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• Qube4 • M-Nav800
Rev. 05302013
Installation Training & Troubleshooting
#090
2 | Confidential
Table of Contents
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Pages 6-10
Pages 11-12
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
Pages 16-17
Pages 18-21
Page 22
Pages 23-24
Page 25
Page 26
Pages 27-33
Page 34
Page 35
Page 36
Page 37
Fleet Tracking & Management ………..….……………..……….………
Recommended Installation Practices ….……………..……….………
Recommended Tools and Supplies …….……………….……………….
Qube4 Hardware …….…………………….…………………………………….
Identifying Correct Wires ……………..….………………………….……..
“Poke & Wrap” Solder-less Connections ………….………………….
Chassis Ground Connection …………………………….…………….……
Mounting the Antenna ………………….……………….……………………
Mobile Data Terminal: M-Nav800 .………………….…………………..
ConEx Sensor Monitoring …………………….………….………….………
Qube Power Up Procedure ……………………………….…………………
Live Test using Online AVL2 .………………………………………………..
Tamper-Evident Seal ……………………………………………………..…….
Completing the Installation …………………………………………………
Troubleshooting Section ……………..………………………………..…….
Dimensions and Specifications ……….……………………………………
Technical Support ………………………………………………………………..
Global Positioning System (GPS) ……..….……………..……….………
Disclaimer ……………………………………………………………………………
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Fleet Tracking and Management
Cellular Network
(SMS) Qube4 – ATT
Global Positioning System Satellites
Qube Fleet
Qtanium Fleet
Navman Wireless Operations Center
Mobile iAVL Online AVL2
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Review this installation manual to become familiar with all installation procedures and electrical wiring requirements prior to starting the installation. This installation guide has been prepared to provide you with details necessary to complete the Qube installation.
Use of proper tools and testing equipment is required. Never use a grounding style test light. Use only a Digital Multi Meter (DMM) to test wires in the vehicle. It is strongly recommended that one of the battery post cables is disconnected or battery disconnect switch is engaged prior to making electrical connections.
The recommended method of electrical connections for the Qube is “Poke and Wrap”. “Poke and Wrap” is described in detail later in this guide. It is critical to ensure that all electrical connections are properly insulated with quality electrical tape. Do not use butt connectors, crimp connectors or any other means to connect wires. Failing to ensure proper connections may result in warranty being voided and damage to the Qube and/or the vehicle.
Ensure that all wiring is protected from heat sources and sharp metal edges and is routed in such manner that it will not get damaged or pinched when vehicle components and trim are reinstalled. Run new wiring along factory harnesses and secure with quality cable zip-ties. Be sure to leave a “service loop” near the Qube, enough slack in the wiring to allow working room and strain relief.
The Qube is NOT waterproof, never mount the Qube in the engine compartment. When mounting the Qube, determine best possible location under the dash and make sure that the Qube will be securely attached using self-tapping screws or cable zip-ties. Do not force or jam the Qube into tight places instead of mounting it. When mounting the Qube, do not obstruct any serviceable areas such as fuseboxes, etc. The Qube and its wiring must be mounted away from any moving parts such as brake, gas, and clutch pedals and linkages.
Follow all safety guidelines outlined in this guide, the applicable Qube Installation Manual as well as those set forth by industry and government.
Recommended Installation Practices
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Basic Tools: • Wire Strippers • Connector Crimping Tool • Panel Removal Tool • Digital Multimeter (DMM) • T-10S Torx Screwdriver (for Qube4)
Basic Supplies: • Ring Terminals • Cable Zip-Ties • Electrical Tape • Spare Fuses (3 Amp) • Self-Tapping Screws
Recommended Tools and Supplies
T-10S Torx Screwdriver
Tamper Proof (required for Qube4)
Recommended Tool: Gardner Bender
GS-394
Recommended Fuse Holder with Cover
Recommended Tamper-Evident
Seal
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Qube Installation Kit
To ensure professional installation, Navman Wireless provides an install hardware kit for all new Qube systems.
