Inspection and Maintenance of Drillpipe E-Book

8/18/2019 Inspection and Maintenance of Drillpipe E-Book

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Inspection &

Maintenanceo Drill PipeA general guideline to

maintaining drill strings

www.odfellwellservices.com

http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/


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2Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe

Contents3. Introduction

4. Description o a common inspection

6. Measurements

7. Magnetic particle inspection

8. Ultrasonic testing

9. Electromagnetic inspection (EMI)11. What to look or when inspecting

14. Drill pipe repair

21. Repair companies

22. Documentation & traceability

24. Presentation & storage

25. Why use thread compounds?

26. Pipe storage

27. Preservation

28. Recommendations

29. Thread compounds

31. Inspection standards33. Inspection companies

34. A general view on the necessary certifications

or a thread inspector

37. Approval certification

38. Documentation / Reporting


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IntroductionThis gives an introduction to the processes involved in inspecting and repairing o

used drill pipe. We will list the most common inspection specifications, describe the

differences between the standards and describe the process o being certified to the

various standards. We will also describe the various repair scenarios on drill pipe and

the certification process involved or companies that perorm repairs.


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Description o a common inspectionWhen the drill pipe is received or inspection, all joints should be properly cleaned both

internally and externally.


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The following steps are mandatory:

VTI is a non-destructive inspection method that is based on the inspector using his eyes and hands.

Any reduced eyesight might cause the inspector to miss vital flaws.

Visual thread inspection (VTI)

Example o check with a profile gauge Example o use o finger tips on a VTI inspection

Tools required

• Flashlight

• Profile gauges

• Magniying mirror


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On a VTI it is normal to make all vital measurements on the connections.

The results need to match the standards given in the inspection specification.

Measurements

Example o OD gauge o tube Example o a check with a slide caliper

Tools required

• Various calipers (slide caliper etc.)

• Thread gauges


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Magnetic particle method is a non-destructive testing method revealing

material deects in the surace, and just below the surace, in erromagnetic

(magnetic) materials.

A magnetic field is applied to an object. The magnetic field will penetrate the

surace o the object. Any errors in the surace will alter the power o the

magnetic field lines.

These power lines outside and around the damage orms(delete s) a leakage

field. This leakage field can be detected by adding iron particles (in powder

orm) on the surace. These particles clump together in and around the

leakage field.

Magnetic particle inspection (MPI)

Example o connection checked with UV light

Example o applying fluorescent magnet powder

Tools required

• Coil

• AC Yoke

• Direct current flow

An object can be magnetized with

several methods:

Magnet fieldLeakage field

Depth errors

Magnet fieldShallow imperection


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Ultrasonic testing is a nondestructive testing method that uses radio requencies to determine a

materials entirety. Impulse-echo method is the most used method in industry. An array o transducer one

sound waves are sent into the material, penetrating it at a constant speed (the speed o sound o the

material). The sound waves are reflected rom the back wall o the object back to the probes.

Any imperections in the material will appear as peaks between the initial and the reflecting echo.

Ultrasonic testing

Ultrasonic screen Ultrasonic measurement determining wall thickness.

Reflector

Object/Workpiece

0 2 4 6 8 10

Transmission pulse/Start echo

Back wall echo

Deect


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Primarily the eddy-current and flux-leakage methods are used to detect imperections.

NOTE: Electromagnetic “Inspection Systems” made for use in the field sometimes include equipment

for performing additional inspections or services.

Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection o New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global

Electromagnetic inspection (EMI)

Examples o EMI unit

Examples o EMI unit

Example o EMI probes Example o EMI control screen


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Every inspection is to be finalized with a

documentation of the service/inspection; the

inspection report.

Any damage that cannot be repaired in the field,

has to go to a workshop.

Example o an inspection report

ID Date

P.O. No

Work Order

Customer Ref.

Location

Drillpipe Summary Report

EQUIPMENT

SURFACE CONDITION

Fluorescent

Black/White

EMI Scope No. End Area Tool No. Yoke No.

Thick. Gauge No. UV Light No. Coil No.

Internal Qty External Qty ID Condition

MATERIAL

INSPECTION RESULTS

Comments

Class2

Scrap

RECUT

Pin

Box

SHOP

REFACE

Pin

Box

Premium

HARDBANDING SER. NO.

RESTAMP

x 1

x 2

TUBE TOOL

JOINT

Joints Total

PLASTIC

COATING

Ok

Damaged

No Coat.

BENT

Pin

Box

Joints

FIELD

REFACE

Customer

CERT. NO.

