Installation Guide of EG

8/14/2019 Installation Guide of EG

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SECTION 1 - Safey Precautions

Before operating any generator system, read the Operator's Manual to become familiar with yourequipment. Safe and efficient operation can only happen if the equipment is properly operatedand maintained.

No generator manufacturer or installation contractor can anticipate every potential hazardinvolved with the installation and use of these type of systems. The warnings, decal and labelsattached to the equipment and used in this Manual can not cover all hazards. Use of methods orprocedures other than those recommended by the equipment manufacturer must satisfy you thatit is safe for you or others to follow.

The following symbols are highlighted to alert you of conditions that are potentially dangerous tothe operator, installation/service/repair personnel, or the equipment.

1-1. General Safety Precautions

DANGERThis symbol warns of hazards which will result in severe or lethalpersonal injury.

WARNINGThis symbol refers to a hazardous or unsafe practice which hasthe potential to result in personal injury or product/propertydamage.

CAUTIONThis symbol warns of immediate hazards which will result insevere or lethal personal injury.

Keep equipment clean and properly maintained. Normal maintenance and servicing of

equipment is a prerequisite to a functional, safely operated machine.

Use common sense, read the instructions and information in this manual carefully, and

check for other local safety rules that require compliance.

1-2. Installation Precautions

Be safety conscious. Read all operational, safety and installation information before

attempting to install or operate any generator equipment.

This equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and repaired by qualified

personnel only. The installation and interconnection of this equipment to facility wiringand other equipment must be done by a competent, qualified craftsperson who is familiar

with applicable standards and codes governing the installation.

Installation methods, practices, or procedures that are unauthorized or done improperly

are dangerous and could result in serious personal injury or damage to property andequipment.

Installation, operation, servicing and repair of electrical power generators and their

related equipment must be done in accordance to applicable codes, standards, regulationsand laws. The National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), National Electric Code


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(NEC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, localindustrial codes and requirements must be complied with in the use and servicing of thisequipment.

WARNINGFUEL AND FUMES ARE FLAMMABLE. A fire or explosion couldresult from violation of recommended practices or procedures

An open flame, smoking, or welding near a generator is a potential fire hazard. Internal

combustion engine fuels are flammable.

Ensure all fuel fittings are properly connected and not leaking. Periodic inspection is

required to ensure no leaks develop over time.

Fuel connection at the engine should be made with an approved flexible fuel line. Use of

copper piping for flexible lines is not recommended as copper work hardens and becomesbrittle.

Never fill fuel tanks while the engine is running, unless tanks are outside the engine

room. When fuel comes in contact with a hot engine or exhaust system, there ispossibility of a fire or explosion.

Under certain conditions storage batteries will expel explosive hydrogen gas. Do not

allow smoking, welding or sparks in the vicinity of any storage battery. Adequateventilation must be provided around batteries. Battery racks must also be grounded tominimize static charges.

DANGER EXHAUST GASES ARE LETHAL

Ensure the exhaust system is installed properly and adequate ventilation is provided.

Exhaust gases must be safely piped away from the unit to an area not used by people. Theengine consumes oxygen and the exhaust given off by the engine contains carbonmonoxide gas. Carbon Monoxide is a deadly, lethal gas.

The installation must have adequate ventilation.

DANGER MOVING PARTS CAN KILL

While equipment is running, stand clear of moving parts.

When in service certain automatic start units are capable of starting at anytime. Disablecontrol and power switches before maintaining, servicing or repairing these units.

Before starting work on a self-starting generator, disconnect the starting battery.

Disconnect the negative (-) battery cable first to prevent accidental shorting.

Ensure all fasteners are secure. Tighten hardware and keep all guards in position over

fans, impellers, or other moving parts.


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If adjustments must be made while the unit is running, use extreme care around moving

and hot parts. Hot parts include engine and exhaust system, muffler, pipes, flexibleexhaust pipe section, etc..

WARNINGELECTRICAL SHOCK CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY OR

DEATH

Wire gauge sizes of electrical wiring, cables, and facility circuits must be of sufficient

size to handle the maximum electrical current (ampacity) of circuits. Refer to generatorsystem's User Manual to determine appropriate cable/wire size.

Remove electrical power before removing any generator's protective panels or touching

any electrical components.

SECTION 2 - Locations

The location for a generator is dependent on applicable codes and associated support systems forthe generator such as ventilation, wiring, fuel, and exhaust.

The following factors should be considered:

The ideal location for any generator is away from extreme ambient temperatures and

where the generator is protected from adverse weather conditions. It is recommended thatgenerator be as close to the load it is supporting as possible.

The structure the Gen-Set (Generator Set) will be set upon must be strong enough to

support the weight of the Gen-Set, its' auxiliary equipment, and other equipment mountedon the structure.

The structure must meet a 1 hour non-combustion fire rating.

The installation site must be clean, dry and not subject to flooding.

Because of excessive ambient temperatures associated with the use of stand-alone metal

sheds from exposure to sunlight, a concrete pad with a supported roof and an outsidesecurity enclosure (fence) to protect the unit from vandalism, birds, rodents, and othersmall animals is recommended.

The Gen-Set generates heat while running. Installing the Gen-Set in a tightly enclosed

building or shed is not recommended. The site must provide for adequate cooling andventilation with a minimum of duct work. Adequate ventilation for a generator isspecified in cubic feet per minute.

The site must permit engine exhaust gases to be piped away to an area that is uninhabited

by people or animals. Care must be given to ensure that exhaust gases do not re-enter an

occupied area.

The site must provide adequate acoustical noise and vibration isolation.

The outside site must provide access to the generator to allow for maintenance, service,

and repair. A three foot (.914 meter) service clearance around the unit is recommended.

Fuel supply and ease of refueling must be taken into consideration.

Adequate normal and emergency lighting must be provided in any installation.


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When mounting a generator outside on a roof or next to a building the generator must be

at least 3 feet from any combustible wall and 5 feet from any opening(i.e. doors,windows, vents, & ducts).

2-1. Ground/Floor Loading

The foundation for the generator must support the total weight of the generator. This includesfuel, oil, and the weight of any associated support systems.

Plan for 3 feet (1 Meters) of access around the generator for maintenance, service and repair.

When calculating the floor loading, ensure the fuel weight, cooling system fluids (whereapplicable), piping, pumps, power cables/runways and supporting structures are included in thecalculations. Most user's manuals do not include the weight of the fuel tanks since most are soldless tank.

SECTION 3 - Mounting

A concrete foundation with anchored mounting bolts, is recommended. Steel Beams are anacceptable alternative. Foundations help in the servicing and repair of Gen-Set's and protect the

unit from moisture that could occur from seepage. The concrete base that the generator ismounted to should be separate and independent from the surrounding structure.