Qube Installation Supplies Kit
To allow for quicker and easier installations, Navman Wireless designed an all-in-one antenna system that includes both GPS and cellular components built into same housing.
GPS/Cellular Combination Antenna
Qube4 Hardware
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Qube4 Hardware
Qube3 Box Contents:
T-10S Security Screws (3 pcs)
Power Harness
2-piece Anti-Tamper Cover
4 Mounting Screws
Cell Antenna Connector
(FME)
8-pin I/O Cable Port B
4-pin Power Port
MDT/Data Port
(RJ45)
SIM card
Diagnostic LED’s Green – Power (On/Off/Sleep)
Orange – GPS (Fix/No Fix) Red – Cell (Online/Offline)
10-pin I/O Cable Port A
GPS Antenna Connector
(SMA)
The Navman Wireless Qube 4 is an Automatic Vehicle Location unit (AVL) that is installed into fleet vehicles.
It communicates with a server and allows vehicle information to be stored and monitored.
It is a combined GPS (Global Positioning System) and communications product that contains:
• a GPS Receiver to provide accurate location data,
• a Cellular Modem that enables data to be transferred between the vehicle and the server,
• an on-board microprocessor to allow data processing and storage, and external communication.
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Qube4 Hardware: Security Cover
T-10S Torx Screwdriver
Required
T-10S Security Screws
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Qube4 Hardware: Power Harness
Black - Ground
Pink* - Ignition
Red* - Constant +12/24V
Qube4 Power Harness
*These connections must fused (3A)
Qube4 Power Harness:
• RED wire – Uninterrupted Power Source (3A fuse)
• PINK wire – Primary Ignition /Switched Source (3A fuse)
• BLACK wire – Chassis Ground
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Yellow Shipping Plug
Qube4 Hardware: Shipping Plug
Yellow Shipping Plug The Yellow Shipping Plug is inserted into the Serial Data Port prior to shipping the device. This disables the internal back-up battery during shipping and prevents any cellular signal transmissions while in transit. The Yellow Shipping Plug is also used to Cold Reset the Qube4. Remove this plug after installation is complete and retain for future use. *Cold reset procedure is described in the troubleshooting section of this manual.
Internal Back-Up Battery
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1. Remove any interior/under dash trim necessary to gain access to vehicle’s wiring as well as all areas where interconnecting wire harnesses will need to be located.
2. Attach fuse holders to the Constant and Ignition wires of the Qube’s harness. 3. Individually isolate any wires in the Qube’s harnesses that will not be used during installation. 4. It is strongly recommended to locate and connect constant power and ignition wires at the
ignition key switch connector behind ignition key cylinder. (Note: If the ignition switch harness is not accessible, amperage restriction exists, or the vehicle has an electronic starting system, constant power and ignition connections can be made at the interior fusebox.)
5. Use a multimeter and the chart on next page to identify Constant and Ignition wires.
Identifying Correct Wires
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Vehicle’s Constant Power wire The correct wire will have battery voltage +12V (or +24V) present at all times, even when the
ignition key is in off position or removed. Connect Qube’s red wire here. Vehicle’s Ignition wire The correct wire will have +12V (or +24V) present only when -- the key is in ON position, during
cranking and while motor is running. Connect Qube’s pink wire here.
Note1: After appropriate wires have been identified, it is strongly recommended that one of
the battery post cables is disconnected prior to making wire connections.
Note2: If the vehicle has a master battery disconnect switch, Qube must be connected on the battery (hot) side of that switch.
START
OFF
ACC
ON
Typical Ignition Key Cylinder
Identifying Correct Wires
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Whenever connecting wires inside the cab, the recommended method is soldering. As an alternative, a “Poke & Wrap” method for solder-less connections can be used.
Strip. Use wire strippers to pull back at least ¾ inch insulation from the vehicle’s source wire. Next, strip back approximately 1” of insulation from the Qube fuse holder’s wire.
