale Fisheries Workshop, 2-12 October 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
8.9 Encik Abu Talib b. Ahmad reported back for duty in March after successfully completing his M.Sc. course in Japan and attended:
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Project, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
Project ADB, 862-MAL Fish Stock Assessment Workshop, 17-21 July 1990, Penang.
Project ADB,862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang.
FAO/Bay of Bengal Programme Bioeconomics of Small-scale Fisheries Workshop, 2-12 October 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
IOC Workshop on Development of Electrophoretic Keys for Penaeid Postlarvae, 5-10 November 1990, Brisbane, Australia.
8.10 Cik Mahyam bt. Mohd. Isa reported back for duty after successfully completing her M.Sc. course in attended:
in March Japan and
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Pr6ject, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
144
Project ADB, 862-MAL Fish stock Assessment Workshop, 17-21 July 1990, Penang.
Project ADB,862-MAL Workshop On Prawn and Fin Fisheries Management, 13-20 August 1990, Penang.
FAO/Bay of Bengal Programme Bioeconomics of Small-scale Fisheries Workshop, 2-12 October 1990, Penang, Malaysia.
IPTP Fourth Southeast Asian Tuna Conference, 26 November - 1 December 1990, Bangkok, Thailand.
8.11 Encik Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin reported back for duty in September after successfully completing his M.Sc. course in the united Kingdom and attended:
Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Resource Section, Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.
Monthly Officers' Management Meetings of the Fisheries Research Institute, Penang.
8.12 Encik Mohd. Taupek b. Mohd. Nasir attended:
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Project, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
IOC Workshop Penaeid Prawn Australia.
on Numeric Taxonomic Larvae, 5-10 November
Identification of 1990, Brisbane,
He is currently attending a M.Sc. course in the United Kingdom for 2 years, beginning December 1990.
8.13 Encik Rosidi b. Ali attended:
Seminar on Energy Saving Technology For Fishery Products, 8 March 1990, Penang.
Freezing
SEAFDEC course on Purse-seine Net Operation, 2-28 April 1990, Bangkok, Thailand.
Seminar "Nelayan Sempena Hari Peladang dan Nelayan", 17 August 1990, Pulau Pinang.
8.14 Encik Alias b. Man attended:
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Project, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
145
He is currently attending a M.Sc. course in the United Kingdom for 1 year, beginning September 1990.
8.15 Encik Samsudin b. Basir attended:
BOBP Technical Consultation on BOBP Bioeconomics Of Small-scale Fishery Project, 2-5 May 1990, Penang.
He is currently attending a M.Sc. course in the United Kingdom for 1 year, beginning September 1990.
ECOLOGY SECTION, IPP; PENANG
8.16 cik Wan Portiah Wan Hamzah attended:
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat mengenai cadangan Kompleks Penyelidikan Perikanan yang akan dibena di Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang: ADB-MAL Fisheries Research Modernisation
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat mengenai projek tukun tiruan ADB-MAL Fisheries Research & Development Project
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat 'Sediment contamination Sediment Tranport' di UTN, Bangi.
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat J/K Induk Minggu Sains & Teknologi Ke 5 di Kementerian Sains, Teknologi & Alam Sekitar.
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat J/K Kebangsaan IOC di Kementerian Sains, Teklnology & Alam Sekitar.
Mesyuarat-mesyuarat "Malaysia's Marine Heritage" di FRIM.
Mesyuarat Kalender PETRONAS 1991 -Hidupan Laut di Malaysia.
Kursus Pengurusan Kuliti Mikobiologi 21-25/8/90 di PWTC
Symposium on the State of Nature Conservation in Malaysia 24-26 August 1990, University of Malaya.
Bengkel ke Arah Mempertingkatkan Penyertaan Malaysia Dalam UNESCO 25-27 Jun 1990, Port Dickson.
National Workshop on Environmental Planning and Management for Sustainable Development 11-13 December 1990 Port Dickson.