The following applies to concrete bases:

A Single (See Figure 1)or Double (See Figure 2) pedestal base may be used. A height of

at least 6 inches higher than floor level is recommended.

Figure 1- Single Pedestal Concrete Mount


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Figure 2 - Double Pedestal Concrete Mount

A double pedestal base allows easier cleaning under most generator's.

Double pedestals provide better access for inspecting for oil or fuel tank leaks.

The generator should be retained to the pedestal base with fasteners that are

recommended by the generator set manufacturer.

The concrete base should extend beyond the generator's "Footprint" by at least 12 Inches

(305 mm) on all sides.

The higher the mounting base is made, the easier the unit will be to work on when

performing maintenance, service, or repairs. Typically bases are required to be raised atleast 6 inches (153 mm) above floor level. Placing the unit higher than 6 inches

sometimes has the advantage of making it easier to change the unit's oil. Passing fuel lines and electrical conduit for a "stub-up" through the concrete base is a

standard practice of gen-set installers.

Concrete foundations are typically mixed by volume. The typical ratio of cement, sand,

and aggregate is 1:2:3 with a maximum 4 inch (102 mm) slump and 28 day compressivestrength of 2500 psi (173 kPa).

A generator can typically be mounted to a combustible floor or roof, dependent upon

code, however, the surface beneath the engine and beyond the engine to a minimumdistance of 12 inches (305 mm) must be covered with a non combustible insulation and aminimum of 24 gage sheet metal between the insulation and the generator. See Figure 3.

Figure 3. Combustible Floor and Roof


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Optional vibration isolators beyond those already built in the generator also help reduce

transmitted noise, however, it is recommended that one verify that the generator

manufacturer recommends the use of an isolator. Insulation must be a non-combustible material, typically a Fiberglas mat.

SECTION 4 - Ventilation

4-1. Outdoor Installations - Air Cooled Units

Air cooled unit draws cooling air from different ends of the unit to cool the system,

dependent upon the units cooling system design. Check with the generator's manufacturerto determine the optimal cooling method for the system. Factors such as climate anddirection of prevailing winds must be considered in an outdoor installation.

If your generator is expected to be in temperatures lower than -20 oF(-29oC) consult the

generator sets factory, a cold weather package may be required.The following general rules apply:

Where strong prevailing winds are anticipated, face the engine end away from the wind.

Plan the installation carefully to prevent the cooling air vents on the generator from

becoming clogged by leaves, grass, snow, etc.

Figure 4. Typical Outside Small Generator Installation


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4.2 Indoor Installations - Air Cooled Units

When a generator is installed and operated in an indoor environment, adequate ventilation forheat dissipation and combustion is required. Ventilation is typically done through the use of anair inlet, air outlet/exhaust fan, and/or other ventilation openings.

The following rules apply:

When ever possible, face the generator air inlet openings away from the wind. The wind

can prevent the air intake louver from opening on start up.

The air inlet must be capable of moving enough air through the room to provide the

correct minimum CFM (cubic feet per minute) cooling for generator as specified by thegenerator's manufacturer. (This means the generator's air inlet opening size will be greaterthan the generator's room exhaust fan outlet.)

Locate air inlet, ventilation and air outlet openings in a structure so that already

exhausted air will not be drawn back into the building.

Louvers, screening, expanded metal and other materials used to cover air openings are a

restriction to air flow. This restriction must be compensated for by making the air openingsize proportionally larger.

When possible, position the engine end of air cooled generators in line with the air inlet

per the manufacturer's recommendation.


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When possible, position liquid cooled engines with the engine end in line with the

exhaust outlet per the manufacturer's recommendation. The reason or thisrecommendation is that the air moving through a liquid cooled system is typically pulledpast the engine and through the generator's radiator. The generator's radiator is placed sothat the air is ducted out of the generator's room.

4-3. Ventilation Exhaust Fans and Air Inlet LouversSome indoor installations may require the use of one or more exhaust fans, to provide adequateventilation during generator operation.

The following rules apply:

Exhaust fans must have the proper capacity for the specific application. In addition, the

fans must be located so that engine exhaust gases will not re-enter the building.

Power is required to operate the exhaust fan. Typically, AC is provided from an DC/AC

inverter or UPS to operate the exhaust fan and open air inlet louvers.

4-4. Ducting of Air

The engine cooling fan moves a large volume of air during operation. This heated air must beexpelled to the outside of any structure housing a generator.

The following rules apply to the ducting of heated engine air out of a building:

Whenever possible, use no ductwork at all. Simply position the inlet air duct so that air

will be drawn directly over the generator and expelled horizontally to the buildingexterior (outdoors).

If duct work must be used between the generator installation location and the building air

outlet opening, keep such ductwork as short as possible with a minimum number ofbends.

Construct air outlet duct work of self-supported sheet metal.

Never locate the air outlet opening of a structure close to adjacent buildings or walls as

noise is amplified when air is expelled in large volumes.


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Figure 5. Typical Indoor Ventilation Duct


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Figure 6. Typical Small Generator Indoor Installation


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Figure 7. Typical Indoor Larger Generator Installation

Roof mount radiators on liquid cooled units is sometimes done where the installation location ofthe unit can not dissipate the heat generated by the unit during operation. Roof mount radiatorsis beyond the scope of this publication.

4-5. Louvers, Screening And Expanded Metal

When louvers, screening or expanded metal are used to cover air openings in buildings housinggenerators, consideration must be given that these materials do not restrict the free flow of


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cooling air. Any restriction must be compensated for by making the actual opening sizeproportionately larger.

Louvers: Either fixed or movable louvers may be installed on the air openings in a structure thathouses a generator. The installer must make sure that the total square inches of free air inletopening is sufficient to limit the heat rise in the room to prevent the room temperature from

exceeding the generator 's operating temperature.Figure 8. Louver

Find the actual free air opening as follows:

Multiply the height of a single louvered opening by its width, to find the opening area of

one louvered opening.

Multiply the opening area of the single louvered opening by the total number of louvered

openings to find total free air inlet area.

Figure 9. Screening and Expanded Metal


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Screening and Expanded Metal: Screening and expanded metal may be used to cover air inletand outlet openings in a structure that houses the generator. These materials also offer arestriction to the free flow of cooling air, which must be compensated for by making the actualair opening in the structure proportionally larger. Screening and expanded metal are usuallyassigned a "free air inlet area" value by the manufacturer, which is given as a percentage.

To find the actual size of the air inlet opening needed, proceed as follows:

Find the area of the generator's inlet air duct, by multiplying the air duct height by its

width.

Divide the inlet air duct area by the percentage of free air inlet area for the particular

screening or expanded metal to be used. The result is the required size of the air inletopening in the building.