NAME :

NDT Level II Inspector

CLASS

Number of Joints Inspected

Number of Hardbanding Repair

Number of Joints Require Shop Repair

Number of Class2 & Scrap

Number of Joints Ready For Use

Number of Premium After Repair

(Not Included In Recut Joints)

Re-Cut with HB Damage)(

Rig

Tube OD Threads Range Grade Tube

Weight Nom Wall Nom TJ OD Nom TJ IDLbs/Ft

Lot No.

Min TJ OD

OK

XT300 Rep.

OTW12 Rep.

Field Repair

Grinding Tongmarks

and Slipcuts

Protectors Supplied By

Euroincon

Hours

Hours

Qty.

SPECIFICATIONS DS 1 Cat. 4Spec. NS-2

Receipt Insp. Spec.Spec.VTI Only

Cat. 5

CLEANING 1400 bar 1400 bar

2000 bar 2000 bar

Special Special

Hard Pollution Hard Pollution

*TBA-To beapplied

PIN BOX

HDLS

il

i

- il

i lil

i i

i i i

i

i i

i i

l

i .

i l

ll i

i i li l

Wehereby confirmthattheabove materialhasbeeninspectedinaccordancewithspecifiedinsp. proc., P.O. andEuroinconW.O.

Plastic Coated:

Hardbanding: Pin

Yes No

BoxPresent TBA*

Dope Applied

Well No.

l. .

ll i


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Here are some examples o damage typical to connections.

This is everyday damage that cannot be repaired on site.

What to look or when inspecting

Galled thread

Crack indications in thread Crack indication in box connection

Crack indication in outside upset


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Galled seal Stabbing damage to shoulder


Pulled thread Overtorqued threads


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Washout in connection

Washout in connection

Pitting/corrosion in pin SRG


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Drill pipe repair

Whether you need to take the pipe to a repair shop or it can fixed in

the field, is dependent on the degree o damage to the joints.


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Double shouldered connections or severe

shoulder damage, require a shop reace.

Grinding

Field repair

Grinding Pin threads

Grinding Box threads


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Reace o a damaged connection shoulder is done with a special shoulder dressing tool.

There are several types available on the market, but the same principle applies to all o them.

A reaced shoulder should be flat and at right angles to the threads.

Field reace

Reacing tool

Reacing o shoulder

Damaged shoulder

Reaced shoulder


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Double shouldered

connections or severe

shoulder damage,

require shop reace.

A ull repair (recut) o

a connection has

to be done in a

proper and

authorized workshop.

Shop reace

Shop recut

Recut o pin

Ater shop reace

Recut o Box

Beore shop reace


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Both pin & box

connections are

marked ater a recut.

This is to determinethe space let or

(uture) reace. The

most common way

to mark this is either

with a stamp, or a

machined groove.

Benchmark

Stamped mark Machined groove

Principle sketch

Ater recut, the

thread root

is cold rolled to

compress the fibers.

This will restrictany evolvement

o atigue.

Cold working

Cold Working tool

ROLLER

LOAD

AFTER ROLLING,THESE FIBERS REMAININ COMPRESSION


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A copper sulated

shoulder will last

longer. This is done

ater the reace/shop

reace to reduce the

risk o galling

and corrosion.

Phosphatization o

connections is done

in a chemical bath

ater a recut. This

process increases the

durability o

the connections.

Both copper sulating

and phosphatization

is done to prevent

galling and provide

corrosion resistance.

Copper sulating

Phosphatization

Copper sulated shoulder

Chemical bath

Due to several reasons,

drill pipe can be

bent during drilling

operations. A bent

pipe is straightened

without the use o

preheating. A hydraulic

press is to be used.

Straightening obent drill pipe

Hydraulic press


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Worn out hardbanding

needs to be grinded

down beore a new

one is welded on.Some materials will

not blend properly,

and the hardbanding

has to be removed

completely beore a

new one is welded on.

Internal Plastic

Coating (IPC) is

designed to enhance

the perormance o

tubulars by reducing

wear and corrosion,and improving

hydraulic efficiency.

Hardbanding

Recoat

Worn out hardbanding

Coating

Rewelded

21I i & M i f D ill Pi


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Repair companies

A proper workshop or repair and rework on the drill pipe should have

a quality, well managed system.

Here’s a sample o a certified quality system. For abrication or repair o a connection, the

machine shop needs to be licensed or that

particular type o connection. Here’s a sample o

such a type o certificate.



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Documentation and traceability

All repairs must be traceable. It starts with the

inspection and must ollow the whole process

until the finalized repair.

Sample o Inspection Report or drill pipe;

The Repair report states the individual (unique) equipment number or a

repair, and also what needs to be repaired (highlighted on report).