146
8.17 En. Ismail Ishak attended Mesyuarat Projek bantuan FAO -loji pembersihan kerang
8.18 cik Shahunthala Devi
Attended UNEP/COBSEA Training Course on Assessment of Non-Oil Pollutants - 22-25, Jan, 1990. Department, Kuala Lumpur.
Attended a course on Open Water Diver Feb - Mac, 1990.
Attended on IOC/WESTPAC Workshop on Use of in Marine Pollution Monitoring in Dalian 25/4/1990.
Sediments China 10-
Attended a Ad-Hoc Consultation Meeting on 'River Input Project' in Dalian China 7 - 10/4/90.
Attended a Meeting "Fish Kills at K. Sepetang and K.Gula" at PPN, Perak, 13 - 14/6/1990.
Attended a Course on management of Microbiological Quality and Safety of Foods Including use of HACCP System at PWTC, K. Lumpur 21 - 25/8/1990.
8.19 En. Mohd. Pauzi telah:
- Menghadiri Mesyuarat Tukun Tiruan ADB di Pejabat Perikanan Langkawi, Kuah dan di K. Terengg~nu.
Menghadiri Mesyuarat Taman Laut di Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur.
Ibu Pejabat
Menghadiri Mesyuarat unit HELWA dan unit Penyiaran BAKTI di Bilik Mesyuarat IPP.
Menghadiri Mesyuarat 22 ASEAN-Australia di Kuala Lumpur.
Jawatan Kuasa Ibu Pejabat
Teknikal Ke Alam Sekitar
Menghadiri Seminar/tutorial Pentaksiran Sumber Perikanan oleh di Bilik Mesyuarat IPP.
Bagi Dr. C.P.
Tatacara Mathews
Menganjur Ceramah Keselamatan Penyelaman SCUBA Bilik Mesyuarat IPP. Ceramah ini diberikan Jurulatih Penyelam PADI Encik Zafarullah dari USM.
Menghadiri Demonstrasi Peralatan Video Hi-8 di Hotel Shangrila, Pulau Pinang.
di oleh
SONY
Menghadiri Langkawi Malaysia.
Seminar Terumbu Karang Pulau Singa di Jabatan Kajihayat Universiti
Besar, Sains
147
8.20 En. Razak Latun telah:
Menghadiri mesyuarat pengawasan projek tukun tiruan ADB, Mal-862 di Pejabat Perikanan Daerah Langkawi pada 18hb.
Menyampaikan kuliah mengenai Ekosistem tukun tiruan dan paya bakau kepada peserta-peserta Kursus Induksi Pernbantu Perikanan di Institut Latihan Perikanan Malaysia, Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang pada 5hb Mac 1990
Menghadiri mesyuarat pengawasan projek tukun tiruan ADB, Mal-862 di pejabat pengurusan projek di Damansara Utama, Kuala Lumpur pada 4hb. April 1990.
Menghadiri Symposium Tukun Tiruan dan Mesyuarat SCORRAD di Colombo, Sri Lanka pada 13 hingga 20hb. Mei, 1990.
Menyampaikan kuliah mengenai Ekosistem paya bakau dan tukun tiruan kepada peserta-peserta kursus Induksi Pembantu Perikanan di Institut Latihan Perikanan Malaysia di Batu Maung 28hb. Ogos 1990.
National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kedah
8.21 Encik Liong Pit Chong attended:
a Seminar on Canadian Aquaculture Technology in Kuala Lumpur on 05.04.90.
the seminar, Aquatech 90, organized by INFOFISH, in Kuala Lumpur from 11.06.90 to 14.06.90.
Senior Fisheries Officers Annual Conference, 11-14 November 1990, Alor Setar, Kedah.
8.22 Encik Che Utama Che Musa attended:
a meeting on fish kills in Ipoh on 14.06.90.
a training course on 'Feed Preparation Technology' in the University of Philippines in the Visayas, Iloilo City, Philippines from 19.11.90 to 26.11.90 sponsored by ASEAN/UNEP/FAO.
8.23 Zainuddin Jamari and Fariduddin Othman attended a course on Prawn hatchery and nursery operation in Iloilo, Philippines from 28 Aug., to 26 Oct. 1990.