Example 1: If the required inlet air opening area on a particular generator is 400 square inchesand the building air opening is to be covered with screening having a 70% "free air inlet area":

Divide 400 square inches by 0.70, to obtain 576 square inches. Actual air inlet opening size inthe building should be equal to or greater than 576 square inches. (An opening that measures 24X 24 inches (576 square inches) would be adequate in this case to achieve the required 1125 Cu.ft/minute (31.86 Cubic Meters/Min.).

Example 2: The required inlet air opening area on a particular generator is 500 square inches andthe building air opening is to be covered with screening having a 70% "free air inlet area":

Divide 500 square inches by 0.70, to obtain 714 square inches. Actual air inlet opening size inthe building should be greater than 714 square inches. (An opening that measures 27 X 27 inches(729 square inches) would be adequate in this case to achieve the required 2000 Cu. ft/Minute(39 Cubic Meters/Min.).

SECTION 5 - Fuel

5-1. Gasoline


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For gasoline egine generators, Unleaded or Regular gasoline with a lower octane rating than85((RON/MON)/2) may cause pre-detonation (knocking) which can damage the engine. Regulargasoline can be used, however, unleaded gasoline is preferred because it reduces pollution andcombustion chamber deposits. See the generator's engine owner's manual for fuel information orcontact the generator set's manufacturer.

WARNING ENGINE FUEL can cause fire or explosion.

Do not operate the engine without the cranking battery connected.

Do not disconnect the cranking battery while the engine is running.

Stop engine by turning the Key Switch to OFF before checking oil or adding fuel.

If fuel is spilled, clean up immediately and dispose of contaminated materials properly.

Do not refuel if engine is hot or running.

Do not refuel near sparks or open flame.

Do not smoke while refueling.

Do not fill fuel tank to the top; allow room for expansion.

Fuel consumption varies from one engine to another. Different brands of fuel, operating

conditions, condition of engine, etc., also affect the fuel consumption.

CAUTION POOR QUALITY, LOW OCTANE FUEL can damage the engine.

IMPORTANT:

Use clean, fresh, unleaded gasoline with at least 85 octane rating.

Do not mix oil with the gasoline.

Do not use gasohal or gasoline alcohol fuel blends.

5-2. Gaseous Fuels

Typically on LP Gaseous or Natural Gas powered unit the unit will run on either vaporous fuelsource. Most gaseous fuel units are set up for a specific number of ounces of line pressure (a.k.a.as a corresponding number Inch Water Column) with some type of threaded pipe hook up. Note:

Use of gaseous fuels decrease the amount of total power the generator is capable of producing byas much as 20 percent, dependent upon thermal content of fuel in your specific area. Refer toSection 8 for Gaseous Fuel Systems.

5-3. Diesel Fuel Piping and Filtration

The basic requirements of a diesel engine fuel system are adequate piping, proper selection offilters for the application and completely air-tight joints, with a minimum number of fittings toprevent air from entering the fuel lines, especially in installations where the fuel tank is lower


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than the pump.

5-3. A. Piping to the Tank

Vacuum at the transfer pump inlet must be avoided. If an auxiliary pump is used, pressure at the

transfer pump must not be less than 0 p.s.i. nor greater than 5 p.s.i.(typical). Pressure after thereturn line connector assembly must not exceed 5 p.s.i. unless called for in the pump or systemspecification.

NOTE: The return line must never be piped back to the transfer pump inlet side. Both supply andreturn line should be connected to standpipes in the tank with the opening for each 2 inchesminimum from the bottom of the tank to allow space for water and sediments to settle and toeliminate siphoning problems.

5-3.B. Filter Requirements

1. A pleated paper type filter with large area and minimum pressure drop capable of filteringout 75 - 80% of five micron particles should be used. A Master Filter is recommendedsince it provides sufficient area for long life and two stage filtration for maximumprotection.

2. Where water in the fuel is known to be a problem, a Master Separator is recommended.Contact the generator manufacturer for a recommended filter.

5-3.C. Maximum Pressure Drop

Pressure drop across clean filters should not be more than 2.5 inches of mercury (1.2 p.s.i.) at fullload. Pressure drop in the supply system exceeding 10 inches of mercury (4.9 p.s.i.) because ofdirty filters or other restriction usually will affect pump and engine performance, (erraticoperation, low power, engine stall).

5-4. Fuel Consumption

Fuel consumption is typically specified in the generator's user manual and is specified in aquantity of fuel consumed per hour based on a specified load. Refer to the generator's usermanual for expected fuel consumption, which is based upon a specific load. While thegenerator's manufacturer may not be able to predict the consumption for your site because of thedifferences in the typical load, by site, an estimate a full load is typically given.

A simple fuel consumption model that is a "ball park" predictor of fuel consumption is asfollows:

Based on experience, a generator at no load typically uses about half of the fuel of a generator atfull load. The ratio of output power from a generator to the amount of fuel consumed is almostlinear. Consumption on diesel fueled generators is somewhat less than gasoline.

Fuel Consumption = (Estimated Load/Maximum Generator Power Output) X .5 X MaximumFuel Consumption + 50% of Maximum Fuel Consumption

Assuming Maximum fuel consumption = 1 Gallon/Hour

Minimum fuel consumption = .5 Gallon/Hour

At a 50% load, Fuel Consumption = (((50 Amps/100 Amps) X .5 Gallon) + .5 Gallon) = (((.5) X.5) + .5) = .75 Gal./Hr.


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Other factors that need to be taken into account are the temperatures of the areas where the fuelsare stored are as follows:

Diesel gels at lower temperatures. It is advisable to use the lowest temperature rated fuel

all year around. The reason for this is that the generator will typically run only atscheduled maintenance test times. If higher temperature rated fuel is used, by time the

lower temperature fuel is put into the tank, the fuel blend will be less than desired at thetime you need the lowest temperature rating.

Use of LP is a problem at lower temperatures. At 20oF the amount of fuel in an LP tank

that is available to vaporize decreases dramatically. Rule of thumb for LP is that theamount of fuel available is about 50 percent of the amount of fuel in the tank. In short, atcold temperatures, only 50 percent of the fuel in the tank is available for the generator.

At -36oF, LP does not vaporize. This means no fuel will be available for use.

SECTION 6 - Electrical System

There are a number of different generator systems and typical loads in the context of electrical

systems. Most systems, unless they contain automated swtich gear, have a means of disconnectbetween the generator and the load. This is typically a transfer switch or disconnect. Ensure thecontacts on the switch are rated for the size of your system. System schematics are beyond thecontext of this tutorial at this time.

6-1. General (Electrical System)

Generators are rated for a maximum current in Amps and power output in Kilowatts. Typicallypower outputs can vary between different models. The output is dependent upon fuel type,ambient temperature and altitude of the installation.