Divide. Use a small tool to carefully divide exposed strands of the source wire down the middle.
Poke. Insert fuse holder’s stripped wire lead through separated strands of vehicle’s source wire using extreme caution not to allow any exposed wiring to come into contact with the vehicle chassis.
Wrap. Tightly wrap exposed lead of the fuse holder around the bare section of vehicle’s source wire (4-6 loops).
Lock. Next, bend the fuse holder wire back onto the wrapped section. Bending back acts as a lock for this type of a connection.
Secure. Use quality electrical tape to tightly wrap and isolate the connection. Use a zip-tie to completely secure the connection. Apply tamper seal to the zip-tie Do not use any nylon or vinyl butt connectors, t-taps, scotchloks, quick disconnects or fuse taps.
“Poke & Wrap” Solder-less Connections
1. Strip
2. Divide
3. Poke
4. Wrap
5. Lock
6. Secure
Cable Tie Electrical Tape
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• Connect the Qube’s Ground wire (black) to vehicle’s chassis.
• For a solid connection, use a ring tongue terminal connector, star washer and a self-tapping screw
• Do not ground under existing bolts that hold brackets or panels in place.
Chassis Ground Connection
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• Exposed install: Using the supplied double-sided tape pad, mount the antenna to the bottom corner of the windshield. Make sure the correct side of antenna is facing out, into the sky.
• Covert install: Using the supplied double-sided tape pad, mount the antenna to a flat clean surface under the passenger side of the dashboard – as high as possible, ideally, just under top dash cover and positioned horizontally. Make sure the correct side of antenna is facing up, into the sky.
• Do not mount the GPS antenna under any metal surface or near the vehicle’s radio. Avoid mounting antennas under dash in front of the drivers since they may place metal clipboards, laptops, etc on top of dash and inadvertently block the GPS signal to the antenna. This antenna is NOT waterproof – do not mount outside the vehicle.
*Fleet manager will determine the appropriate method (exposed or covert) for mounting the antenna.
Mounting the Antenna
*View from under the dash
GPS/Cell Combination
Antenna
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Mobile Data Terminal: M-Nav800
Cradle Suction Mount
M-Nav800 Power/Data Cable
Power Adaptor
Route the M-Nav800 Power/Data cable from the Qube to the top of dashboard, where M-Nav800 will be mounted. Use the supplied suction cup mount or the optional dash mount bracket to secure the device in place. Plug into the MDT/Data Port on the Qube4.
Plugs into Data Port on Qube4
Optional Panavise hard-mount bracket
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2 Screws 4 Screws
Install Zip Tie
*In-Line Power Adaptor
*When upgrading to MNav800, you must use the In-Line Power Adaptor supplied with the MNav800. Do not use adaptors from other devices.
Optional: 2 screws for permanent mount
Mobile Data Terminal: M-Nav800
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• Qubes are capable of monitoring multiple vehicle sensors/switches thru ConEx multi function inputs. PTO’s, oil pressure, air-restriction, door pins, etc can be connected to and monitored. Sensor settings are configured thru OnlineAVL2 software.
ConEx Sensor Monitoring
Qube4 8-wire I/O Cable: 1. Black – Ground 2. White – +3.8V Ref 3. Yellow – MIO1 4. Green – MIO2 5. Light Blue/Black – RXD2 6. Light Blue – TXD2 7. Orange – 1Wire+ 8. Orange/White – 1WD
Qube4 10-wire I/O Cable: 1. Black – Ground 2. Brown – TXD3 3. Brown/White – RXD3 4. Black – Ground 5. Purple – DIN4 6. Blue – DIN3 7. Blue/White – DIN2 8. Green/White – DIN1 9. Light Green – DOUT1 10. Gray – DOUT2
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ConEx Sensor Monitoring (cont.)
Digital Inputs DI-1 to DI-4
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ConEx Sensor Monitoring (cont.)
Digital Outputs DO-1 & DO-2
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ConEx Sensor Monitoring (cont.)