ID Date

P.O. No

Work Order

Customer Ref.

Location

Drillpipe Summary Report

EQUIPMENT

SURFACE CONDITION

Fluorescent

Black/White

EMI Scope No. End Area Tool No. Yoke No.

Thick. Gauge No. UV Light No. Coil No.

Internal Qty External Qty ID Condition

MATERIAL

INSPECTION RESULTS

Comments

Class2

Scrap

RECUT

Pin

Box

SHOP

REFACE

Pin

Box

Premium

HAR DB ANDING S ER . NO.

RESTAMP

x 1

x 2

TUB E TOOL

JOINT

Joints Total

PLASTIC

COATING

Ok

Damaged

No Coat.

BENT

Pin

Box

Joints

FIELD

REFACE

Customer

CERT. NO.

NAME :

NDT Level II Inspector

CLASS

Number of Joints Inspected

Number of Hardbanding Repair

Number of Joints Require Shop Repair

Number of Class2 & Scrap

Number of Joints Ready For Use

Number of Premium After Repair

(Not Included In Recut Joints)

Re-Cut with HB Damage)(

Rig

Tube OD Threads Range Grade Tube

Weight Nom Wall Nom TJ OD Nom TJ IDLbs/Ft

Lot No.

Min TJ OD

OK

XT300 Rep.

OTW12 Rep.

Field Repair

Grinding Tongmarks

and Slipcuts

Protectors Supplied By

Euroincon

Hours

Hours

Qty.

SPECIFICATIONS DS 1 Cat. 4Spec. NS-2

Receipt Insp. Spec.Spec.VTI Only

Cat. 5

CLEANING 1400 bar 1400 bar

2000 bar 2000 bar

Special Special

Hard Pollution Hard Pollution

*TBA - To be applied

PIN BOX

HDLS

il

i

- il

i lil

i i

i i i

i

i i

i i

l

i

i l

ll i

i i l

i l

Weherebyconfirm thattheabove materialhasbeen inspectedinaccordancewithspecifiedinsp. proc., P.O.and EuroinconW.O.

Plastic Coated:

Hardbanding: Pin

Yes No

BoxPresent TBA*

Dope Applied

Well No.

l

ll i

Summary Report (Front page)

Required repair



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The repair shop will issue their report ater arepair. In this case a thread certificate (machining

report) with the same reerence to the unique

equipment number, the standard used (Spec.),

etc. or traceability.

Thread certificate



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Preservation & Storage

Preservation & storage



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p p

The drawing is a portion o a thread detail with API buttress threads, showing the compressible

lubricant/pipe sealant in the gaps o the threaded connection.

Why use thread compounds?

Thread compounds suitable or use in

vertical and horizontal oil & gas wells using

«API» oil country tubular goods tubing

(OCTG), casing, and line pipe are designed to:

• Provide lubricate

• Plug the thread clearance

• Prevent contamination o the naturalenvironment

• Prevent galling or scratches

• Provide a coefficient o riction consistent

with the connection requirements.

Used as an example, also valid or drill pipe threads

PIN

BOX

G2

C

G1

C



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• Do not put the pipe directly on the ground. The first layer o pipe should be

no less than 0.3m above the ground.

• The height o the pipe stack on a rack shall not exceed 2.5 m, and the pipe

shall be secured with post to prevent rolling out.

• When the pipe is laid in several rows, place 3 wooden blocks between each

row so that the tool-joint elements do not touch each other.

• Pipe shall be laid with boxes in the same directions

• Rejected pipe or pipe going to be repaired, shall be laid on a separate rack

and clearly identified

Pipe storage

Recommendations or pipe storage:



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The use o protective compounds to protect equipment during storage and use.

Picture shows dope where water has penetrated

- gray color. May indicate that the protector has

not tightened, or that temperature fluctuations

may have caused the loosening.

Preservation

Example o shoulder damage due to insufficient protector installation.



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The ollowing are recommendations or the application and use

o our thread compound on connections

Upon opening the container, the product should

be stirred with either a dope brush or other

suitable device to re-blend any oil separation or

settling o the component solids that may have

occurred during shipment and storage.

Never add any material such as diesel uel,

kerosene, motor oil, etc. to improve the ease

o application.

All connections contact suraces should be

cleaned and ree o storage or prior running

compound, drilling fluids and any other

contaminant residues prior to the applications o

the compound.

Contaminant residues, when mixed with

the thread compound during connections

engagement can substantially change the

riction actor and galling resistance o the thread

compound. A small amount o moisture in most

cases is unavoidable and will not affect compoundperormance.