Of same model types using different fuels, Gasoline units will have the highest output followedby gaseous fuels (Natural Gas and Liquid Petroleum(Vapor withdrawal). LP is about 95% of that

of gasoline and natural gas at about 85% of gasoline. These units typically derate at about 3% per1,000 ft (334 meters) starting at about 3,000 feet (1,000 meters) and an additional 1% for every10 degrees over 78 degrees F. This is fairly common for all asperating engines.

Diesel units derate more for temperature and altitude. Diesels typically derate at about 4% per1,000 ft (334 meters) starting at sea level and an additional 1% for every 10 degrees over 78degrees F. At higher elevations, this power loss can be significant.

Circuits to carry power from the generator needs to be sized accordingly. Distance of thegenerator to the load (Typically a UPS) will also effect wire size. The conduit entryway for thegenerator is typically specified for a nominal size and may need to be increased in size if you arerequired to go to the maximum wire size. Flexible liquid tight metallic conduit should be used.

Direct Current (D.C.) Generators typically require a significantly larger cable size from the

generator to the load (typically UPS batteries) in order to compensate for voltage drop. Voltagedrop is a function of the resistance of the wire over the distance from the source to the load. Thetypical recommedation for D.C. generators is to keep the generator as close to the load aspossible. Refer to the generators manufacturer's recommendations. Refer to N.F.P.A. 70, alsoknown as the National Electric Code (NEC) for cable sizing tables.

When mounting electrical panels, a 3 foot clearance is required and the use of an emergency lightto illuminate the unit during operation is typically required. Power for the emergency lightshould be from both the primary utility and the generator. This is highly recommend so that in


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the event of a malfunction there is a light source to see to work on the unit. Refer to your localbuilding and electrical codes to ensure compliance.

Use of powered exhaust fans and powered louvers for ventilation is typical for indoorinstallations. Emergency power will be needed operate the auxillary devices. Make sure thegenerator is sized large enough to cover the load and the auxillary equipment.

6-2. Conductor Sizing Connection

This information is dependent upon your generator output and intended load. When connectingcables to the generator, unless instructed differently by the equipment manufacture, makeconnections at the generator first. Make the connections at the load last. Failure to do so mayconstitute a fire or safety hazard.

All ampacities are typically calculated at 75 o C (Celsius)(167 o F(Fahrenheit) in the conductorsize charts. Building wire conductors should be rated at 90oC(194oF) to allow for differentambient temperatures that these conductors may pass through.

All conductors are typically required by electrical code to be copper. The recommendedconductor sizes are based on maximum current. Ampacities are found in NEC Article 310, Table

310-16. Conductor resistances are found in NEC Table 8 "Conductor Properties".Direct Current (D.C.) generators require larger output power cables than comparable A.C.generators due to voltage drops in the cable caused by increased resistance.

Most A.C. Generators require the use of transfer switches. Refer to manufacturer's installationinstructions and recommendations.

Return to Table of Contents

Go to Section 7

Tips on Hooking up a Generator (genset) to a Uninterruptible Power System (UPS)

DexterHansen

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SECTION 7 - Exhaust System

7-1. General (Exhaust System)

Generator engines give off deadly carbon monoxide gas through their exhaust systems.

Carbon monoxide gas, if breathed in sufficient concentrations, can cause unconsciousness ordeath. Exhaust gases must be piped safely away from any room or enclosure that houses agenerator and to a well ventilated area where people will not be endangered.
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Besides the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning, exhaust piping becomes extremely hotduring operation and remains hot for a long time after shutdown. For that reason, the followingprecautions are necessary:

Avoid contact with hot engines, exhaust manifolds, exhaust piping and mufflers. Any of

these can cause severe burns.

Where piping must pass through combustible walls or ceilings, special precautions must

be taken to prevent fire or heat damage such as using heat thimbles through walls andceilings.

7-2. General Rules for Exhaust Systems

When installing an exhaust system for a generator, the following rules should be considered:

Exhaust piping should be of wrought iron or steel having adequate strength and

durability.

Exhaust fittings may be of cast iron. A 9 inch spacing (10 inches (250mm) recommended)

from the exhaust pipe and walls is also required by most local codes.

Low points in horizontal runs of piping should be provided with condensation traps, as

well as condensation drains.

Piping and mufflers must be properly supported and connected.

A flexible length of exhaust pipe is required between the engine exhaust manifold and

rigid exhaust piping.

Exhaust piping must be terminated safely outside a structure that houses a generator, in

such a way that hot gases and sparks will be discharged harmlessly and will not blowagainst any combustible surface or material.

Exhaust piping must not terminate under loading platforms, structures, or near any

opening in a building.

Where necessary, exhaust piping must be guarded and/or insulated to prevent burns.

Provide a clearance of at least 9 inches (229mm)(10 inches (250mm) recommended)

between exhaust piping and any combustible material.

Keep exhaust piping well clear of fuel tanks, fuel lines, etc.

7-3. Routing Exhaust Piping Through Combustible Walls

Exhaust piping that passes through any combustible wall or partition must be guarded at

the point of passage by:

A ventilated metal thimble that is at least 12 inches in diameter larger than the piping, or

Metal or burned fire clay thimbles built in brickwork that provides not less than 8 inches

of insulation between the clay thimble and any combustible material.

Thermal insulation or protective guards are typically required for exhaust pipes/system

by national and local codes to protect users from burns.

Figure 10. Wall Thimble


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7-4. Routing Exhaust Piping Through Combustible Roofs

Exhaust piping that passes through any combustible roof must be separated from the roof by aventilated metal thimble that is at least 6 inches in diameter larger than the piping. The thimblemust extend at least 9 inches (229mm)(10 inches (250mm) recommended) above and below roofconstruction.


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Figure 11. Roof Thimble

7-5. Rain Cap

A rain cap is recommended on the end of the exhaust pipe. The rain cap is attached to the end ofthe pipe and opens due to the pressure from the exhaust discharge force. The rain cap protects the

exhaust system from the environment when the system is not running.

7-6. Spark Arrestor

Use of a spark arrestor is required by the U.S. Department of Forestry if located on lands undertheir jurisdiction. The spark arrestor is recommended in areas where combustible materials mayignite such as dry grass, leaves, or other combustible materials.

7-7. Exhaust Back Pressure

The exhaust back pressure of the generator when measured at full load must not exceed themanufacturer's recommendations. The size of exhaust pipe, number and type of ends and fittingstogether with the selection and location of muffler determine exhaust back pressure.

A typical 90 degree bend in an exhaust system is equal to adding 8 feet (2.67 meters) of pipe.

SECTION 8 - Gaseous Fuel Systems

8-1. General (Gaseous Fuel Systems)

Some generators are equipped with fuel systems that utilize Liquefied Petroleum (LP) or NaturalGas as a fuel.