148
training SEAFDEC,
8.24 Faazaz Abd Latif attended a training course on Gracilaria culture and processing of phycocolloids in Zhanjiang, China form 15 Aug. to 6 sept. 1990.
8.25 Palanisamy, V. attended the International Seminar on Disease in Asian Aquaculture held in Bali, Indonesia from 26-29 Nov. 1990.
'Freshwater Fish Research Centre,Melaka
8.26 Encik A.A. Jothy attended:
Meeting of the National Committee for COBSEA. DOE, Kuala Lumpur, on 23.1.90.
Meeting on legislation against the Piranha. DOF, Kuala Lumpur, on 17.2.90.
Meeting on Water quality criteria and standards for fisheries. DOF, Kuala Lumpur, on 8.8.90.
NACA/ADB International symposium on Fish Health Management in the Asia-Pacific Region. Pusan, Korea, on 8.10.90 - 15.10.90.
Senior Fisheries Officers Annual Conference, November 1990, Alor Setar, Kedah.
8.27 Puan Thalathiah Saidin attended:
Aquaculture Seminar. CIDA, Kuala Lumpur on 5.4.90.
11-14
Meeting on new syllabus for aquaculture training. DOF, Kuala Lumpur, on 12.9.90.
Senior Fisheries Officers Annual Conference, November 1990, Alor Setar, Kedah.
11-14
Symposium on fish disease in aquaculture in ASEAN region. Bali, Indonesia, on 26.11.90 - 29.11.90.
8.28 Encik Pathmasothy attended a Seminar on ex-mining land and bris soil prospects and profits, Kuala Lumpur. on 15.10.90 - 16.10.90.
149
8.29 Encik Chuah Hean Peng attended the Asian Regional Workshop on Tilapia Genetics, Central Luzon state University, Philippines, on 29.8.90 - 31.8.90.
8.30 Apart from the above, FFRC was also represented in the following other meetings
AADCP Meetings
1. At DOF, Kuala Lumpur, with the visit of AADCP Coordinator, Mr. Michael New, on 15.02.90.
2. At FFRC, Batu Berendam, on 26.02.90. 3. At DOF, Kuala Lumpur - workplan and budget for 1991, on
25-26.09.90. 4. Project steering Committee Meeting, held at FFRC, Batu
Berendam on 06-07.11.90.
Freshwater Aquaculture steering Committee Meetings: June and December, 1990.
Mesyuarat Pengurusan Bulanan Cawangan Penyelidikan.
Mesyuarat Bulanan Portfolio Pembangunan Desa, Negeri Melaka.
Mesyuarat Melaka.
Bulanan Portfolio Alam Sekitar, Negeri
Mesyuarat Bulanan Petugas Pertanian, Negeri Melaka.
Mesyuarat Bulanan Jawatankuasa Sg. Melaka.
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, Johor
8.31 En. Ismail Abu Hassan menghadiri Mesyuarat Tender Makanan Udang Bagi PPTAP, Gelang Patah, Johor di Bilek Gerakan, Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 8hb. Jun 1990.
8.32 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri Mesyuarat Pemindahan Teknologi Dari Penyelidikan Untuk Tujuan Pengembangan di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 9hb. Oktober 1990.
8.33 En. Ismail Abu Hassan telah menghadiri Mesyuarat Pelancaran Kajian Potensi Ternakair Di Sarawak Dengan Kaedah GIS di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan Sarawak, Kuching pada 12hb. Februari 1990.
8.34 En. Ismail Abu Hassan menghadiri Mesyuarat Tender Makanan Udang di Kementerian Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur pada 28hb. Oktober 1989.
150
8.35 En. Rosly Hassan telah menghadiri Mesyurat Penetapan Kriteria-Kriteria Mutu Air Untuk Kepentingan Hidupan Akuatik di IPP, Glugor, P.Pinang pada 24hb. September 1990.
8.36 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri Mesyuarat Deraf Kajian Kawasan-Kawasan Berpotensi Untuk Ternakan Harimau Di Negeri Sarawak di Pejabat Perikanan Sarawak, Kuching pada 2hb. November 1990.