Note: These are general procedures not

intended to replace the recommendations of t he

connection manufactures.



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Thread compounds

Where are threadcompounds used?

Coat primary shoulder onintererence designs

Fill threads, only root to crest

Too much compound interereswith connection make-up, toolittle may result in galling

Coat secondary shoulder orseal area on applicableconnection designs

Example:Double Shouldered Connection

Ensure the connection is as reeo drilling fluid as possible.Rinsing may be required

SecondarySeal

PrimaryMakeupShoulder(or RSC’s)

P i n

B

o x

Threads



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What quantity o threads compound is

required on rotary shoulder connections?

Insufficient thread compound coverage or rotary

shoulder connections

Proper Tread compound coverage or

or rotary shoulder connections

Drill pipe protectors



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Inspection standards



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The most common inspection standards in use today, are:

API – American Petroleum Institute. DS-1 – T.H. Hill Drill Stem Inspection. NS-2 – Fearnley Procter North Sea DrillString Inspection Standard



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Inspection companies



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A general view on the

necessary certifications

or a thread inspector

Level 1

Non Destructing Testing requires the

inspectors to be certified in order to

perform certifications according

to standards.

EN 473/ISO 9712 (European standards)

separates NDT inspectors into 3 levels.

An individual certified to Level 1 has demonstrated competence to carry out NDTaccording to written instructions and under the supervision o Level 2 or Level 3

personnel.

Within the scope o the competence defined on the certificate, Level 1 personnel

may be authorized by the employer to perorm the ollowing in accordance with

NDT instructions;

a) Set up NDT equipment

b) Perorm the tests

c) Record and classiy the results o the tests according to written criteria

d) Report the results

Level 1 certified personnel shall neither be responsible or the choice o test

method or technique to be used, nor or the interpretation o test results.



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Level 2

An individual certified to Level 2 has demonstrated competence to perorm NDT

according to NDT procedures. Within the scope o the competence defined on thecertificate, the employer to may authorize Level 2 personnel:

a) Select the correct NDT technique or the actual test.

b) Define the limitations o application o the testing method

c) Translate NDT codes, standards, specifications, and procedures into NDT

instructions adapted to the actual working conditions

d) Set up and veriy equipment settings

e) Perorm and supervise tests

) Interpret and evaluate results according to applicable standards, codes,

specifications or procedures

g) Carry out and supervise all tasks at or below Level 2

h) Provide guidance or personnel at or below Level 2

i) Report the results o NDT.



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Level 3

An individual certified to Level 3 has demonstrated competence to perorm and

direct NDT operations or which he is certified.

Level 3 personnel have demonstrated:

a) The competence to evaluate and interpret results in terms o existing

standards, codes, and specifications

b) Sufficient practical knowledge o applicable materials, abrication,

process, and product technology to select NDT methods, establish NDT

techniques, and assist in establishing acceptance criteria where none or

are otherwise available

c) A general amiliarity with other NDT methods

Within the scope o the competence defined on the certificate, Level 3 personnel

may be authorized to:

a) Assume ull responsibility or a test acility or examination center

and staff

b) Establish, review or editorial and technical correctness, and validate NDT

instructions and procedures

c) Interpret standards, codes, specifications, and procedures d) Designate the particular test methods, procedures, and NDT

instructions required

e) Carry out and supervise all tasks at all levels

) Provide guidance or NDT personnel at all levels



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Approval / Certification

Requirements or practice and introduction to NDT method

beore courses / issuance o certificate:

To be perormed by an accredited

certification business.

Method Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

MT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.

PT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.

UT 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.

RT 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.

ET 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.

VT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.



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Documentation

Reporting

Companies have a responsibility to keep and annually update their certificates to the inspectors.

Each year the responsible level 3 perorm a competency assessment o the individual inspector.

Near- and color vision are verified, beore the certificate are approved or another 12 months.

Ater 5 years, an application must be submitted to the certification body, to renew the certificate or

another five years.

Ater 10 years you have to do a complete course with tests.

Responsible level 3 shall report annually to the certification body on the status o the enterprise or the

year that has passed.

• Are all certificates updated?

• Is it registered complaints in the past 12 months?• Are there major changes in the organization over the last 12 months?



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Odfell Well Services

Hammaren 19

P.O.Box 152

N0-4098 Tananger

Norway

Tl: +47 51 64 84 00

Fax: +47 51 64 71 81

[email protected]

www.odfellwellservices.com
mailto:email%40odfjellwellservices.com?subject=http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/mailto:email%40odfjellwellservices.com?subject=

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Inspection and Maintenance of Drillpipe E-Book