Local fuel gas codes may vary widely. For that reason, it is recommended that a local gasdistributor or installer be consulted when installing a gaseous fuel supply system. In the absence


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of local fuel gas codes and regulation, booklets published by the National Fire ProtectionAssociation (NFPA) may be used as sources of information.

The installer must ensure that the correct fuel delivery system is installed, and that applicablestandards and codes are strictly complied with.

8-2. Advantages of Gaseous Fuels

Use of Natural and LP gas as a fuel may result in a slight power loss. However, that disadvantageis usually compensated for by the many advantages of gaseous fuels. Some of the advantages ofgaseous fuels are:

Low residue content, resulting in minimum carbon formation.

Reduced sludge build-up in engine oil.

Reduced valve burning, as compared to gasoline.

No "wash down" of engine cylinder walls during start up.

No tetra-ethyl lead to foul spark plugs and other engine parts.

Excellent anti-knock qualities.

Reduced amounts of contaminated residues.

A nearly homogeneous mixture in engine cylinders.

Fuel can be stored for long periods without breakdown.

8-3. Gaseous Fuel System Variations

Any one of four different types of gaseous fuel systems may typically be installed by the factoryon your generator system, dependent upon the model. These are:

Liquefied Petroleum (LP) gas vapor withdrawal.

Liquefied Petroleum (LP) gas liquid withdrawal.

Natural Gas.

Dual Natural and LP gas (Additional regulator and hardware are not standard on most

generators Contact the generator's manufacturer if you need this option).

Combination Gas-Gasoline systems (Additional regulator and hardware are not standard

on the generator systems. (Contact the manufacturer if you need this option).

8-4. Properties of Gaseous Fuels

Natural Gas: Is lighter than air and tends to settle in high places. Natural gas is found in thegaseous state only at normal ambient conditions. Natural gas is highly explosive and

accumulations of the gas can be ignited at the slightest spark. For that reason, adequateventilation is absolutely essential and fuel lines must be free of leaks. Local fuel/gas codesusually dictate the maximum pressure at which natural gas can enter a structure. A primaryregulator is required, to reduce the pressure of the delivered gas to the reduced pressure requiredby code.

LP Gas: Is heavier than air, tends to settle in low places. The gas is highly explosive and theslightest spark can cause an explosion. LP gas is usually supplied in pressure tanks as a liquid,but is found in gaseous form at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure. It may consist of


22/42

(1) butane, or (2) propane, or (3) a mixture of these two gases. Fuel suppliers may fill the supplytank with a mixture made up primarily of butane in warm weather. Butane may not providesufficient vapor pressure in colder weather and more propane may have to be added to themixture. The ratio of butane to propane is especially important when a large outdoor supply tankis used. LP gas must be converted to its vapor state before it enters the engine carburetor.

8-5. Natural Gas Fuel SystemThe maximum pressure at which natural gas can enter the building is established by code andmay vary from area to area. The gas distribution company will usually provide piping from themain distribution line to the standby generator site. A primary regulator is needed to reduce gassupply pressures to the required safe level before the gas enters a building. Such a regulator mayor may not be provided by the gas supplier. It is the responsibility of the gas supplier to ensurethat sufficient gas pressure is available to operate the primary regulator.

Gas outlet pressure from the primary regulator to the standby generator's shutoff valve shouldtypically not exceed approximately 0.50 pounds per square inch (psi), or 14 inches of watercolumn. Optimum supply pressure to most small generator's shutoff valve is 11 inches of watercolumn. Depending on the characteristics of the specific shutoff valve in use, the valve may or

may not open at supply pressures greater than 0.50 psi (14 inches water column).

Install a flexible length of fuel line between rigid piping and the Generator engine's naturalgas connection point.

Natural gas is delivered to the primary regulator. From the primary regulator, in mostinstallations, the gas flows through a solenoid operated fuel shutoff valve, a pressure reducingvalve and the engine's natural gas carburetor. The shutoff valve is electrically energized openduring startup and running, is de-energized closed on shutdown. The carburetor measures engineair flow and meters gas to the engine based on throttle setting and load. The carburetor alsoprovides a positive gas shutoff.

8-6. LP Gas Vapor Withdrawal System

This type of system utilizes the vapors formed above the liquid fuel in the supply tank.Approximately 10-20 percent of the tank capacity is needed for fuel expansion from the liquid tothe vapor state.

Ambient temperatures around the supply tank must be high enough to sustain adequatevaporization or the system will not function properly. In addition to the cooling effects ofambient air, the vaporization process itself provides an additional cooling effect. Vaporwithdrawal systems are generally more suited for smaller engines that need less fuel.

When ambient temperatures are low and fuel consumption is high, the vapor withdrawal systemmay not function efficiently. This is particularly true with larger engine machines.

Many LP gas and Natural Gas vaporous fuel systems are identical as a demand regulator is used

to provide fuel to the engine.

8-7. LP Liquid Withdrawal System

This type of system delivers gas in liquid form to a generator. The liquid fuel must then bevaporized before it is delivered to the engine carburetor.

Liquid withdrawal (LP) gas systems usually employ a "vaporizer-regulator" to convert the liquidto its vapor state. A "vaporizer-regulator" is mounted in the air flow of the engine to provide heatto the regulator for fuel vaporization.


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LP liquid withdrawal is typically used for equipment used in remote locations where size andavailability of refilling the tank is limited. Liquid withdrawal is also used for trailered andconstruction site equipment.

8-8. Dual Natural/LP Gas Fuel System

In some areas, the cost of Natural gas may be reduced considerably by procuring the gas on

"interrupted service" rates. Such "interrupted service" can be obtained by using LP gas as anemergency fuel whenever Natural gas is not available.. Automatic changeover is accomplishedby using two regulators - a line pressure regulator for natural gas and a vacuum operatedregulator for LP gas. The differences in pressures compensates for the greater BTU value of LPgas.

During operation on Natural gas, a 5 inch (water column) (typical) pressure exists in the commonline to the carburetor. This pressure closes the LP gas regulator. Loss of Natural gas pressurecauses loss of pressure in the line; the LP gas regulator then opens to admit LP gas into thesystem. A separate power mixture adjustment in the LP gas line provides precise setting ofair/fuel ratios for each of the two fuels. Changeover is automatic with the engine operating.

8-9. Gaseous Fuel System PipingThe following general rules apply to piping used in gaseous fuel systems:

Piping should be of black iron.

Piping should be rigidly mounted and protected against vibration.

Install an approved length of flexible hose between the generator fuel lineconnection point and rigid piping.

Piping must be of the correct size to maintain required supply pressure under varying

conditions, especially when fuel in gaseous form is being supplied (Natural gas and LPgas vapor withdrawal).

Installed piping must be properly purged and leak tested, in accordance with applicable

standards.

NOTE: In the absence of local purging and leak test standards, NFPA No. 54 may be used as aguide.