Multi I/O-1 & I/O-2 Each Multi I/O can be configured in one of 3 different operating modes: Digital Input, Digital Output, or Analogue Input.
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Qube Power Up Procedure
When the installation is complete, perform the following steps in the order they are listed to bring the device online promptly
1. Ensure vehicle is outside and has clear view of sky
2. Attach both antenna cables to the Qube,
3. Plug in the power harness,
4. Remove the yellow shipping plug (Qube3),
5. Cycle ignition On/Off 2-3 times, leave ignition On
6. Wait for the three diagnostic LED’s to turn On
*If any LED’s are not On within 10 minutes, perform Cold Reset
7. Connect optional harnesses: ConEx, M-Nav, MDT
8. Perform Live Test outlined on next page
Diagnostic LED’s Green – Power (On/Off/Sleep)
Orange – GPS (Fix/No Fix) Red – Cell (Online/Offline)
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Live Test using OnlineAVL2
1. Verify vehicle is outside and has clear view of sky for the Live Test.
2. Access vehicle properties in Online AVL2 and rename the Qube’s Display Name you’ve just installed from generic to customer specific asset name/number.
3. While in vehicle properties, record odometer mileage into the maintenance window.
4. Turn ignition key to accessory position, verify this did not register “ignition ON” in OnlineAVL2.
5. Turn ignition key ON, ensure an “ignition ON” event is registered in OnlineAVL2.
6. Wait for one minute, then turn ignition key to START, once engine is running, verify thru OnlineAVL2 that no additional “ignition OFF”/”ignition ON” events have been registered.
7. Verify GPS reading in OnlineAVL2 /Satellites column (5 or more Satellites required).
8. If applicable, send and receive a test message from M-Nav800 or MDT.
9. Verify/configure sensor activity in OnlineAVL2 for any sensors connected to ConEx inputs (if applicable).
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Live Test using Online AVL2 (cont.)
Installation Power Up Events
ConEx Sensor Activity
Satellites Column
Send Message Button
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“Poke and Wrap”
Fuse Holders
Apply Tamper-Evident Seal paste (Torque-Seal or inspector’s lacquer) to all “Poke and Wrap” connections, fuse holders and the ground screw. Once applied it sticks to the surface and dries hard over 24 hours. Once hard it will crack on removal making the tampering obvious. Attach the clear tamper-proof Security Cover with supplied T-10S security screws.
Tamper-Evident Seal
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• Mount the Qube to an existing wire harness with strong zip-ties or to sheet metal using screws. Position the Qube with the LEDs facing down (LEDs visible for troubleshooting and Qube4 protection from water ingress).
• Complete the installation by securing all wires with zip-ties, away from any moving parts or sharp metal edges.
• Reconnect any of the vehicle’s connectors that were unplugged during disassembly and replace all interior trim panels.
Completing the Installation
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Troubleshooting Section
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Troubleshooting Qube Installation
The shipping plug can be used
to Cold Reset Qube4
1. Verify both antenna connectors are attached (perform this procedure with antennas connected)
2. Insert yellow shipping plug into MDT/Data port (unplug any other device from MDT/Data port)
3. Remove Power and ConEx connectors 4. Wait 30 seconds (allow device to power down)
5. Reconnect Power (plug in power connector)
6. Remove yellow shipping plug from MDT/Data port
7. Turn ignition on (allow time for device to reboot: 1-5 min)
8. Use OnlineAVL2 to check if the Qube resumed reporting
9. Reconnect ConEx connectors and any device into MDT/Data Port
Yellow Shipping Plug
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Symptom: Qube is not powering up (All LEDs Off) (Keep in mind, during initial installation, improper ignition wire connection may prevent the Qube from waking up/coming online) 1. Cycle ignition key Off/ON to attempt to wake up the Qube. 2. Are the GPS and Cell LED’s on? Check OnlineAVL2, if vehicle is reporting correctly, then the green Power LED is out of order (this does not affect
overall performance of the Qube). 3. Disconnect any accessories (M-Nav, MDT, etc) and the ConEx harness from the Qube to eliminate possibility of other devices causing short circuit. 4. Use multimeter to test wiring harness: verify that you are receiving +12V power, ignition and ground signals all the way at the Qube’s
connector/plug – at the pins. If this test fails, replace blown fuses, fix wire to wire connections or replace the harness. Perform device test at vehicle’s battery.