Laporan Udang
Negeri
8.37 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri Mesyuarat Pertama Kumpulan Kerja Pembentukan Kriteria Dan Nilai Piawaian Kualiti Air Untuk Hidupan Akuatik di PPBUK, Kg. Pulau Sayak, Kedah pada 27hb. Ogos 1990.
8.38 En. Ismail Abu Hassan telah menghadiri Bengkel sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor pada 26hb.-28hb. Februari 1990.
8.39 En. Kam Sim Fock telah menghadiri Taklimat sistem Perakaunan Cawangan dan Sistem Bayaran Pukal di Pusat Daya Pengeluaran Negara, Johor Bahru pada 17hb.-18hb. Mac 1990.
8.40 En.Hambal Hj.Hanafi telah menghadiri 'The Canadian Aquaculture Seminar' di Regent Hotel, Kuala Lumpur pada 5hb. April 1990.
8.41 En. Hambal Hj.Hanafi dan En. Chuah Toh Thye telah menghadiri Seminar dan Perbincangan Pembangunan Akuakultur oleh En.Mazlan Jusoh (TKPP), En. Tan Cheng Kiat (PP&P) dan En. Hambal Hj. Hanafi di Bilek Gerakan Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 29hb. September 1990.
8.42 En. Rosly Hassan telah menghadiri seminar 'Remote di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 7hb. 1990.
Sensing' November
8.43 En. Ismail Abu Remote Sensing AIT, Bangkok, Disember 1990.
Hassan telah menghadiri kursus 'Applied Techniques In Coastal Zone Management' di
Thailand pada 3hb. September hingga 14hb.
8.44 PPTAP telah juga memberi:
(a) Latihan amali selamam 2 minggu kepada Pembantu Perikanan di PPTAP, Gelang Patah pada 11hb. - 23hb. Mac 1989.
(b) Latihan peralihan kepada bekas prajurit En. Mohd. Hang Tuah bin Samad daripada 13hb. Mac - 12hb. September 1990.
(c) Latihan amali kepada penuntut-penuntut Pertanian Malaysia dari masa ke semasa.
151
Universiti
pusat Penyelidikan Sumber Ikan Marin
8.45 Y.M.Raja Mohammad Noordin b. Raja Omar telah menhadiri mesyuarat/kursus seperti berikut:
18 Jan: Mesyuarat Kemajuan dan Pelaksanaan Projek Tukun Tiruan PVC ADB di Pulau Langkawi.
03 Feb: Mesyuarat Khas Departmen ke Empat SEAFDEC di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur.
07 Feb: Mesyuarat Khas Kegunaan Tanah Kompleks Perikanan Chendering di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur.
07-14 Mac: Mesyuarat sessi 23 IOC Executive Council di Paris.
04 Apr: Mesyuarat Projek Tukun Tiruan ADB di Pejabat Pengurusan Projek, Kuala Lumpur.
21 Jun: Kajian Negara.
Mesyuarat Penyediaan Projek Remote Sensing Pengesanan . Ikan Pelagik di Pusat Remote
untuk Sensing
26 Ogo-19 Sep: Kursus Fisheries stock Assessment and Computer Methodology, Imperial College, London.
6-20 Dis: Kursus Training course on Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Coastal Zone Management di Pusat Remote Sensing Negara, Kuala Lumpur.
8.46 Encik Abdul Hamid b. Yasin sedang menghadiri kursus Ijazah Sarjana "MSc. in Oceanography" di University of Southampton, U.K. pada Oktober 1989 - September 1991.
8.47 Encik Kamarruddin b. Ibrahim telah menghadiri mesyuarat/ kursus seperti berikut:
04-05 Feb: Mesyuarat Kajian Migrasi Penyu di PPN Johor.
26-28 Feb: Bengkel GIS: Pendekatan Analitik, UTM, Johor.