8-10. Gaseous Fuel Pipe Sizes

A "Gas Flow Pipe Sizing Chart" (Table 8-1) is provided below. Use the chart to determine thecorrect piping diameter in gaseous fuel systems (such as Natural gas and LP gas vaporwithdrawal type).

To find the proper pipe diameter, the installer must know (a) the length of the gas piping run, and(b) the cubic feet of gas needed by the generator when under full load.

First, find the length of the piping run on the chart.

From the pipe length figure on the chart, move horizontally across the chart until you reach anumber that is just higher than the cubic feet of gas needed under full load. From the cubic feetof gas figure, move straight up vertically in the chart to the pipe diameter given in that verticalcolumn. This is the pipe size required.


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LP Gaseous Fuel Example: A small 16 horse power generator when operating at full loadrequires a supply of 51 cubic feet per hour of LP gas. Length of the piping run from the supplytank is 60 feet. Propane gas having a specific gravity of 1.5 and with a multiplier of 0.633 is used(Table 8-2). From the pipe length in the chart, trace horizontally across to "86" (the first numberlarger than 51 cubic feet). Moving vertically upward in the chart, a 3/4 inch pipe is needed.Applying the chart conversion factor (86 x 0.633=54.44) and the 3/4 inch pipe is still adequate.

Natural Gas Example: A small 16 horse power generator operating at full load requires 115cubic feet per hour of Natural gas. Length of the piping run from the supply tank is 75 feet.Natural gas having a specific gravity of 0.65 and with a multiplier of 0.962 (Table 8-2) is to beused. From the pipe length in the chart, trace horizontally across to "155" (the first number largerthan 115 cubic feet). Moving vertically upward in the chart, a 1 inch pipe is required. Apply theconversion factor (155 x 0.962=149.1) and the 1 inch pipe is still adequate.

Table 8-1. Gas Flow Pipe Sizing Chart

Lengthof

pipe(FT/M)

1/2 In.(12.7m

m)

3/4 In.(19.05mm)

1 In.(25.4m

m)

1-1/4In.

(31.75mm)

1-1/2In.

(38.1mm)

2 In.(50.8m

m)

2-1/2In.

(68.5mm)

3 In.(76.2m

m)

4 In.(101.6mm)

6 In.(152.4mm)

8 In.(203.

2)

15/4.57 76 172 345 750 1220 2480 3850 6500 13880 287007900

0

30/9.14 52 120 241 535 850 1780 2750 4700 9700 273705585

0

45/13.72

43 99 199 435 700 1475 2300 3900 7900 233504560

0

60/18.2

938 86 173 380 610 1290 2000 3450 6800 19330

3950

0

75/22.86

70 155 345 545 1120 1750 3000 6000 173103530

0

90/27.43

77 141 310 490 1000 1560 2700 5500 158003225

0

105/32.00

65 131 280 450 920 1430 2450 5100 146202985

0

120/36.58

120 270 420 860 1340 2300 4800 136802798

0

150/45.72

109 242 380 780 1220 2090 4350 122402500

0

180/54.86

100 225 350 720 1120 1950 4000 111602280

0

210/64.01

92 205 320 660 1030 1780 3700 103302110

0


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240/73.15

190 300 620 970 1680 3490 96001974

0

270/82.30

178 285 580 910 1580 3250 90001861

0

300/91.44

170 270 545 860 1490 3000 8500 17660

450/137.16

140 226 450 710 1230 2500 70001442

0

600/182.88

119 192 390 900 1030 2130 60001248

0

Table 8-2. Chart Conversion Factors

SpecificGravity

MultiplierSpecificGravity

MultiplierSpecificGravity

Multiplier

0.50 1.100 0.700 0.926 1.200 0.707

0.55 1.040 0.800 0.867 1.400 0.655

0.60 1.000 0.900 0.817 1.500 0.633

0.65 0.962 1.000 0.775 1.700 0.594

Note 1: Use of elbows increases pressure drop on fuel lines. A 90 degree elbow adds 3 to 8 feetof equivalent length to your pipe estimate.

Note 2: Typical Specific Gravity for Natural Gas is 0.65.

Note 3: Typical Specific Gravity for LP is 1.5.

Back to Table of Contents

Go to APPENDIX A - Applicable Codes

Tips on Hooking up a Generator (genset) to a Uninterruptible Power System (UPS)

Introduction

There are many people in the generator and UPS industries that have tried to operate engine

driven alternating current (A.C.) generator sets (gen-sets) and uninterruptible power systems(UPS) together. Although some systems are successful, there are problems that can occur. Thisarticle should provide insight into the problems of using a gen-set to power a UPS as well asprovide enough information to possibly save the reader from a problem installation.

Achieving and maintaining adequate control of frequency and line noise is a common issue ingenerator design and use. Unless the gen-set is sized 2 to 3 times the size of the UPS, and theUPS is about 75 percent loaded, the UPS may never switch from the inverter (battery power) togenerator power. Another factor is that there is a great deal of line noise from small generators
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compared to utility line power. This can also cause the UPS to stay on inverter until the batteriesgo dead. To address these problems, Best Power Technology, Inc., a fairly well known U.S. UPSsupplier, started a DC generator product line. They have since dropped that product line due to atake over by a UPS competitor who did not want to be in the generator business.

When preparing to connect a gen-set to a UPS, first check with the UPS manufacturer for

recommendations on using their UPS with a generator. Sizing and compatibility issues should beaddressed before even considering hooking a gen-set to the UPS. Loading and the ability of thegenerator to regulate the load, possibly the hardest issues to deal with, should be considered.

In addition, the type of power plant and alternator used in the gen-set can effect whether theequipment will work together or not. For instance, Diesels/turbine engines work better thangasoline/liquid propane (LP) and Natural gas (NG) engines. It has been noted on gen-sets thatsingle-phase alternators work better than three phase alternators. Turbo-charged engines workbetter than normally aspirated engines, as well as being better at higher altitudes. Fuel injectedengines work better than engines with carburetors (Aspirated engines use carburetors). SeeFigure 1 below for a block diagram of a typical gen-set/UPS installation.


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Figure 1. A Typical Generator - UPS Installation

[Back to Index]

Sizing Considerations

Tables 1 and 2 provide generator sizing and loading recommendations for various sizes of UPSs.

These recommendations are based on UPSs and gen-sets from several manufacturers, and aremore rules of thumb based on experience with connecting gen-set and UPSs together thanabsolute rules. The two tables differ in the fuel type of the gen-sets engines.

The reason that a background load is shown in the tables is two fold. First, the additional loadhelps the generator regulate better. Second, in an emergency situation, it is always a wise moveto put in emergency lighting, and is an electrical code requirement. Caution is advised whenoperating fluorescent lights from the UPS for emergency lighting. Preferably, power thefluorescent lights from the generator and have some incandescent emergency lights running fromthe UPS. Fluorescent lights will sometimes flicker, especially if the UPS is one that is a doubleconversion unit that uses a Ferro-resonant transformer. As improvements in UPS and generatortechnologies take place, these recommendations may become less relevant.