5. Make sure all unused wires from the Qube’s harness are individually isolated/taped (cut off tinned ends off all unused wires). 6. Perform Cold Reset (see previous pages for this procedure). 7. If a spare/working Qube is available, plug it in to verify that its green Power LED comes on and it starts reporting in OnlineAVL2, If the spare Qube works, remove the original Qube from vehicle for replacement. If the spare Qube does not power up, there could be an “open” or “short circuit” in the existing wiring: replace all Qube’s power wiring, including the main harness, fuses and fuse holders. If the spare Qube is not available, remove the original Qube from vehicle for replacement.
Troubleshooting Qube Installation
Power & Ignition to positive post
Ground wire to negative post
+
Qube Test at Vehicle’s Battery
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Symptom: Qube is not reporting in Online AVL2 (Cellular Connectivity Issues – Red LED Off) (Keep in mind, the Qube may not be reporting in Online AVL2 because it could be out of Cell Network Coverage or the Cell Tower is out. As soon as the vehicle goes thru an ignition cycle in an area with good coverage, all data will back-populate.) 1. Cycle ignition key Off/ON to attempt to wake up the Qube 2. Verify that the Qube’s green LED light (Power LED) is on. (If the green Power LED is not on, see the above section: Qube is not powering up) 3. Verify that the Qube’s orange LED light (GPS LED) is on. (If GPS LED light is off but cell LED is on, the Qube may be reporting to last date when it
had a GPS fix; date stamp is acquired thru GPS signal, see next section: GPS fix issues) 4. Verify that the Qube’s red LED light (Cell LED) is on, if the red LED is on, use Online AVL2 to verify with installer the Qube’s AVL ID# (also called
IMEI / Modem / ESN) (you could be looking at wrong vehicle/device in OnlineAVL2). If the red Cell LED is not on, continue troubleshooting. 5. Verify that the Qube is receiving switched +12V signal on the ignition wire. Turn ignition key to ON position and, using multimeter, check at the
Qube’s connector that +12V is present on Ignition input. If it is not, check fuse and connection to vehicle. 6. Verify that all unused wires in the main harness are not shorting among one another and are individually isolated/taped. 7. As a precaution and for testing purposes, if connected, please disconnect any MDT/MNav cable from the Qube’s RJ45 port – if that cable is
damaged, it could be causing short circuit in the Qube. Perform Cold Reset. Turn ignition on and allow up to 5 minutes to acquire signal. 8. Remove the SIM card and check for visible damage/defects, make sure SIM card is inserted firmly into SIM card slot (do not force SIM into slot).
Verify that the SIM card does not slide completely thru/into the device (this would indicate the card slot alignment is damaged). If available, try a SIM card from another Qube.
9. Verify with network provider that your vehicle is located in cell network (data/SMS) coverage area. 10. Check cell antenna connection to the Qube, tighten if necessary. Check antenna cable for cuts/nicks, if damaged replace antenna and cable. 11. Move the vehicle at least 50 feet away from any building to obtain clear view of sky. Perform Cold Reset. Turn ignition on and allow up to 5
minutes to acquire cell coverage (red LED on). 12. Contact Navman Support to verify the device is activated/registered with appropriate carrier. 13. If a spare/working Qube is available, plug it in, turn ignition on and verify that its red Cell LED comes on. If the red LED is on, remove the original
Qube from vehicle for replacement. If the red LED is not on, replace current antenna. 14. If a spare Qube is not available, replace antenna with a spare, turn ignition on and allow up to 5 minutes to obtain cell coverage (red LED on). If
the red Cell LED is not on, remove the original Qube from vehicle for replacement.