13 Ogo-1 Sep: Radar Remote Sensing Workshop, Pusat Remote Sensing Negara, Kuala Lumpur.
19 Dis: Abang
Mesyuarat ke 2/90 di
Majlis Penasihat Santuari Penyu Rantau SUK Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu.
8.48 Encik Sukarno b. wagiman telah menghadiri mesyuarat seperti berikut:
mesyuarat-
16 Jan: Mesyuarat Penyelarasan Kerja Penyu di Ibu Pejabat Kuala Lumpur.
152
18 Jan: Mesyuarat Kemajuan dan Pelaksanaan Projek Tukun Tiruan PVC ADB di Pulau Langkawi.
11 Feb: Mesyuarat Projek Tukun Tiruan ADB di IPP, Pulau Pinang.
21 Feb: kepada Abang.
Taklimat Penyu dan Santuari Penyu Rantau Abang Pegawai Daerah Dungun di Pusat Penerangan Rantau
04 Apr: Mesyuarat Projek Tukun Tiruan ADB di pejabat Pengurusan Projek, Kuala Lumpur.
08 Sep: Mesyuarat Terengganu.
Taman Laut, PPN Terengganu, Kuala
8.49 Y.M.Raja Bidin b. Raja Hassan telah menghadiri kursus seperti berikut:
2-6 Jul: Expert Consultation On Tunas In Indian Ocean, Bangkok.
26 Ogo-19 Sep: Kursus Computer Methodology,
Fisheries stock Imperial College,
Assessment London.
and
5-14 Dis: Systems Design For Microcomputer Course di INTAN, Kuala Lumpur.
Pusat Penyelidikan Perikanan Laut, Bintawa, Sarawak
8.50 Encik George Chong Chiaw Min attended:
Monthly management meetings of the FRI, conducted at various Centres throughout the country.
II
Course on Computer Methodology In Fish Stock Assessment, 27 August- 19 September 1990, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
8.51 Encik Hadil Rajali attended a M.Sc. course in Marine Fisheries Science (Acoustic stock Assessment) from October 1989 - September 1990 in University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
8.52 cik Yong Ai Hua attended a Regional Training Course on Fish Population Dynamics from 14.8.90 - 12.9.90 in SEAFDEC, Bangkok.
8.53 Encik Richard Rumpet attended a Regional Training Course on Fish Population Dynamics from 14.8.90 - 12.9.90 in SEAFDEC, Bangkok.
153
8.54 Encik Albert Chuan Gambang is currently attending a M.Sc. course in Marine Fisheries Science (Acoustic Stock Assessment) in the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. He will be away from October, 1990 - October, 1991.
8.55 Pang Suh Cem is currently attending a M~Sc. course in Biological Computation in the University of York, united Kingdom. He will be away from September,1990 October, 1991.
8.56 Encik Ismaili Bujang Pit attended a training course in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System from 6.12.90 - 20.12.90 in the pusat Remote Sensing Negara, Kuala Lumpur.
OKS 910908
154
Apnendix 1.
':':l.ddress or 2isherias ,Research I!ls~i±u:t.: ~:nd I-ts 3ra21ch:as
Head Office:
Fisheries Research Institute, (Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia) , 11700 Gelugor, Penang. Tel. No: 04-872777 / 04-873150 Fax No: 04-876388
Branches:
National Prawn Fry Production & Research Centre, Kampong Pulau Sayak, 08500 Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah.
~1-~7!~21 / 04-474022 / 04-474023.
Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Batu Berendam, 75350 Melaka. Tel. No: 06-353497 / 06-353499 Fax No: 06-355705
Brackishwater Aquaculture Research Centre, 81550 Gelang Patah, Jahor. Tel. No: 07-501202.
Marine Fish Resource Research Centre, 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-675135 Fax No: 09-675136
Marine Fish Fry Production Centre, Tanjong Demong, 22200 Besut, Terengganu. Tel. No: 09-976778.
Fisheries Research Centre, Bintawa, 93744 Kuching, Sarawak. Tel. No: 082-331281.
155
CARTA ORGANISASI INSTITUT PENYELlDlKAN PERIKANAN MALAYS!A, 1990
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