Gasoline/LP/NG Fuel

UPS

Gasoline/LP/NGSingle Phase

Generator

BackgroundLoad

Gasoline/LP/NGThree Phase

Generator

BackgroundLoad

KVA KW KVA KW KW KVA KW

0.5 to 3.5 10 12 2 10 12 2

4 10 12 2 10 15 2

5 13 16 2 15 19 2

7 16 20 3 19 24 2

10 24 30 4 29 36 4

12 30 38 5 36 45 6

18 46 57 7 55 68 8

Table 1. Gasoline/LP/NG Fuel Gen-sets

Diesel Fuel

UPS

Diesel

Single PhaseGenerator

Background

Load

Diesel

Three PhaseGenerator

Background

Load

KVA KW KVA KW KW KVA KW

0.5 to 2 5 7 1.5 5 7 1.5

2.5 to 3.5 5 7 1.5 6 8 1.5

4 6 8 1.5 8 10 1.5


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5 8 10 2 10 13 2

7 10 12 2 13 16 2

10 14 18 2.5 19 24 3

12 18 23 3 24 30 418 28 34 4 37 46 6

Table 2. Diesel Fuel Gen-sets

From Tables 1 and 2, note that the size of the gen-set is significantly larger than the UPS. Thereare a number of reasons. Besides the obvious losses due to line loss, there are inefficienciesinvolved every time another piece of equipment is brought into the equation. One of the biggestfactors is that the generator needs to be sized to handle the start up of the largest load, not just thecontinuous load. Based on calculations and manufacturers specifications, the gen-setrecommendations look like they are larger than needed. However, if the generators engine can'tget up to speed and running, for any reason, the system will fail.

[Back to Index]

Start Up Load / In Rush Current

When a gen-set is being used to put power directly into the battery bank of the UPS, as shown inFigure 3, the load can exceed the gen-sets ability to supply power. The UPS, in holding the load,starts to deplete battery power immediately, at the start of the outage. By the time the gen-set isup and running, and prepared to go on-line, the battery bank has lost a considerable amount ofpower. At the instant power is provided to the battery charger, the charger is trying to power abattery bank that acts like a very large capacitor and the in rush of current into the batteries takesall the power available from the battery charger. This has been known to stop the engine on somegen-sets. This has also been known to start a "stop-restart cycle" where the gen-set never getsrunning to power the load and the UPS batteries finally run down and the UPS shuts down.

A work-around for the current in-rush problem is to limit the amount of current the batteries candraw from the charger. Putting a Current Shunt in-line with one of the battery leads can do this.Another option is, if the gen-set has the capability of auto-start from sensing the UPS batterybank float voltage, set the float voltage on the battery bank at a higher voltage to get the gen-setto start sooner also may help.

[Back to Index]

Other Generator Tips

Other gen-set related caveats that allow the gen-set to work with the UPS are as follows:1. If installing a three-phase generator, install the UPS across the generator phase that ismonitored by the generator's voltage regulator.

2. Adjust the governor of the generator so that the line frequency doesn't deviate by more thanplus or minus 3 hertz.

3. Install additional ballast loads such as emergency lighting that are equal to 15% of the KWrating of the gen-set. The ballast loads share the generator with the UPS and stabilize the


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generator so that the frequency is less erratic. The loads should be stable and continuous such aslighting or electric heaters. In other words, do not use air conditioners or air compressors for abackground load. See Figure 2 below.

Figure 2. Adding Background Load as a Ballast to Improve Regulation

[Back to Index]

UPS Tips

In hooking a UPS to a gen-set, the following should be reviewed and considered:

1. When connecting a generator to the UPS, make sure that there is a disconnect switch betweenthe UPS and generator. A disconnect switch is usually required by code as well as a serviceabilityand safety factor. In most cases, a means of disconnect is required. If soft wired, you may be able

to get away with a plug and socket (i.e. Anderson Connectors); however, check with theauthority having jurisdiction.

2. Ensure that the UPS has enough power to operate any ventilation fans or other requiredperipheral emergency equipment connected to the UPS during an outage. It is common for thegen-set ventilation fans and/or powered intake louvers to be powered from the UPS.

3. When using an existing generator with a UPS, the UPS may not run on the generator's powerbecause the UPS's software is telling the UPS that it has poor input power. Gen-set powercompared to most commercial utility power, is very erratic. Before giving up, look into buying abattery charger and hook the battery charger directly into the UPS's battery bank. See item #4below.

4. When hooking power from a battery charger directly into the UPS battery bank, make sure tocheck with the UPS manufacturer to find out if the UPS's inverter is rated for continuous duty.There is nothing worse than burning up the UPS inverter because it was only designed to run aslong as the manufacturers factory installed internal batteries would carry it. Always verify withthe UPS manufacturer that their units have been rated for continuous duty. At this time, I knowthat the UPPIand Best Power Ferrups units have been rated for continuous duty, however, it isalways a good idea to confirm that your particular unit is rated for it. Due diligence has saved a
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number of people a lot of time, money and warranty head aches from their power equipmentsuppliers. See Figure 2 below.

Figure 3. Using a Battery Charger to Avoid Generator Regulation Issues.

5. If using a battery charger that is powered from a generator, ensure that the battery chargerprovides the correct voltage for the UPS battery bank, and is large enough to handle the load.This means that the battery charger has to produce enough power out to handle the UPS inputrequirements as well as to compensate for any other inefficiency.

[Back to Index]

Other Alternatives

If a UPS and gen-set still do not operate correctly, there may still be a way to salvage the project,depending upon whether the generator has sufficient power to hold the load and whether theproblem is a regulation issue. The first alternative is to simply add additional (background) loadto the gen-set. This will help to tighten regulation, though this is not always effective.


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The second alternative is more expensive. This alternative requires some retrofitting expertise toreplace the governor on the generator with a better grade governor or an electronic controllersuch as a Barber-ColmanTM. The generator supplier may have an alternative governor available,though most small gen-sets typically do not. Some mechanical engineering work may also berequired to fit an electronic controller onto the gen-set if the supplier doesn't have an off-the-shelf solution.

[Back to Index]

UPS's for Sale

For those looking for a UPS or Power Conditioner:

Clickhere to use the UPS/Power Conditioner Quote Request / Sizing - Applications AssistanceContact Form to obtain help sizing a Uninterruptible Power Products orBest PowerUPS for yourneeds from Uninterruptible Power Products, Inc..

GENERATOR OPTIONS, CONTROL PANELS, REMOTE MONITORING, AND

ATTACHMENTS

Cat Electric Power provides a full line of options and attachments to customize your Caterpillar Generator Set to fit yourexact needs.