Troubleshooting Qube Installation
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Symptom: Qube is reporting to AVL2 but shows invalid location (GPS Fix Issues – Amber LED Off) (Keep in mind, the Qube may not be reporting correct GPS location or repeating last known location because the Qube’s antenna does not have clear view of sky, is obstructed or defective) 1. Cycle ignition key Off/ON to attempt to wake up the Qube 2. Verify that the Qube’s red LED light (Cell LED) is on. (If the red LED is not on, see the previous section: Qube not reporting in AVL2) 3. Verify that the Qube’s orange LED light (GPS LED) is on solid, if the orange LED is not on or blinking, continue with troubleshooting. 4. Verify that there is no obstruction (clipboards, laptops, bean bag mounts, portable navigation systems or Sirius/XM sat radios, etc) on top of
dashboard or on windshield where the covert antenna may be located, 5. Verify that the correct side of Qube’s antenna is facing up/sky. 6. Check GPS antenna connection to the Qube, tighten if necessary. 7. Check GPS antenna/cable for damage, if damaged replace antenna. 8. Move the vehicle at least 50 feet away from any building to obtain clear view of sky. Perform Cold Reset. Reconnect power to the Qube, turn
ignition on and allow up to 5 minutes to obtain GPS fix (orange LED on). 9. If a spare/working Qube is available, plug it in to verify that its orange GPS LED is on (this may take up to 5 minutes) If the orange LED is not on, replace antenna. If the orange LED is on, remove the original Qube from vehicle for replacement 10. If a spare/working Qube is not available, replace antenna with a spare, move the vehicle at least 50 feet away from any building to obtain clear
view of sky. Perform Cold Reset. Reconnect power to the Qube, turn ignition on and allow up to 5 minutes to obtain GPS fix (orange LED on). If the orange GPS LED is not on at this point, remove the original Qube from vehicle for replacement.
Troubleshooting Qube Installation
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Symptom: Qube is reporting to AVL2 but displays “Power up + Ignition On” icons. This condition is most likely caused by improper connections of the Qube’s power wires to vehicle circuits. The installer may have connected the constant +12V wire or the ground wire from the Qube’s power harness to a switched source in vehicle. In some cases, the constant +12V and the ignition wires are connected in reverse. Use mutimeter to verify wiring connections to Qube’s constant +12V, ignition and ground wires. (Keep in mind, during initial installation, improper power/ignition wire connections may prevent the Qube from waking up/coming online)
Symptom: Qube is reporting to AVL2 but does not have any “Ignition Off” events. This condition is most likely caused by improper connections of the Qube’s power wires to vehicle circuits. The installer may have connected the ignition wire from the Qube’s power harness to a constant +12v source in vehicle. Use mutimeter to verify wiring connections to Qube’s constant +12V, ignition and ground wires.
Symptom: Qube is reporting to AVL2 but has multiple “Ignition On / Ignition Off” events. This condition is most likely caused by, either poor/loose connection of the Qube’s ignition wire, improper selection of a “true” ignition source, or low/drained vehicle’s battery (i.e. during engine crank). If the vehicle has trouble starting and/or running, advice customer to see a qualified mechanic. If the vehicle does not have problems starting and/or running, verify that Qube’s ignition wire is connected to a “true” ignition source and not an accessory circuit (if connected to an accessory, AVL2 may display ignition “ON-OFF-ON” every time the vehicle is started), Check the Qube’s ignition wire connection, if loose, move and/or rewire this connection, Check connections at the ignition fuse holder and test ignition wire pin at the Qube’s power connector.