For a complete list and specifications, pleasecontact your Cat Dealer.

Generator Options Include:

Anti-Condensation Heater

Excitation System

Permanent Magnet Generator

Voltage Regulator

Generator Control Systems & Monitoring Options Include:

Auto-start Control Panel

Auxiliary Controls

Digital Control Panel

Electronic Governor

Key start Control Panel

Load Sharing

Remote Annunciator

Remote Monitoring Software

Shunt Trip

Single / Dual Circuit Breakers

Speed Control

Generator Accessories Include:

Battery Heater

Coolant Heater
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Engine Exhaust System

Exhaust Silencer / Muffler

External Fuel Tank

High Output Battery

Integrated Fuel Tank Base

Lube Oil Drain Pump

Lube Oil Sump Heater

Seismic Vibration Isolator

Sound Attenuated Enclosure

Static Battery Charger

Sub-base Fuel Tank

Weatherproof Enclosure

DIESEL GENERATOR SET FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS

Cat Diesel Generator Set Features:

Ratings from 12kW to 17,460kW

Emissions compliance with most worldwide regulations

Simple to specify and purchase

Easy to install and operate

Wide range of factory-designed options

Low life-cycle costs

Excellent transient response and steady state performance

World-class fuel efficiency Single source for complete power solutions

Turnkey support from the Cat Dealer network

Generator Options Include:

Anti-Condensation Heater

Excitation System

Permanent Magnet Generator

Voltage Regulator

SWITCHGEAR OPTIONSThe benefit of Caterpillar's vast experience in power generation is fully realized in its generator switchgear offering. Availablefrom 600V through 15 kV, Cat switchgear provides a harmonized system solution by being able to integrate all elements ofmonitoring and control of a Caterpillar generator set in a single-source package.

For integration of Caterpillar generator sets into a customer's facility, Caterpillar offers switchgear suitable for applicationsranging from single standby/load management to multi-unit utility paralleling installations. In any of these cases, Caterpillarswitchgear can offer remote communication capabilities for monitoring and control of your total system.

Caterpillar switchgear employs a feature rich microprocessor based control system that is combined with an easy to usetouchscreen operator interface panel. The entire system can be controlled from the switchgear-mounted touchscreen, or itcan be controlled/monitored from a remote site through a personal computer.


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Caterpillar offers three standard switchgear products that can support a wide variety of applications or can provide a customdesigned system to meet your specific site's needs as required. Our XLM series products supports transfer between theutility source and generator bus, as well as affording capability for parallel operation with the utility for load managementapplications. The EGP series supports paralleling on an isolated generator bus and is commonly used in prime power oremergency standby systems. Finally, our LM series supports single unit paralleling with utility for load management andpeak shaving applications.

AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES (ATS)

50/60 Hz 600 V Class, 40-4000 Amps

Caterpillar offers a broad range of automatic transfer switch products that are positioned to support virtually any type ofemergency power application from simple, single ATS installations to highly complex, multi-ATS/generator switchgearsystems. Today every standby generator set that is sold requires at least one ATS, and some cases require multiple units.Available in sizes ranging from 40 through 4000A, there is a Cat switch to suit every project's needs.

Consider:

CTX series for residential and light commercial applications.

CTG series for overall general applications with limited attachments

CTS series for applications a wide range of attachments and configurations.

CTG Series & CTS Series meet the requirements of NFPA 110, 99, and 70.

Automatic Transfer Switch Features Include:

Mechanically held contactor

Available in 2, 3, and 4 pole versions

Rating range from 40 to 4000 Amps

UL, IEC, and CSA listed

NEMA 1, 3R, 4, 4X, and 12 enclosures

Products & Applications Power Generation UPSEnglish

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General

Construction

Government

al

Heavy

Construction

Industrial /

OEM

Marine

Mining

Oil & Gas

On-Highway

Transportati

on

Pipeline

Paving

Power

Generation

Generator

Sets

Integrated

Systems

Automatic

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Switchgear

UPS

Spec

Sheets

Systems

Data Sheets

Brochures

White

Papers

Rental

Power

Literature

Customer

Testimonials

News

Services

Application

s

Power

Plants

Quarry,

Aggregates

and Cement

Railway

Power

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.

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER

SYSTEMS (UPS)

Caterpillar knows the importance of quality power to your operation. Whethersupporting critical processes or defending servers from harmful power problems,

Caterpillar's uninterruptible power supply systems will provide years of low maintenanceprotection. Yielding the lowest operating costs in the industry, Caterpillar's UPS systemwill provide the peace of mind that comes from knowing that Caterpillar is standingbeside you in your efforts to grow your business.

Currently offering uninterruptible power supply systems from 150kVA to multi-megawattsolutions, Caterpillar integrates a battery free UPS with its market leading generatorsets, switchgear and automatic transfer switches to deliver a world class integratedsystem.

Caterpillar's world wide dealer network makes service and support locally available andtimely.Click here to find a Caterpillar Dealer near you or use the left navigation to learn
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more about the Cat UPS, the uninterruptible power supply with the highest powerdensity in the world.

Performance report

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Vehicles

Customer Center

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Leyparts

Defiance Technologies

ENGINES DEFENCE & SPECIAL

VEHICLES TRUCKS BUSES

62.5

KVA

Print this page

Number of Cylinders 4 in line

BHP CONT (PS) 75.5

Bore x Stroke (mm) 104x113

Displacement (Ltr) 3.839
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Comp. Ration 17.5:1

Oil Sump Cap. (Ltr) 7.5

Aspiration T.C

Cooling System Water Cooled with Radiator

Electricals 12 Volts DC

Alternator STAMFORD / ELGI/ CROMPTON

Voltage Reg. +or-5% with Slip rings / + or 1% with AVR

Voltage 415 V

Frequency 50 Hz

Power Factor 0.8

Conforming To BS 5514


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Sitemap Ashok Leyland

Change over switch allows switching between mains supply and standby generators for emergency servicesand remote locations

Question : I have bought a generator, and would like to connect it to my house in case ofmains failure. What do I need to do?

Answer : When using a generator as an alternative supply to the mains, there are

several precautions that must be observed.

It is vital that the generator is completely isolated from the mains supply. This

ensures that the generator is not attempting to power up the whole neighborhood,

but also ensures that it does not electrocute a utility worker trying to restore themains supply.

To achieve this, a double-pole, break-before-make, changeover switch must be

installed by a qualified electrician. The Briggs & Stratton manual transfer switch is

ideal for this application.

This should be fitted between the electricity meter and the building consumer unit.

The switch connects the building to either the mains supply or to a lead which can be

plugged into the generator.

Most buildings now have an RCD built into the consumer unit. Th

Documents

Installation Guide of EG