Troubleshooting Wiring
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Troubleshooting M-Nav Installation
Power Cycle/Cold Reset procedure for M-Nav800 Hold the power button down for at least 8 seconds, device will reboot. Hardware Swap Procedure: determining faulty piece of hardware 1. Verify that the Qube is functional and reporting to Online AVL2. 2. Call Navman Support to have the Qube’s serial port set to communicate with the M-Nav. If problem persists, proceed to next
step. 3. Take Malfunctioning M-Nav and plug into Good Vehicle. If problem persists, contact Navman Support to arrange for M-Nav
replacement. If Malfunctioning M-Nav works normal in Good Vehicle, proceed to next step. 4. Replace the cradle in Malfunctioning Vehicle, test and note any change in M-Nav behavior. If problem persists, proceed to next
step. 5. Replace the power/data cable in Malfunctioning Vehicle, test and note any change in M-Nav behavior. If problem persists,
proceed to next step. 6. Replace the Qube in Malfunctioning Vehicle with a spare or a known working Qube, test M-Nav and note any change. 7. Once failed hardware component is isolated, contact Navman Support for return/replacement. Symptom (Power): M-Nav will not power, M-Nav loses power unexpectedly, M-Nav turns on and off while in use. Most likely cause: No power/loose connections at the Qube; M-nav not cradled properly; pins on cradle stuck or unclean; faulty cradle; faulty PND cable, Qube’s data port must be set to M-Nav mode (call Support). Symptom (Messaging): M-Nav can’t send or receive messages Most likely cause: Qube needs serial port set to M-Nav mode (call Support); faulty cradle; faulty PND cable. Symptom (Driver ID): Driver Logon function not working Most likely cause: New Qube or M-Nav in use & Driver ID settings not yet re-pushed through both devices in AVL2 (call Support); no power and/or cell connection on the Qube.
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Dimensions and Specifications: Qube4
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Technical Support Department
Hours: Monday – Friday 7am – 7pm (Central Time)
e-mail: [email protected]
Toll Free Phone # 866-527-9896 Local Phone # 847-832-6950
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth. As a national resource, it is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.
GPS was created and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It was established in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems. The first original satellite was launched in 1989, and the 24th satellite was launched in 1994. “Selective Availability” was implemented initially, where the highest quality signal was reserved for military use and the signal available for civilian use was intentionally degraded. On May 2, 2000 "Selective Availability" was discontinued as a result of an executive order, allowing users to receive a non-degraded signal globally. This improved the precision of civilian GPS from 100 meters (about 300 feet) to 20 meters (about 65 feet). Additional satellites were launched over the years to replace older ones.
A GPS receiver uses the messages it collects from the GPS satellites to determine the transit time of each message and calculates the distance to each satellite. Although, signals from three satellites may seem to be enough to compute global position, even a very small clock error multiplied by the “speed of light” with which message is delivered — results in a large positional error. Consequently receivers use four or more satellites to calculate for the receiver's location and time. The messages from satellites also carry a very accurate date and time stamp. About eight satellites are visible from any point on the ground at any one time. (Wikipedia)
The GPS signal is a line-of-sight signal so it is imperative that the GPS receiver antenna has a clear view of the sky. All GPS tracking systems depend upon a well placed and functioning antenna. Some conditions that negatively affect the GPS signal reception include driving between tall buildings, deep valleys, forests, mountain regions, underground parking or tunnels or being indoors. Do not mount the GPS antenna under any metal surface. Once mounted, route the cable toward the receiver. The cable is matched to the pre-determined length, so do not shorten or extend it. Avoid making sharp bends in the antenna cable or winding excess cable into small, tight loops.
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Although Navman Wireless’s goods, services, and software can be useful as a part of a logistics and/or property management program, Navman Wireless makes no warranty whatsoever that its goods, services, or software will prevent or mitigate any theft, misappropriation, injury, delay, or other adverse condition. Navman Wireless’s goods, services, and software are not designed, intended, authorized, or warranted to be suitable for use or resale as control equipment in, or for other applications related to, hazardous or critical environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communications systems, air traffic control, life support, weapons systems, or other application in which the failure of a product could lead to death, personal injury, or physical or environmental damage.
Disclaimer
2701 Patriot Blvd. Suite 150 Glenview, IL 60026 USA T: +1.866.527.9896 F: +1.847.832.2475 navmanwireless.com
